Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were determined in patients (268) with liver disease. Markedly elevated concentrations (greater than 100 micrograms/l) were found in twelve patients with malignant tumours and two with cirrhosis. Molecular variants of alpha-fetoprotein were distinguished by lectin affinity chromatography of these sera. Reversible binding to concanavalin A (86 +/- 5%) and to lentil agglutinin (61 +/- 19%) conformed to expected values for primary hepatocellular carcinoma except in one patient with a metastatic carcinoma whose alpha-fetoprotein binding to concanavalin A was similar to non-liver alpha-fetoprotein (44 +/- 13%), and the two patients with cirrhosis in whom binding to lentil agglutinin was typical for benign liver disorders (less than 20%). Since low levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein and non-characteristic alpha-fetoprotein binding patterns assisted in the regrouping of eleven out of 24 patients initially thought to have primary hepatocellular carcinoma, it was concluded that alpha-fetoprotein determination and lectin affinity chromatography are helpful in distinguishing primary hepatocellular carcinoma from metastatic and benign liver diseases. Slight increases in the alpha-fetoprotein level in the presence of serum hepatitis B surface antigen indicated seven patients at risk for primary hepatocellular carcinoma who should be monitored frequently.
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PMID:Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels and microheterogeneity in patients with different liver diseases. 170 55

In a consecutive 440 autopsy cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 13 patients (2.95%) were found to have a second primary malignant tumor. All of the patients were male. The age ranged from 40 to 69 years old. (mean: 56.5) Peak incidence occurred in the seventh decade. The associated neoplasms included 4 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma, 2 cases of thyroid cancer, 2 cases of retroperitoneal sarcomas, 1 case of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 1 case of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 1 case of common bile duct adenocarcinoma, 1 case of renal cell carcinoma, and 1 case of prostatic adenocarcinoma. The organ most commonly involved was large bowel (4 cases). Epithelial origin neoplasms comprised the vast majority (84.6%). Of the 13 cases, 2 associated malignancies existed metachronously, 4 and 5 years before HCC. The others were found at the same time as HCC. The clinical and pathological observations included age, sex, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), cirrhosis, gross and histologic appearance. The above presentations were similar in cases with and without second malignancy. We failed to find any factor that was possibly related to the etiology of the second neoplasm. Much more such cases are needed for further evaluation.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma coexisted with second malignancy--a study of 13 cases from a consecutive 440 autopsy cases of HCC. 170 92

Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed in 50 paraffin-embedded specimens of clinical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatic resections. The DNA distribution pattern was classified in two types, diploid and aneuploid, according to the degree of dispersion on the DNA histogram. The major DNA pattern of HCC in this report proved to be aneuploid (78%), although 22% of tumors revealed a diploid pattern. The serum alpha-fetoprotein level exceeded 40 ng/ml in 86.1% of the aneuploid tumors and in 13.9% of the diploid tumors (p less than 0.05). We found no correlation between DNA distribution and hepatitis B surface antigen positivity, the presence of liver cirrhosis or tumor size. Additionally we noted no significant correlation between the DNA pattern and survival rates in patients with HCC who underwent hepatic resection.
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PMID:Flow cytometric DNA analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma: preliminary report. 170 92

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens from 110 cases of chronic hepatitis and 108 cases of cirrhosis were stained for HBxAg by the avidin-biotin complex technique using specific antisera made against full-length HBxAg polypeptide or derived synthetic peptides. These tissues were also stained for the HBsAg and HBcAg by the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method. Among patients with chronic hepatitis, 86% were HBsAg positive in liver cells, 60% were surface antigen positive and 32% were core antigen positive. Among patients with cirrhosis, 97% were HBsAg positive in liver cells, 72% were surface antigen positive and 17% were positive for core antigen. Staining specificity was demonstrated, in part, by using preimmune sera in the place of primary antibody, by blocking of the primary antibody with the appropriate antigen before assay and by testing uninfected liver controls. The persistence and high frequency of HBxAg in liver cells from patients with chronic liver disease suggest that it may play one or more important roles in the pathogenesis of chronic infection. It is possible that detection of HBxAg in the liver could be an additional new diagnostic marker for hepatitis B virus infection. However, the function(s) of HBxAg in the pathogenesis of the chronic liver disease, if any, remains to be explained.
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PMID:HBxAg in the liver from carrier patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. 171 39

Hepatocellular carcinoma mainly affects patients with cirrhosis or with various degrees of fibrosis. From 1979 to 1990, among 87 patients who underwent hepatic resection for non fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, 12 (14%) had a non fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma developed in a normal liver. There were 8 men and 4 women, aged 29 to 74 years. In 7 patients (58%) hepatocellular carcinoma was associated with clinical manifestations. Serum hepatitis B surface antigen were absent in all patients. Serum alphafetoprotein level was less than 100 ng/ml in 10 (83%), size of the tumor was greater than or equal to 5 cm in 10 (83%) and capsule was present in 10 (83%). Resections included removal of 2 segments or more in 11 (91%). One patient died postoperatively. Actuarial survival rate at 3 and 5 years were respectively 57% and 38%. Intra or extrahepatic recurrence was recognized in 8 (67%), 2 patients were alive respectively 28 and 16 months after treatment of their intrahepatic recurrence (resection in one and intraarterial embolisation in one). In conclusion, our results suggest that aggressive surgical efforts are justified in non fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma arising in normal liver.
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PMID:[Hepatocellular carcinoma arising in the normal liver. A clinical study and long-term prognosis after surgical resection in 12 patients]. 171 5

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was detected, by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion technique, in 81.5% of patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. The test gave negative results with 35 cases of acute viral hepatitis, 7 haemochromatosis, 6 micronodular cirrhosis and 2 cholangiocellular carcinoma. Curiously, one patient with postnecrotic cirrhosis, a well recognized sequela of viral hepatitis, whose liver cell regeneration also showed "atypical changes", was AFP positive. AFP was not detected in sera from the general population which comprised 1029 male blood donors, 144 antenatal and 106 maternity cases. The only exception was the case of a woman who aborted a 5-month old foetus. A follow-up serum sample taken 3 months later was, however, negative for AFP. The frequency of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) detection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (25.9%) was 4 to 5 times higher than that in the general population. This strong association between HBsAg and primary liver cancer in countries where liver tumours are often AFP secretors suggests a role for hepatitis B virus, not only in the aetiology of the cancer, but also in the reactivation of the gene encoding this foetal protein.
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PMID:A study of alpha-fetoprotein in primary liver cancer in Tanzania. 172 52

The histopathology of the liver and the detectability of intrahepatic hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers were studied in 34 autopsy cases in elderly patients (mean age 73.9 years, range 60-91 years) who had had a history of positive HBV surface antigenaemia prior to death. Seven of 14 persistent HBV carrier cases (group A) in which long-lasting HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) carriage in the sera had been confirmed by sequential assays, and 5 out of 15 HBV-infected people (group C, single assay) showed significant primary liver damages including chronic hepatitis, toxic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In 5 cases (group B), one of which was type B liver cirrhosis, HBsAg became negative and HBsAb appeared during the follow-up period (up to 33 months). Among confirmed HBV carriers, HBsAg and HBV core antigen were most frequently found in the liver of cirrhotic cases with and without hepatocellular carcinoma (5 of 6), whereas these were rarely detected in those with non-specific changes or slight hepatitic activity (1 of 7). All 5 cases in group B were negative for histological HBV-related antigens and the findings in group C were variously interpreted. Post-mortem cases of the aged HBV carriers who survived their mean life expectancy represent an important population in which to study the natural history of HBV carriers.
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PMID:The histopathology of the liver in older patients with hepatitis B virus surface antigenaemia. 175 Jan 87

We have assessed the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection in people with histologically proven chronic liver disease living in Somalia. Among 104 patients studied (14 with chronic persistent hepatitis, 74 with chronic active hepatitis, and 16 with active cirrhosis), 52 were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen; of these, 26 (50%) carried anti-delta antibodies. HDV infection was detected more frequently in sera from hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negative patients (60.9%) than in HBeAg positive patients (9.1%). Using the dot-blot hybridization technique, serum hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid was revealed in 73.1% of patients without HDV infection, while it was detected in only 7.7% of anti-delta positive patients. It is concluded that HDV is strongly associated with chronic liver disease in Somalia.
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PMID:High prevalence of anti-hepatitis delta virus antibody in chronic liver disease in Somalia. 175 67

508 Japanese patients with chronic liver disease, including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and 500 controls matched for sex and age were studied. Antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) alone was found in 233 (45.9%) patients and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) alone was present in 128 (25.2%) patients. Both anti-HCV and HBsAg were present in 18 (3.5%) patients. Anti-HCV was found in 8 (1.6%) controls and HBsAg was present in 4 (0.8%) controls. The prevalence of anti-HCV alone was 36.9% in chronic hepatitis, 49.0% in cirrhosis and 67.0% in hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively. The prevalence of anti-HCV increased with the progress of severity of liver disease. Anti-HCV was more prevalent than HBsAg both in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (p less than 0.001). The prevalence of anti-HCV increased with age. Among patients under age 39 years, HBsAg was detected more often than anti-HCV, however, in those over age 50 years, anti-HCV was detected more often than HBsAg (p less than 0.001). It would appear that hepatitis C virus more than hepatitis B virus is a prominent cause of chronic liver disease among Japanese patients.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus is a more likely cause of chronic liver disease in the Japanese population than hepatitis B virus. 178 56

This work was carried out on 45 patients with chronic liver diseases, including 24 cases of liver cirrhosis and 21 cases of chronic hepatitis. Their ages ranged from 2 to 15 years (median 5). All cases were examined clinically and assessed biochemically for liver function tests. Serological studies were performed to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and delta IgG antibody (IgG anti-HD) using Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) technique. The study showed that IgG anti-HD was detected in 8.9% of cases with chronic liver diseases (all positive cases were with liver cirrhosis). On the other hand, HBsAg was detected in 53.3% of cases (54.2% of them with cirrhosis and 45.8% with chronic hepatitis) with no significant association between HBsAg positivity and type of hepatic illness. Moreover, IgG anti-HD was positive in only 4.2% of HBsAg positive cases, while 14.3% of HBsAg negative cases were positive for IgG anti-HD. A significant association was also found between delta positivity and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transferase level (SGOT). We concluded that chronic delta hepatitis appeared to be more severe than other types of chronic viral hepatitis, as all delta positive cases were with liver cirrhosis and had elevated SGOT levels. Screening of delta markers in addition to hepatitis B viral markers could improve the understanding of a number of obscure cases of chronic hepatic illnesses and would help in the control of HBV and consequently HDV infection in the general population.
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PMID:Delta virus and hepatitis B surface antigen in chronic liver diseases. 179 15


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