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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Men drafted into the Army, hospitalized during 1944 to 1945 for service-connected trauma to the extremities, and consequently separated for disability were followed for mortality from January 1946 to April 1977. Three groups were established consisting of those whose injury resulted in (a) limb amputation, (b) disfiguration without loss of body part, (c) loss of part of hand or part of foot. Group (a) had a mortality, standardized for age and calendar time, 1.4 times that of Group (b), matched on age and length of service at admission, and 1.3 times that of Group (c), similar on age and length of service to Group (a). The excess mortality of limb amputees was statistically significant (P less than .05) for ischemic heart disease, other diseases of the cardiovascular system, suicide by poisoning, alcholic cirrhosis, and cute pancreatitis. Possibly (P less than .1) there was also an increased risk of diabetes and cancer of the buccal cavity and pharynx.
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PMID:Report to the Veterans' Administration Department of Medicine and Surgery on service-connected traumatic limb amputations and subsequent mortality from cardiovascular disease and other causes of death. 39 10

Thirty-five Black patients with cirrhosis of the liver were admitted to the professorial unit over a 1-year period and were included in a carefully planned prospective study. Men predominated over women in a ratio of 3:1. Alcohol consumption in the form of African beer was significantly higher in cirrhotic patients than in a control population. The clinical picture was neither predominantly that of alcoholic nor of cryptogenic cirrhosis. Hepatomegaly, porphyria cutanea tarda, ascites, splenomegaly and oesophageal varices were common. There was a complete absence of gynaecomastia, spider naevi and liver palms. Histologically, the majority of patients had macronodular cirrhosis, and only 1 patient had micronodular cirrhosis and minimal fatty change. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) was not detected in any patient, despite a positive HbAg rate of 4% in Black African blood donors, determined by means of the same laboratory technique.
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PMID:Cirrhosis of the liver in Rhodesian Blacks. 88 20

In the contemporary United States, mortality is 60% higher for males than for females. Forty percent of the excess of male mortality is due to arteriosclerotic heart disease, which is more common among men in part because they smoke cigarettes more than women do, and apparently also because they more often develop the competitive, aggressive Coronary Prone Behavior Pattern. Men who do not develop this Behavior Pattern may have as low a risk of coronary heart disease as comparable women. Oophorectomy of young women may increase the risk of coronary heart disease, but administration of female hormones generally does not reduce risk. One third of the sex differential in mortality is due to men's higher rates of suicide, fatal motor vehicle and other accidents, cirrhosis of the liver, respiratory cancers and emphysema. Each of these causes of death is linked to behaviours which are encouraged or accepted more in males than in females: using guns, drinking alcohol, smoking, working at hazardous jobs, and seeming to be fearless. Thus, the behaviors expected of males in our society make a major contribution to their elevated mortality.
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PMID:Why do women liver longer than men? 101 12

A historical prospective cohort study of 6630 drivers from the Canton of Geneva was carried out to evaluate mortality and incidence of cancer in this occupation. The study population was all men (of all vocations) who held in 1949 a special licence for driving lorries, taxis, buses, or coaches and all new licence holders in the period 1949-61. Men born before 1900 and those with only an ordinary driving licence were excluded. According to the occupation registered on their licence, the 6630 drivers were distributed into three groups: (1) professional drivers (n = 1726), (2) non-professional drivers "more exposed" to exhaust gas and fumes (this group included occupations such as vehicle mechanic, policeman, road sweeper; n = 712), and (3) non-professional drivers "less exposed," composed of all other occupations (n = 4192). The cohort was followed up from 1949 to December 1986 and the trace of 197 men (3%) was lost. Compared with the general population of the Canton of Geneva, professional drivers experienced significant excess risks, taking into account 15 years of latency, for all causes of death (standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 115, 90% confidence interval (90% CI) 107-123) and for all malignant neoplasms (SMR 125, 90% CI 112-140; standardised incidence ratio (SIR) 128, 90% CI 115-142). Cause specific analysis showed significant excesses for lung cancer (SMR 150, 90% CI 123-181; SIR 161, 90% CI 129-198), oesophageal cancer (SMR 183, 90% CI 108-291), stomach cancer (SMR 179, 90% CI 117-263; SIR233, 90% CI 156-336), rectal cancer (SMR 258, 90% CIU 162-392; SIR 200, 90% CI 127-300), and cirrhosis of the liver (SMR 145, 90% CI 104-198). Risk of lung cancer increased significantly with time from first exposure. Among non-professional drivers no significant excess risk was found except for lung cancer mortality among the "less exposed" group (SMR 121, 90% CI 103-140), and for incidence of lung cancer among the "more exposed" group (SIR 161, 90% CI 111-227). The possible casual relation between exposure to engine exhaust emissions and the increased risk for lung cancer and for cancer of the gastrointestinal tract found among professional drivers is discussed.
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PMID:Increased risk for lung cancer and for cancer of the gastrointestinal tract among Geneva professional drivers. 137 39

Men suffering from liver cirrhosis were examined. They demonstrated a decrease in the blood content of gonadotropic hormones and testosterone and a rise of estradiol and prolactin. The changes indicated were more pronounced in decompensated liver cirrhosis and were associated with lipid peroxidation activation and a reduction of the count of T suppressor lymphocytes. As a result, the treatment of men suffering from decompensated liver cirrhosis and hyperprolactinemia by parlodel lowered blood prolactin and activity of lipid peroxidation. The use of chorionic gonadotropin for the treatment of men with decompensated liver cirrhosis and a low content of blood lutropin produces an immunomodulatory effect. Parlodel and chorionic gonadotropin favour a decrease of the cytolytic syndrome.
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PMID:[The immunomodulating and hepatotropic effect of correcting hyperprolactinemia and hypophyseal gonadotropic dysfunction in liver cirrhosis patients]. 150 76

1729 liver excisions from patients with laparotomy (1302 women, 427 men) were analyzed during 5 years (1984-1988). There were 12 cirrhoses among them (in 6 women and 6 men) with medium history of about 5 years. HBsAg was proved both according to Shikata and immunohistochemically in 4 cirrhoses, two of them were serologically positive, only one known before operation. A case of seroconversion was observed (repeated seronegativity with histochemical and immunochemical HBsAg positivity). Men: women ratio of 3:1 correlated with the literature as well as the prevalence of macronodular and mixed cirrhosis in women and micronodular cirrhosis in men. Paper points out an infection risk in surgical staff operating on cases with unrevealed HBsAg positivity.
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PMID:[Liver cirrhosis in surgical samples]. 159 46

A survey of literature data and the author's own observation of 18 patients with hemochromatosis (H) have shown that H is a polysyndrome disease. Men aged 35 to 60 suffer more frequently. Its most significant symptoms and syndromes are skin hyperpigmentation, hypersideremia, liver cirrhosis, diabetes, cardiomyopathy, and endocrinopathy. Three variants in a course of H--mild, average severe and severe (complicated)--were defined with regard to the duration of disease, a degree of morphofunctional changes and insufficiency of the affected organs. Intravital diagnosis of H was possible in clinical awareness and in the detection of hypersideremia and hemosiderin in liver and skin biopsy specimens. Multimodality therapy (blood-letting, desferal and insulin) promoted compensation of metabolic derangement, stabilization and even regression of disease.
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PMID:[Hemochromatosis: the clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment]. 328 99

In order to assess the frequency and profile of cirrhosis in the young, 169 consecutive patients with cirrhosis were studied. Sixty three (37%) patients of less than or equal to 35 years age were defined as young and the remaining 106 (63%) patients (greater than 35 years) as adult cirrhotics. Men predominated significantly (p less than 0.01) in the young cirrhotic group. The aetiology, the frequency of positive hepatitis B markers and initial clinical presentation were similar in the two groups. During the follow up period (30.6 +/- 29.7 months for the young and 25.8 +/- 21.7 months for the adult group), except for abdominal distension and pedal oedema which occurred significantly more often in the adult compared with the young cirrhotics, no difference was noted in the two groups. Twenty seven (39.7%) deaths (40% as a result of hepatic failure and 52% due to variceal bleeding) occurred in the young and 47 (44.3%) deaths (63.8% because of hepatic failure and 26% because of variceal bleeding) occurred in the adult cirrhotics during the follow up (difference NS). The five year survival (61.9% v 55.7%) and the probability of survival within the same Child's grade of liver disease were comparable. In both the groups, however, the probability of survival was significantly higher in Child's A compared with Child's B and C and in Child's B compared with Child's C grade of liver disease. Survival was not influenced by sex of the patient and aetiology of cirrhosis. Results of this prospective study indicate that cirrhosis is not uncommon in young adults. The aetiology, clinical presentation, natural history of the disease and the survival rates in young cirrhotics do not differ significantly from adult cirrhotics.
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PMID:Young v adult cirrhotics: a prospective, comparative analysis of the clinical profile, natural course and survival. 334 2

The frequency of cirrhoses drastically increased in the seventies. This increase was predominantly due to an augmentation of alcoholic cirrhosis in men. Cirrhosis is significantly more wide-spread in men than in women. Most of the cirrhoses in women are of unknown origin. Morphologically, the alcoholic cirrhoses are of the micronodular types in their great majority. Combined with HBsAg positivity, the macronodular type is most frequent. The classification in micro- and macronodular cirrhoses do not imply a different etiology but it may indicate different stages in cirrhosis of identic origin. Histologically, the signs of alcoholic hepatitis particularly help to trace back the alcoholic etiology. If HBsAg can be detected and the margins of the pseudolobules are moth- eatenlike , this speaks for a hepatitic origin. The lowest average age was observed in cases of alcoholic cirrhoses, the highest in HBsAg positive cirrhoses of women. Men suffering from cirrhosis die earlier than women. In the case of alcoholic origin, the bulk of the cirrhotic livers are eutrophic while, beside HBsAg positivity, the atrophic livers are prevailing. The two most frequent environmental causes of cirrhosis are alcoholic beverages and hepatitis. Better exploration of the environmental factors and clearing up the origin of cryptogenic cirrhoses are essential tasks of the future.
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PMID:[Importance of environmental factors for the development of liver cirrhosis]. 667 10

It has been shown previously that coronary heart disease was less likely to develop in Japanese men in Honolulu who drank alcoholic beverages than in those who abstained, and that the more they drank (up to about 60 ml/day of ethanol) the lower the risk. In this report on the same men, it is shown that the same sort of relation holds for mortality from coronary heart disease but that the reverse is true for death from cancer and from stroke. Men who drank were more likely to die from these causes than those who abstained, and the more they drank the greater the risk of death. Men who drank relatively large amounts were more likely to die from cirrhosis of the liver than other men. The resultant curve for total mortality is u-shaped, the lowest risk being for men who consumed from 1 to 10 ml/day of ethanol. Even at that low level of consumption, however, the risk of death from cancer or stroke was greater than it was for nondrinkers. In short, for this population of Japanese men, alcohol consumption appears to have some benefits and some hazards with regard to mortality, and the benefit or hazard depends on which cause of death is being considered.
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PMID:Alcohol and mortality: the Honolulu Heart Study. 735 89


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