Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activities of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLD) were determined in liver biopsy specimens and sera of patients with various liver diseases. Mitochondrial and cytosol isozymes of GOT were also separated for their assay. The activity ratio of GOT/GPT in serum was found to reflect the ratio in liver cytosol. The increased ratio in advanced or severe liver diseases, such as liver cirrhosis, was due to the greater decrease in liver cytosol GPT activity, this being pronounced in primary hepatoma. The activity of GLD decreased similarly but less markedly. The relatively greater decrease in GPT compared with GOT in advanced liver diseases was not mainly due to leakage of the enzyme from the liver, but to a specific mechanism associated with hepatic injury or its progression. Other pathological conditions of the liver such as those in obstructive jaundice and alcoholic liver injury also appeared to result in reduced liver GPT activity, which was reflected in the serum as an increased GOT/GPT ratio.
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PMID:The mechanism of release of hepatic enzymes in various liver diseases. II. Altered activity ratios of GOT to GPT in serum and liver of patients with liver diseases. 16 Jan 82

Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), mitochondrial GOT (GOTm), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamate dehydrogenase activities were determined in 43 healthy controls and in 280 cases of liver diseases. A simplified column chromatographic method coupled with UV assay was employed for separation of GOTm. The activity was measured by following decrease in abosrbance of NADH at 340 nm. The lowest activity of GOTm determined with a coefficient of variation below 10% was 6 mIU/ml. High GOTm activities were found in acute hepatitis (acute stage), subacute hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis and were generally associated with high total GOT (GOTt) activities. The activity ratio of GOTm/GOTt varied depending on the stage and severity of liver diseases. The GOTm/GOTt ratio was decreased in acute, fulminant and subacute hepatitides. No significant reduction in the ratio was found in bile duct obstruction, alcoholic liver injury or metastatic liver cancer. Although relatively high GOTm/GOTt ratios were found in some patients with severe hepatic injury, they had no definite association with poor prognosis. These results indicate that the marked elevation in GOTt over GPT in advanced chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and primary hepatoma was mainly due to preferential leakage of cytoplasmic GOT (GOTs).
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PMID:The mechanism of the release of hepatic enzymes in various liver diseases. 1. Alterations in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzyme activities in serum. 22 31

Glycylprolyl beta-naphthylamidase activities in sera from 40 normal subjects (18-81 years) were: 22.6 +/- 0.9 (S.E.) (11.8-38.2) I.U./1 serum at 37 degrees C. The enzyme activities did not differ significantly with age between the younger group under 40-years-old and the older group over 40-years-old. Males, especially under 40-years-old, had slight but significantly higher activities than females. The levels were decreased in patients with gastric cancer. The levels were elevated in patients with hepatobiliary diseases, and had significant correlations with the results of the serum tests in hepatic diseases such as glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin, but had no correlation with serum lactate dehydrogenase. In cellulose acetate electrophoresis, normal sera had a single peak at the beta-globulin region, but the sera in hepatitis or liver cirrhosis showed not only an increase in the normal peak at the beta-globulin region but also the appearance of the other one or two new peaks in the alpha1 and alpha2-globulin regions.
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PMID:Glycylprolyl beta-naphthylamidase activity in human serum. 114 81

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in Japan was compared clinicopathologically with the occurrence in the U.S.A. ALD found in Japan was more frequently complicated by other hepatic diseases including non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis than ALD found in the U.S.A. (9.9% versus 21.9%). Patients with such complications were excluded from this study. The chief complaints of the total of 51 alcoholics studied in the U.S.A. were abdominal distension or jaundice and those of 98 alcoholics studied in Japan were non-specific: general fatigue, weakness or appetite loss. The U.S. patients exhibited more elevated levels of serum bilirubin (8.1 +/- 7.5 versus 1.9 +/- 2.4 mg/dl, mean +/- SD) and a higher incidence of leukocytosis (49.0% versus 5.1%). While the serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) levels were not significantly different between the two groups (146.5 +/- 116.8 versus 140.8 +/- 147.7 IU/L), the serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels among Japanese alcoholics were higher (38.6 +/- 31.4 versus 87.4 +/- 99.1 IU/L) and in about one quarter of these patients, serum GPT was higher than serum GOT, a feature not seen in the patients in the U.S.A. Comparative histopathologic study of 337 U.S. patients and 210 Japanese patients disclosed a higher frequency of cirrhosis (46.9% versus 33.8%), the presence of Mallory bodies (58.5% versus 13.8%) and marked neutrophilic exudation (45.1% versus 6.2%). Thus, the majority of Japanese alcoholics exhibited progression of liver disease, eventually leading to cirrhosis, due to hepatocellular drop-out and fibrosis caused by a mechanism different from alcoholic hepatitis. In addition, ALD in the U.S.A. revealed more striking extension of fibrosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The characteristics of alcoholic liver disease in Japan. Clinicopathologic comparison with alcoholic liver disease in the United States. 369 16

Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is a poorly understood condition in which total liver failure occurs and is thought to be caused by a variety of conditions including Reye's syndrome, hepatitis, drug overdoses, and vascular insufficiency. While this condition is an uncommon one, it carries with it a high fatality rate and must therefore be diagnosed as rapidly as possible. Six patients have been observed over a two-year period with biopsy and/or autopsy-confirmed FHF: one with acute hepatitis B-delta; three with histories of alcoholism, two of them with cirrhosis; one with acute tylenol overdose; and one with hepatic vascular insufficiency. All of these patients, except one, exhibited a rapid, fatal downhill course after onset of symptoms. In all of these patients, a consistent elevation was observed in serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) such that the ratio of AST to ALT was significantly greater than 1 and in serum levels of ammonia. Other liver function tests were found to be abnormal but not in so consistent a pattern, although total protein and albumin were found to be significantly decreased in all of these patients. The stereotypical elevation of the transaminases with high AST-to-ALT ratios and the rise in ammonia appear to characterize this life-threatening illness most reliably.
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PMID:Serum analyte pattern characteristic of fulminant hepatic failure. 820 19

A study was made of the dental findings in 100 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) by examining the number of carious, missing and filled teeth. A significantly greater number of carious and missing teeth were observed in the patients with cirrhosis than in a control group of 50 healthy individuals. In the LC group, caries were found to affect more teeth in those patients with alcohol-induced LC than in those with liver disease of other causes. Finally, no relationship was observed between the number of carious, missing or filled teeth and certain determinations including serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphate, platelet number, hepatitis B and C positivity markers, or antinuclear (ANA), antimitochondrial (AMA) or anti-smooth muscle autoantibodies (ASm).
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PMID:Dental findings in patients with liver cirrhosis. A study of 100 cases. 920 45

N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) has excellent solvent properties and is used intensively in the production of synthetic leather and resins. It has caused hepatoxicity in human and animal studies. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus infections are reported to be the major causes of chronic liver diseases (including liver cirrhosis and liver cancer) in Taiwan. This study examined the dose-response relationship of the observed abnormal liver function among the DMF-exposed workers and the interactions among DMF, other chemical exposures, HBV infection, and potential confounders on liver abnormalities. The average DMF exposure concentration was 11.6 ppm (median, 5.9 ppm; range, 0.1 to 86.6 ppm); 65 of 176 workers (36.9%) had high (> 10 ppm) DMF exposure, 37 (21%) had middle (> 5 ppm, < or = 10 ppm) exposure, and 74 (42%) had low (< or = 5 ppm) exposure. There were 24 of 65 abnormal liver function test results (LFTs) (36.9%) (elevations of either glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, or gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) among the workers with high DMF exposure, 10 of 37 abnormal LFTs (27%) among workers with middle DMF exposure, and 11 of 74 abnormal LFTs (22%) among workers with low DMF exposure. Compared with the workers having low DMF exposure, the HBV, drinking, body mass index (BMI), sex, duration of employment, epichlorohydrin, and toluene exposure adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (and 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for abnormal LFTs were 1.62 (0.61, 4.28) for workers with middle DMF exposure and 2.93 (1.27, 6.8) for those with high DMF exposure, and there was a significant dose response between DMF exposure and the prevalence of abnormal LFTs (P = 0.006). There were significant associations between abnormal LFTs and HBV carriers (adjusted OR: 3.11; 95% CI: 1.29, 7.5; P = 0.01) and between abnormal LFTs and increased BMI (adjusted OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.02, 4.72; P = 0.041). Ultrasonography showed significant associations between chronic liver diseases and HBV carrier status, increased BMI, and high cumulative (> 100 ppm-years) DMF exposure (respectively, adjusted OR: 9.58, 95% CI: 1.79, 51.4, P = 0.007; adjusted OR: 13.2, 95% CI: 1.32, 132, P = 0.025; and adjusted OR: 6.2, 95% CI: 1.14, 34.1, P = 0.032). Drinking and BMI were significantly associated with fatty liver (respectively, adjusted OR: 4.9, 95% CI: 1.39, 17.3, P = 0.012; and adjusted OR: 7.93, 95% CI: 1.6, 39.3, P = 0.01). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that (1) a significant dose-response relationship existed between liver function abnormalities and DMF exposure among workers in Taiwan, (2) HBV carrier status or increased BMI had synergistic effects with DMF in causing liver abnormalities (abnormal LFTs and clinical chronic liver diseases).
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PMID:Abnormal liver function associated with occupational exposure to dimethylformamide and hepatitis B virus. 1138 83

The annual statistical survey conducted at the end of 2000 by the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy collected responses from 3358 (99.94%) of 3360 institutions. Japan's total dialysis patient population at the end of the year 2000, as identified by this survey, was 206,134, an increase of 8921 (4.5%) over 1999. This translates to 1624.1 patients per million population. The annual crude mortality rate was 9.4% for the period starting at the end of the year 1999 and ending at the end of the year 2000. The mean patient age at the initiation of dialysis treatment was 63.8 (+/- 13.9; +/- SD) years; the mean age of the overall dialysis patient population was 61.2 years (+/- 13.3). Both these mean ages, which had been increasing since 1983, again continued to increase. Among the primary diagnosis, the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy had continued to increase again since 1999, to 36.6%, whereas that of chronic glomerulonephritis had continued to decline, down to 32.5%, during the same one-year period since the 1999 survey. The 2000 years-end survey incorporated the following additional variables for the first time: usage of oral antihypertensives, pre- and post-dialysis systolic and diastolic blood pressures, serum HDL cholesterol level, types and dosage of oral Vitamin D analogs administered, dosage of oral calcium carbonate administered, history of intervention for peripheral vascular disease (bypass surgery, synthetic graft replacement, stenting), history of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), history of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), whether stenting had been previously performed for the treatment of ischemic heart disease, number of cigarettes smoked, the type of vascular access used at the initiation of dialysis, and the year and month the vascular access was created. The survey results indicate that 60.9% of the total dialysis patient population was using oral antihypertensives. The patients' mean serum HDL cholesterol level was 47.65 +/- 18.47 mg/dL, showing positive correlation with serum albumin level and reverse correlation with body mass index. 1.6% of all dialysis patients had previously undergone amputation, and 0.7% had a history of bypass surgery for peripheral vascular disorder. 4.5% of hemodialysis patients had a history of cardiac infarction, 1.6% had previously undergone CABG, and 2.8%, PTCA. At the time the survey was conducted, 2.0% of all dialysis patients were undergoing oral Vitamin D analog pulse therapy, and 6% were undergoing intravenous Vitamin D analog pulse therapy. A history of amputation, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, and cerebral bleeding were identified as high-risk factors of vital prognosis. Additionally, high mortality risk was associated with the following: glutamic-pyruvic transaminase levels exceeding 20 IU/L; positive HCV antibody status; comorbid conditions such as hepatic cell carcinoma and liver cirrhosis; platelet counts below 100,000/mL or equal to or greater than 200,000/mL; C-reactive protein levels of 0.2 mg/dL and higher, leukocyte counts of less than 3000/mL or equal to or greater than 8000/mL; and body mass index of below 22 kg/m2, as well as total serum cholesterol levels of below 160 mg/dL or equal to or greater than 260 mg/dL.
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PMID:The current state of chronic dialysis treatment in Japan (as of December 31, 2000). 1292 Nov 11

The aim of this study was to elucidate the antioxidant properties of fucoidan extracts (FE) against CCl(4)-induced oxidative stress by monitoring the levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Female, Sparague-Dowley rats were administered with FE (100 mg/kg daily) for 14 days and CCl(4) on the 15'th day, 12 h before they were sacrificed. The levels of GOT, GPT, ALP and LDH in serum of rats, as well as the levels of MDA, SOD, CAT and GPx in total liver homogenate were analyzed. CCl(4)-treatment was found to increase the levels of GOT, GPT, ALP, LDH and MDA, as well as decrease levels of SOD, CAT and GPx significantly. The pre-treatment of rats with FE, however, suppressed the increment of levels of GOT, GPT, ALP, LDH and MDA, as well as recovered the levels of SOD, CAT and GPx in CCl(4)-treated rats. Moreover there was a significant decrease in incidences of necrosis and cirrhosis in the liver tissue of FE-treated rats. These results implied that FE possessed antioxidant properties against CCl(4)-induced oxidative stress.
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PMID:The effects of fucoidan extracts on CCl(4)-induced liver injury. 1848 Oct 19

Alcohol liver disease (ALD) is a major health problem worldwide. After heart disease and cancer, alcoholism is the world's biggest health problem and most deaths attributed to alcoholism are caused by cirrhosis of the liver. Results show that LlVINA, a poly herbal liquid formulation was effective in blunting ethanol-induced enhanced activities of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), level of serum bilirubin (both total and direct), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum total cholesterol, liver weight loss and was also effective in reducing ethanolinduced lipid peroxidation. Results of hepatocellular damage caused by ethanol and its recovery by LIVINA, suggest that itmight be consideredas apotentialsource of naturalhepatoprotective agent.
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PMID:Protective effect of livina, a polyherbal liquid formulation against ethanol induced liver damage in rats. 2255 15


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