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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study examined the differences in mortality rate among the three ethnic groups aged 35 to 69: 1) Japanese living in Kawasaki city, 2) Koreans living in Kawasaki city, 3) Koreans living in Korea. Three different measures were used for analysis: 1) mortality rate by sex and age, 2) Mantel-Haenszel Rate Ratio (MHRR), 3) Standardized Proportional Mortality Ratio (SPMR). Major findings were as follows: 1) In terms of mortality rate by sex and age, Koreans in both Kawasaki and Korea showed higher mortality rates than Japanese in Kawasaki for both sexes and for all of the age categories. Koreans living in Kawasaki and Koreans living in Korea showed nearly identical levels of mortality rate for both sexes and for all of the age categories. 2) Calculation of MHRR utilizing a mortality rate for Japanese living in Kawasaki as 1 yielded the following: For all causes of death, MHRR of Korean males living in Kawasaki aged 35 to 59 was 2.59, and 2.37 for ages 60 to 69. For females MHRR for those age groups were 1.91 and 2.06 respectively. All of these MHRRs were statistically significantly high (p less than 0.05). 3) Among the causes for the high MHRR for Korean males living in Kawasaki aged 35 to 59 compared in Japanese living in Kawasaki were the following: all Malignant neoplasms (ICD 9, 140-208), Malignant neoplasm of liver (155), Hypertensive disease (401-405), Ischemic heart disease (410-414), Pneumonia (480-486), Liver Cirrhosis (571). For males aged 60 to 69, causes were Tuberculosis (010-018), all Malignant neoplasms, Malignant neoplasm of liver, Ischemic heart disease, Disease of the pulmonary circulation and other forms of heart disease (415-429), Cerebrovascular disease (430-438), and Liver Cirrhosis. In the case of females, Tuberculosis, Disease of the pulmonary circulation and other forms of heart disease, Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus and lung were causes for high MHRR for Koreans in Kawasaki aged 35 to 59. All Malignant neoplasms, Malignant neoplasm of liver, Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus and lung, Accidental causes of death except motor vehicle accidents (E800-807, E826-848, E850-949) were causes for females aged 60 to 69. 4) The mortality rates for ages 35 to 69 for both sexes are similar for both Koreans living in Kawasaki and in Korea.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[A mortality study of middle-aged and elderly Koreans in Kawasaki City in comparison with Koreans in Korea and Japanese in Kawasaki City]. 213 81

In 108 patients with alcoholic liver disease who died during a 10-year follow-up, the diagnoses from the liver biopsies were compared with that from the Death Certificates. Data show that the currently used ICD-9 category of cirrhosis with or without mention of alcohol has a 47.2% chance of missing the diagnosis of cirrhosis. On the other hand when the mention of liver disease in the Death Certificate is used for the diagnosis of cirrhosis, the percentage of undiagnosed cirrhosis decreases to 19.4% (p less than 0.0001).
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PMID:Accuracy of death certificates in the diagnosis of alcoholic liver cirrhosis. 327 51

A proportionate mortality study of police and firefighters in New Jersey was conducted using the records of a comprehensive retirement system. Three reference populations were used: U.S. general population, New Jersey general population, and police as a reference group for the firefighters. Overall neither group differed from the New Jersey male population in the cause of death. Analyses by latency showed an increase in skin cancer and cirrhosis in firefighters and cirrhosis in police. With increased time from first employment, an inverse association was found between heart disease and time of first exposure. This was reflected in statistically significant increased proportionate mortality rates (PMR) for arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD) (ICD 410-414) for both working police (PMR = 1.15) and firefighters (PMR = 1.2). Retired police and firefighters had PMRs of 0.96 and 0.98, respectively. Firefighters had a significant increase in nonmalignant respiratory disease (PMR = 1.98) and leukemia (PMR = 2.76) when the police were used as a reference group. Potential causes of the above findings are discussed.
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PMID:Mortality in police and firefighters in New Jersey. 348 81

The mortality and the causes of death have been studied in a cohort consisting of 1548 male alcoholics in Stockholm. During the period 1969-1981 there were 542 cases of death in this population. The mortality rates were triple those for males in Stockholm generally. Using the official causes of death there was a highly significant excess mortality in the following diagnostic groups: Cancer in the upper digestive region, primary hepatic cancer, cirrhosis in the liver, pancreatitis, pneumonia, alcoholism and alcoholic poisoning, suicides and other causes of violent death as well as ischemic heart disease. The underlying and contributing causes of death on the death certificates were reclassified according to ICD-rules using clinical records and autopsy protocols. It was found that the underlying cause of death was incorrect in 21.8% of the cases. Important information was withheld in further 19.8%. After validation there was no longer any excess mortality in ischemic heart disease. The number of alcohol-related diagnoses, i.e. alcoholic cardiomyopathy, cirrhosis and fatty liver with alcoholism and alcoholic intoxication, was much greater. It is concluded that there is a underreporting of alcohol-related diseases and injuries which has a great influence on the reliability of death statistics.
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PMID:Validation of diagnoses on death certificates for male alcoholics in Stockholm. 358 75

The relative frequency of malignant disease as diagnosed by autopsy, biopsy or cytology in the Pathology Department, Central Hospital/Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique, has been calculated for 1977 and compared with similar findings over the period 1956-70 (ICD codes 140-209). The figures relate to African patients mainly from the South Mozambican area. A decrease of relative frequency of primary liver carcinoma was observed in men (from over 50% to 35%) but not in women. Other malignancies tend to be constant over the years, in accordance with the general pattern of malignancies for most African countries south of the Sahara. No explanation for the decrease of primary liver carcinoma in men can be given, assuming an unchanging high incidence of viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and food contamination by aflatoxin. Curiously, the relative frequency figure for primary carcinoma of the liver in females shows no gross alterations in the 1956-77 period, fluctuating around 20%, which is about the same as the relative frequency of carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
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PMID:Malignant tumours in Mozambican Africans with special reference to primary liver carcinoma. 732 15

Increasing concerns regarding the cost of medical care have led to research that has found a relationship between alcohol abuse, increased medical problems, longer hospital stays, and higher medical costs. Research has also found a positive relationship between alcohol availability and crime, car accidents, and liver cirrhosis deaths. One area of interest is how alcohol availability, as measured by the number of alcohol outlets, is related to medical care needs. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the geographic density of alcohol outlets and the number of alcohol-related hospital admissions. Alcohol-related ICD-9 codes were selected based on epidemiologic research in the literature to determine alcohol-related morbidity from the California Discharge Data System, which collects information on all hospital admissions and discharges in California. In San Diego County, in 1996, 3,759 admissions were alcohol-related. Alcohol-related admissions for each zip code were compared to the number of liquor licenses that were held by each zip code through a multiple regression analysis. The regression model demonstrated that the number of liquor outlets was a significant predictor of alcohol-related hospital admissions, net of other predictors. Implications are discussed, including regulation of alcohol availability, which may have a beneficial impact on alcohol morbidity.
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PMID:The relationship between the geographic density of alcohol outlets and alcohol-related hospital admissions in San Diego County. 1070 11

This study evaluates the risk of mortality in a cohort of Italian alcoholics resident in a rural area characterised by traditional drinking habits. Individual vital status of the 1,037 patients enrolled at the Centro Alcologico in Arezzo during the 1979-1997 period has been traced. Causes of death (ICD-IX) have been retrieved from the Regional Mortality Register. Standardised mortality ratios (SMR) have been computed according to gender and 5-year age group mortality rates of the general population resident in Tuscany during the same period. This cohort is representative of the traditional rural alcoholism of the Tuscany region based on wine consumption. Among the 9,190 person-years followed-up, 333 deaths have occurred, corresponding to approximately 2.6 fold the expected number of deaths (SMR males: 2.6; females: 2.4). In both genders, significantly high SMRs for liver cirrhosis, oesophagus and liver cancer are reported, while SMRs of cancers at all sites, oral and respiratory cancers, injuries as a whole, road and traffic accidents, and suicides are significantly elevated only among males. No relevant variation between expected and observed deaths for pancreatic diseases, colon cancer, female breast cancer, and, despite a large proportion of heavy smokers, for cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases, coronary heart diseases) has been recorded. This research confirms the high mortality among a cohort of Italian alcoholics. However, causes of death related with violence and trauma are proportionally less represented, in accordance with the social pattern of Mediterranean alcoholism. The absence of cardiovascular mortality risk in a wine-based cohort of alcoholics is an unexpected finding that requires to be further examined. Finally, to prevent smoking related deaths, alcohol addiction services should begin to introduce smoking cessation practices among treatment protocols.
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PMID:[Mortality in a cohort of alcoholics from Arezzo in 1979-1997]. 1141 4

In order to evaluate the clinical manifestations, management and outcome of childhood lung abscess, a retrospective chart review of 27 pediatric patients with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision-Clinical Modification (ICD-9 CM) code of 503.1 (lung abscess) from August 1987 to August 2003 was conducted. Among the 27 patients (14 males and 13 females), 30% (8/27) were primary lung abscess and 70% (19/27) had underlying chronic diseases (secondary lung abscess). The predisposing factors of the primary group (n = 8) included 6 cases of respiratory tract infection, 1 with choking during swimming, and 1 with laceration wound. The underlying diseases in the secondary group (n = 19) included 10 cases of hematologic disorder (52%), 3 of congenital heart disease, 2 of central nervous system anomalies, and 1 each of hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome, chronic lung disease, liver cirrhosis with fistula formation, and Swyer-James syndrome. Eleven patients (41%) underwent diagnostic tapping, including echo-guided aspiration (10 cases) and computed tomography-guided percutaneous needle aspiration (1 case). Positive yield rate from aspiration of lung abscess was 63.6% (7/11). Surgical intervention was performed in 8 (42%) of the secondary group and in 1 patient from the primary group. The pathogens were identified in 11 patients (41%): 5 with oral flora, 2 with Staphylococcus aureus plus other pathogens, 1 with S. aureus alone, 1 with Pseudomonas aeruginosa plus Proteus mirabilis, 1 with P. aeruginosa alone, and 1 with Aspergillus. The average duration of parenteral antibiotic use was 40 days. Five cases (18.5%) died due to poor control of the underlying diseases, and 4 of the patients (15%) had sequelae (2 with bronchiectasis and 2 with lung fibrosis). Seventy percent of lung abscess occurred in children with underlying medical conditions. Early percutaneous aspiration has an important role in identification of pathogens. Oral anaerobes and S. aureus are the core pathogens in primary lung abscess and gram-negative pathogens should also be considered in secondary lung abscess.
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PMID:Clinical management and outcome of childhood lung abscess: a 16-year experience. 1598 68

A descriptive analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) deaths in Canada for 1995 was undertaken. Cases (ICD-9 155.0) were identified from the Statistics Canada annual mortality file; age-adjusted death rates by age, sex and province were calculated. Antecedent causes and conditions leading to death listed on the death certificate, including viral hepatitis infection and cirrhosis, were examined, in addition to birthplace information. The 403 cases identified resulted in an annual age-standardized mortality rate of 2.11 deaths per 100,000 persons among men and 0.64 deaths per 100,000 persons among women. Mean age at death was 65.5 years with male-to-female ratio approximately 3:1. Compared to the age-standardized rate for birthplace of Canada of 0.96 per 100,000 (95 percent CI: 0.84, 1.10), the age-standardized mortality rates were significantly elevated for birthplace of Europe 1.72 (95 percent CI: 1.37, 2.28), Asia 5.17 (95 percent CI: 4.11, 6.44), and non-significantly elevated for all other countries 1.54 (95 percent CI: 0.94, 2.39). In total, 60 patients (15 percent) were reported to have had viral hepatitis; sufficient information was not provided for the remainder. Of the total population, 8.7 percent were reported to have had viral hepatitis B and 5.2 percent had viral hepatitis C. Information on cirrhosis was provided in 103 (26 percent) of cases. Of these, the largest proportion (45 percent) was of unknown type while 23 patients (22 percent) had alcohol-related cirrhosis. Prevalence of antecedent causes was slightly lower than reported previously and may be considered minimum estimates since inadequate information was provided in over 50 percent of deaths.
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PMID:Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Canada, 1995: analysis of death certificates. 1730 64

Comorbidities may affect the decision to treat chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We undertook this study to determine the prevalence of these conditions in the HCV-infected persons compared with HCV-uninfected controls. Demographic and comorbidity data were retrieved for HCV-infected and -uninfected subjects from the VA National Patient Care Database using ICD-9 codes. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds of comorbid conditions in the HCV-infected subjects. HCV-uninfected controls were identified matched on age, race/ethnicity and sex. We identified 126 926 HCV-infected subjects and 126 926 controls. The HCV-infected subjects had a higher prevalence of diabetes, anaemia, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/asthma, cirrhosis, hepatitis B and cancer, but had a lower prevalence of coronary artery disease and stroke. The prevalence of all psychiatric comorbidities and substance abuse was higher in the HCV-infected subjects. In the HCV-infected persons, the odds of being diagnosed with congestive heart failure, diabetes, anaemia, hypertension, COPD/asthma, cirrhosis, hepatitis B and cancer were higher, but lower for coronary artery disease and stroke. After adjusting for alcohol and drug abuse and dependence, the odds of psychiatric illness were not higher in the HCV-infected persons. The prevalence and patterns of comorbidities in HCV-infected veterans are different from those in HCV-uninfected controls. The association between HCV and psychiatric diagnoses is at least partly attributable to alcohol and drug abuse and dependence. These factors should be taken into account when evaluating patients for treatment and designing new intervention strategies.
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PMID:Co-morbid medical and psychiatric illness and substance abuse in HCV-infected and uninfected veterans. 1807 Feb 93


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