Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study of 221 patients revealed that detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBS Ag) was found in 16.3% of 49 patients who had hepatoma associated with cirrhosis. None of the 8 hepatoma patients without cirrhosis had detectable HBS Ag in the serum. When known causes of cirrhosis were excluded, HBS Ag was present in 18% of 22 patients. Positive alpha-1-fetoprotein (AFP) was found in 25 of 49 cases (51%) of hepatoma with cirrhosis but was found only in 1 of 8 cases (12.5%) of hepatoma without cirrhosis. Of 25 patients whose AFP was positive, HBS Ag was also present in 7. The latter was detected in only 1 of 24 patients in whom AFP was not detected. This study suggests that HBS Ag is closely associated with hepatomas in cirrhotic patients but not in noncirrhotic patients with hepatoma.
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PMID:Relationship of hepatitis B antigen in cirrhosis and hepatoma in Thailand. An etiological significance. 4 28

The presence of alpha-1-fetoprotein, the heat stable alkaline phosphatase and Australia antigen was examined in 103 patients with porphyria cutanea tarda, 300 patients with cirrhosis and 18 patients with primary liver carcinoma. The heat stable alkaline phosphatase was determined in 46 percent of patients with porphyria cutanea tarda and in 61 percent of patients with primary liver carcinoma. Alpha-1-fetoprotein was detected in 61 percent of patients with primary liver carcinoma and in 2 patients with porphyria cutanea tarda in whom primary liver carcinoma was proved later. The simultaneous occurrence of alpha-1-fetoprotein and the heat stable alkaline phosphatase was found in 50 percent of cases with primary liver carcinoma. Neither the patients with porphyria cutanea tarda nor the patients with cirrhosis were Australia-antigen positive. Australia-antigen could be detected only in one patient with alpha-1-fetoprotein positive-carcinoma of the liver.
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PMID:Alpha-1-fetoprotein and the heat stable alkaline phosphatase in some liver diseases. 4 25

Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 473 patients with biopsy-proved noneoplastic hepatic disorders; 22% had values greater than 40 ng/ml, whereas only 1 of 350 patients with nonhepatic benign diseases had a value greater than this. Levels exceeded 40 ng/ml in more than 30% of patients with various types of hepatitis, and in 0% to 15% with inactive postnecrotic cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, biliary tract obstruction, and alcoholic liver disease. Values greater than 500 mg/ml were observed solely in viral subacute hepatic necrois. Only one patient had a level exceeding 3,000 ng/ml, the concentration at which alpha-fetoprotein is detectable by agar-gel diffusion. Of 75 patients with hepatoma, serum alpha-fetoprotein levels exceeded 40 ng/ml in 69%, and exceeded 3,000 ng/ml in 48%. These studies indicate that serum alpha-fetoprotein levels are elevated in several nonneoplastic hepatic disorders when a sensitive assay is used; this phenomenon may reflect hepatic regeneration.
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PMID:alpha-fetoprotein in noneoplastic hepatic disorders. 4 62

Five cases of hepatocellular carcinoma in whom diagnosis was made when the tumor was relatively small, are described. In 2 cases, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) strted to rise sharply, which enabled early detection and surgical removal of the tumor. Serum AFP was below 100 ng per ml, but above the upper normal limit by radioimmunoassay, and was unfluctuating for a considerable period of time before it began to rise in 2 cases. It was negative throughout in 1 case, who lived more than 4 years after the tumor had reached a detectable size. In 4 of 5 cases, the tumor seemed to have evolved during a stage of chronic hepatitis or its transition to cirrhosis. In 1 case with chronic schistosomiasis and advanced mixed macro- and micronodular cirrhosis, a 1.5-cm tumor was detected by celiac angiography. These observations on time relationship of oncogenesis may be generalized to modify the cirrhotic liver. Necessity is emphasized for the early detection of this type of carcinoma to monitor serum AFP in chronic hepatitis patients, particularly in those with unfluctuating, mildly abnormal levels of AFP.
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PMID:Clinical observations during a relatively early stage of hepatocellular carcinoma, with special reference to serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. 5 Feb 51

Intracytoplasmic hyaline globules (IHG) were found in 16 out of 105 hepatocellular carcinomas (15.2%). In all cases, there was a male preponderance, most of the patients were Black, and the mean age was in the fifth decade. IHG were mostly noted in the better-differentiated tumors. Bile production was present in 12% of all tumors. Over 80% of tumors with globules showed necrosis as compared with 40% of the tumors without globules. Cirrhosis was present in almost half the cases, with liver cell dysplasia in 15%. These globules are possibly alpha-fetoprotein. Some of them may be giant lysosomes. Their role in carcinogenesis and prognosis is uncertain.
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PMID:Intracytoplasmic hyaline globules in hepatocellular carconomas. 5 81

Primary carcinoma of the liver is rare in Western countries but it is a common malignant tumour in many parts of the tropics. Much has been learnt in recent years about its pathology, manifestations, and aetiology that is relevant to the whole field of oncology. The important distinction between carcinomas of liver-cell and bile-duct origin, the phenomenon of alpha-fetoprotein production, and the role of cirrhosis are discussed in the context of newly discovered aetiological factors such as gonadal steroids, mycotoxins, and the hepatitis B virus.
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PMID:Primary carcinoma of the liver. 6 75

A new method, radio-crossed immunoelectrophoresis, demonstrates alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in sera with a sensitivity of 1 mug/1. By this method AFP with alpha mobility was not found in sera from healthy individuals, patients with chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, secondary liver cancer and cystic fibrosis. In some of the sera, AFP was elevated when measured by conventional radioimmunoassay method and the sera contained an AFP-like substance with gamma mobility when analyzed by radio-crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The nature of this gamma substance is still obscure and needs further investigation.
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PMID:Alpha-fetoprotein-like activity in sera from patients with malignant and non-malignant disease and healthy individuals. 6 Oct 78

The clinical features of 57 autopsied cases of intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma including 28 cases of the peripheral type (cholangiocarcinoma in the narrow sense) and 29 cases of the hilar type are described in comparison with those of hepatocellular carcinoma, with a review of the literature on the clinicopathological aspects of intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. As compared with hepatocellular carcinoma, the average age of the patients was older; the male predominance was not obvious, chronic parenchymal liver disease was infrequent in the past history, association of primary cirrhosis was seldom, cholestatic features were frequently the early signs and more pronounced during the course, the liver was enlarged to a lesser extent, ascites was less common, signs of portal hypertension were absent or minimal, and extrahepatic metastases were less frequent. In many respects, the hilar type resembled extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma, and the peripheral type was somewhat between it and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the overall survival was not much different from that for hepatocellular carcinoma, early diagnosis is emphasized; this would make surgical management possible. Differential diagnosis from hepatocellular carcinoma may be possible in the majority with direct cholangiography, liver scan, celiac angiography, determination of alpha-fetoprotein and hepatitis B antigen, and blood chemistry such as SGOT, SLDH, serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. Illustrative cases are given including one patient with a hilar carcinoma who survived for more than 2 years after transhepatic biliary drainage.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma including hilar carcinoma: a study of 57 autopsy-proven cases. 6 93

Certain characteristics of 328 Mozambican male Shangaans with primary hepatocellular cancer (PHC) have been compared with those of 163 Shangaan men with hepatomegaly from causes other than PHC and with those of 122 Black Southern African men with the same tumour but who belonged to tribes other than the Shangaan. Shangaans with PHC were significantly younger than non-Shangaans with the tumour (mean age 33,4 cf. 40,0 years; Pless than 0,001). They also had a significantly higher positivity rate of alpha-fetoprotein by immunodiffusion (71,4%) than the non-Shangaans (16%), although in other respects the tumours appeared to be similar. Cirrhosis of the non-tumorous part of the liver was present at necropsy in 62% of the Shangaans and in 66% of the non-Shangaans. The hepatitis B (surface) antigen (HBsAg) was detected in the serum of 60% of the Shangaans with PHC compared with only 9% of the controls. The antigen was present in 53,4% of the non-Shangaans with PHC (the difference between this fifure and that in the Shangaans was not significant). HBsAg was detected in the serum of 64% of the Shangaans with PHC and cirrhosis, but also in 74% of those with the tumour without associated cirrhosis. The possible role of the hepatitis B verus in the aetiology of PHC is considered in the light both of these findings and of the possibility that the frequency with which the tumour is associated with cirrhosis may be decreasing in Shangaans. Some of the dietary habits of the Shangaans with PHC were compared with those of the controls. Virtually all the patients with PHC, but also almost all the controls, ate groundnuts in large quantities from an early age, as well as cashew nuts in smaller amounts. Cycad pips, mopani leaves and pods, mopani worms and locusts were not eaten by significantly more of the Shangaans with PHC than the controls. The limitations of this type of dietary analysis are discussed.
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PMID:Some characteristics of Mozambican Shangaans with primary hepatocellular cancer. 6 57

Sixteen necropsies and 4 cases of hepatic resection in which the liver had a solitary hepatocellular carcinoma smaller than 4.5 cm, or a few tumor nodules smaller than 3.5 cm, have been analyzed. Clinically, these patients presented with signs and symptoms compatible with cirrhosis and, of the 16 autopsy cases only 2 had been diagnosed correctly. In all but 4 cases, the noncancerous parenchyma showed advanced cirrhosis of the mixed type, with irregularly sized multilobular nodules and thin strands of stroma, different from typical alcoholic cirrhosis. The primary lesion was grossly encapsulated in the majority, suggesting a slow, expanding growth. Histologically, most primaries were relatively well differentiated. Serum alpha-fetoprotein was generally low, and it served as the major diagnostic clue in only 5 cases. In patients with mildly abnormal alpha-fetoprotein levels, continuous monitoring seems important in order to detect a steady rise, the first warning for tumor growth.
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PMID:Clinicopathological studies of minute hepatocellular carcinoma. Analysis of 20 cases, including 4 with hepatic resection. 6 81


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