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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The onset of spontaneous hemolytic jaundice in a young subject should lead to the search for Wilson's disease when clinical examination reveals cirrhosis. This hemolysis may evolve in the form of severe jaundice to a stage where the cirrhosis remains usually latent or well tolerated. The intervention of a toxic, allergic of infective factor liable to produce a hepatic lesion which frees a dose of copper sufficient to trigger off hemolysis, is discussed. The mechanism of the latter, that of the coagulation disorders observed, liver cell failure and widespread intravascular coagulation, are analysed in this paper and compared with data in the literature. The dramatic character of the case indicates that it is necessary to treat as a routine with penicillamine all homozygous forms of Wilson's disease.
Sem Hop 1976 Dec 09
PMID:[Severe hemolytic jaundice and Wilson's disease]. 19 22

During a preliminary study comparing 5 normal subjects and 5 alcoholics (25 experiments) changes in evoked potentials were found in these patients. There was mainly a reduction in these potentials during the first 100 milleseconds following stimulation. Such a reduction generally means a disorder of the arrival of the influx at the level of the cortex and may be found mainly in peripheral nerve involvement. A complementary study of the H reflex (34 experiments) showed that this reflex was affected in 60% of chronic alcoholics whether or not they had liver cirrhosis. The theory according to which the EEG abnormalities observed may be linked to a metabolic disorder of the amino-acids was not confirmed. The changes of the first 100 milleseconds of the evoked potential associated with the change in Hoffman's reflex are in favour of early peripheral involvement even in alcoholics who do not appear to have any peripheral neuritis. These signs are different from those which are observed in marijuana or psylocybine poisoning where the EEG signs are due to central involvement.
Sem Hop
PMID:[Electrophysiologic abnormalities in chronic alcoholism, disclosed by the methods of evoked potentials and Hoffman's reflex. Study of a possible metabolic pathogenesis]. 19 16

The onset of jaundice following a surgical operation sometimes raises difficult problems. It is rarely due to hemolysis, infective hepatitis or decomposated cirrhosis of the liver. One should seek as a routine hepatitis due to halotane. However the most frequent cause is "benign postoperative cholestasis". This variety of jaundice presents in the form of an icterus due to conjugated bilirubine with often a large increase in alkaline phosphatase levels. The ocurse is variable. Almost always due to severe surgical or septic trauma, accompanied by shock and/or anoxia, it raises difficult diagnostic problems. The clinical and physiopathological aspects of benign postoperative cholestasis are recalled. One should remember, above all, that this is not an autonomous clinical entity but the sign of local or general complications which should be sought carefully.
Sem Hop 1978 Jun
PMID:[Postoperative medical icterus]. 21 10

Twelve cases of pneumococcal septicemias are studied in a department of internal medicine. These septicemias involved pneumonias often large, multilobular and bilateral, with often pleural effusion purulent or not and in one occurrence meningitis. There was three deaths by acute respiratory failure in one case of liver cirrhosis and in another case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Conditions of antibiotherapy and possible intensive care are discussed, prognosis factors as splenic insufficiency (in sickle cell anemia and after splenectomy) and immune defense against pneuococcus are recalled.
Sem Hop
PMID:[Remarks about twelve cases of pneumococcal septicemias (author's transl)]. 21 13

Authors give results about 60 laparoscopies in negro immigrants. If one excepts isolated cases of liver cirrhosis, hepatoma, staphylococcic liver abscess, lymphosarcoma or schistosomiasis of the peritoneum and twelve normal laparoscopies, the most frequent diagnosis in this peculiar group is peritoneal and/or liver tuberculosis (21 cases). Endoscopic aspects of hepato-splenic schistosomiasis are summarized. Interest of liver and/or peritoneal biopsies is underlined. Problem of liver granulomatosis may be ambiguous between schistosomiasis and tuberculosis.
Sem Hop
PMID:[Laparoscopy in black African immigrants. Apropos of 60 cases]. 21 15

In connection with 6 cases of Wilson's disease, the authors recall the main features of this hereditary metabolic disorder at late onset (usually the second decade), treatable with a chelating agent, when diagnosed at an early stage. Wilson's disease is first of all a liver disease and the authors emphasize the fact that cirrhosis is usually present when neurologic symptoms, revealing the disease in 5 cases, appear, even if there is no clinical or biological evidence for liver disease. In one instance hemolytic anemia and chronic active hepatitis were observed at clinical onset. Copper metabolism usually gives the key for diagnosis but its interpretation may be difficult, a normal serum ceruleoplasmin level being found in two patients and evaluated at 6% in the literature. This fact brings up the puzzling question of the pathogesis of the disease. Wilson's disease is not a simple ceruleoplasmin synthesis defect, but a lysosomal disease responsible for the lack of copper biliary excretion. This is pointed out by histochemical studies using a special rubeanic acid preparation (revealing copper deposit on the biliary side of the hepatic cell), and by electron microscopy showing lysosomal dystrophy.
Sem Hop
PMID:[Wilson's disease. A clinical and pathological study on 6 cases (author's transl)]. 22 95

Quantitative bone histomorphometry and evaluation of blood parameters have been performed in 24 patients with hepatic cirrhosis. 13 patients show osteoporosis which, in 8 of them, is associated with osteoclastic hyperactivity but without elevation of blood parathormon. All patients have hypocalcemia and 14 of them hyperosteidosis. These results are compared with data of the literature on bone morphometry and phosphocalcic metabolism during hepatic cirrhosis.
Sem Hop
PMID:[Bone in hepatic cirrhosis: morphometric and biological study (author's transl)]. 22 17

Frequent complication of advanced cirrhosis, spontaneous or in response to different causes, FRF is chiefly characterized by hyponatraemia, progressive azotaemia, hyperkalaemia and severe oliguria. Its functional nature is proved but its mechanism remains doubtful: it may be due to decreased "effective" plasma volume or renal arteriolar constriction. Its treatment is disappointing and in spite of new technics, gives only transitory improvements.
Sem Hop
PMID:[Functional renal failure (FRF) in cirrhosis (author's transl)]. 23 40

In cirrhotic patients, the authors studied the modification of the pharmacokinetics of ampicillin in the plasma and in the ascitic fluid, as well as its concentration in the urine. The influence of the jaundice, the ascites and diuretics were studied. In cirrhosis, dilution and elimination of the antibiotic are modified, as is shown by the increase in T 1/2 alpha and T 1/2 beta. These anomalies seem to be due essentially to modifications in the distribution volume; the degree of hepatocellular insufficiency does not appear to be of importance. The ascites acts as an independent compartment, into which the antibiotic's passage is slight. The practical consequences are the following: less frequent injections, increasing of the fractionated doses, in situ injections of ampicillin in cases of infection of the ascitic liquid.
Sem Hop
PMID:[Metabolism and kinetics of ampicillin elimination in cirrhosis. Therapeutical consequences (author's transl)]. 624 68

The authors report 4 cases of encapsulating perihepatitis, the macroscopic appearance of which corresponded to the morphological definition of the condition. The circumstances surrounding the diagnosis were very variable: association of ascites and porial hypertension, sub-obstructive syndrome due to associated encapsulating peritonitis, chance discovery at laparotomy or an unexpected finding at autopsy. The diagnosis was made pre-operatively in 2 cases by peritoneoscopy. All the patients had portal hypertension with, in particular, evidence of oesophageal varices. Three patients were treated surgically: hepatic decortication in all cases, combined in one another with umbilico-caval anastomosis. In all cases, the underlying perihepatic matrix produced epiglissonian fibrosis. However the inderlying hepatic lesions varied, ranging from definite cirrhosis to mild fibrosis. In one case, cirrhosis was associated with a hepato-cholangioma with nodular metastatic spread. The prognosis depended essentially upon the effects of general condition and the severity of hepatic lesions. In the light of cases reported over the past twenty years, the authors review the various clinical, pathogenic and therapeutic aspects of encapsulating perihepatitis.
Sem Hop
PMID:[Encapsulating perihepatitis. Report of four cases (author's transl)]. 625 94


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