Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have evaluated the histological progression of liver disease in 29 untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C. All patients were positive to antibodies to hepatitis C virus by ELISA2 and RIBA2. Two liver biopsies were carried out for each patient, with an interval ranging between 12 and 126 months (mean 50.2 +/- 30.7). In all cases the usual histological classification was applied and the histological activity index scoring system according to Knodell et al. was determined. Fifteen cases worsened (51.7%), 12 cases showed no histological changes (41.4%) and two patients improved (6.9%). Cirrhosis was found in five patients (18.5%) in the second liver biopsy. Epidemiological, clinical, biochemical and histological progression and the group with impairment in liver histology. Factors related to histological worsening were: more advanced age (p = 0.002), high levels of aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.04), high global histological activity index (p = 0.03) and piecemeal necrosis and bridging necrosis scores (p = 0.02) at first biopsy. The histological activity index can be applied to assess the natural history of chronic viral hepatitis, and is a good tool to evaluate the prognosis. Thus chronic hepatitis C virus infection is a histologically progressive disease in at least half the cases.
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PMID:Histological evolution of chronic hepatitis C. Factors related to progression. 752 89

Serum levels of soluble forms of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 (sLFA-3) in 122 patients with chronic liver disease including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Serum levels of sICAM-1 in patients with HCC were significantly higher than those of chronic hepatitis (CH) and cirrhosis. On the other hand, serum levels of sLFA-3 in patients with HCC were almost the same as those of cirrhosis. Western blot analyses showed that molecular sizes of sICAM-1 and sLFA-3 detected in the sera were 90 kd and 50 kd, respectively, indicating that both molecules include whole extracellular domains. In patients with HCC, circulating sICAM-1 levels were significantly (P < .001) correlated with tumor volume (r = .50), total bilirubin (r = .38), serum aspartate aminotransferase levels (r = .51), and gamma-globulin (r = .63). Furthermore, serum sICAM-1 levels were significantly elevated in patients with multiple HCC (tumor number > 3) or HCC with tumor embolus in the first branch or trunk of portal vein. Survival periods were analyzed in relation to serum sICAM-1 levels in patients with HCC who had been treated by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The HCC patients with < 1,000 ng/mL of serum ICAM-1 showed significantly (P = .0005) longer survival than those with higher levels of the molecule. The same results were obtained when only patients with moderately differentiated HCC were analyzed (P = .02). Analyses by Cox's proportional hazard model showed that sICAM-1 is a significant (P = .032) prognostic factor for patients with HCC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Serum concentration of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma is a marker of the disease progression and prognosis. 754 36

Forty two cases of confirmed hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with available liver histology were studied. Most patients, 23 of 42 (55%) had abnormal liver function tests but 19 of 42 (45%) had persistently normal liver transaminases (mean aspartate transaminase (AST) 24.1 IU/l, mean follow up 10 months). Histological examinations in the group with normal AST activities were normal in two of 19 (11%), showed non-specific reactive hepatitis in eight of 19 (42%), chronic persistent hepatitis in six of 19 (31%), and chronic active hepatitis in three of 19 (16%). Twenty three of 42 (55%) had either persistently or temporary raised liver transaminases (mean AST 96.2 IU/l, mean follow up 16 months). Histological examinations in this second group with abnormal liver biochemistry showed reactive hepatitis in five of 23 (22%), chronic persistent hepatitis in six of 23 (26%), chronic active hepatitis in 10 of 23 (43%), and cirrhosis in two (9%). Average alcohol intake was significantly higher in the group within abnormal liver function (17.8 v 6.4 units, p = 0.01). Although serious pathology was more frequent in the abnormal transaminase group, significant liver pathology (chronic persistent hepatitis or chronic active hepatitis) was found in nine of 19 (47%) of cases with repeatedly normal transaminases. Liver biopsy is advised in all cases of chronic hepatitis C infection to accurately assess both the degree of fibrosis and the current activity of the disease.
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PMID:Liver histology in hepatitis C infection: a comparison between patients with persistently normal or abnormal transaminases. 755 81

Morbid obesity has been associated with hepatic steatosis and occasional cirrhosis. Despite producing weight loss, intestinal bypass procedures formerly performed to correct morbid obesity, often worsened steatosis and fibrosis, and occasionally resulted in hepatic failure. Current surgical procedures of choice for morbid obesity involve gastric bypass with gastrojejunostomy. Ninety-one liver biopsies taken at the time of gastric bypass for morbid obesity (mean body weight 125.8 kg), and 106 biopsies taken from the same patients from 2 to 61 months later (mean body weight 89.4 kg) were studied. Steatosis and perisinusoidal fibrosis were assessed in histologic sections. Serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin levels were measured before most biopsies were taken. Both pre- and post-gastric bypass hepatic steatosis varied directly with body weight (r = .5231, P < .001). Steatosis varied inversely with length of time after gastric bypass (r = .4590, P < .001). Of the original biopsies, 37% had lipid vacuoles in at least 26% of hepatocytes. After gastric bypass, 65 patients had reduced steatosis, 18 patients with no steatosis, and 5 patients with minimal steatosis had no change, and 3 patients had increased steatosis. Pre-gastric bypass biopsies from 13 patients had perisinusoidal fibrosis (PSF) that was marked with bridging in three patients, was moderate in one patient, and slight in nine patients. Following gastric bypass, PSF was eliminated in 10 patients, reduced in one patient, and the same in two patients. One patient developed PSF after gastric bypass. Of the three patients who had undergone previous intestinal bypass procedures, two had slight PSF in the biopsies taken at the time of gastric bypass, and one of these had slight PSF in the follow-up biopsy. Serum biochemical abnormalities tended to be slight. Before gastric bypass, serum albumin was low in 11% of cases, alkaline phosphatase was high in 14% of cases, AST was high in 11% of cases, and total bilirubin was high in 1% of cases. After gastric bypass, there was a small reduction in mean serum albumin from 43 g/L before to 41 g/L afterward (P < .05), and a slight rise in mean total bilirubin from 7.0 mumol/L before to 9.6 mu mol/L afterward (P < .01). Most hepatic fatty change and probably some PSF occurring in morbidly obese persons is reduced or eliminated with weight loss following gastric bypass surgery.
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PMID:Regression of hepatic steatosis in morbidly obese persons after gastric bypass. 761 Nov 76

The pharmacokinetic behavior of glycyrrhizin in four patients with acute hepatitis (hepatitis group) and six patients with liver cirrhosis (cirrhosis group) receiving chronically an IV administration of a 120 mg dose once a day or once every other day of glycyrrhizin was investigated. The plasma concentration of glycyrrhizin declined monoexponentially in both groups. The elimination half-life (t1/2) for glycyrrhizin in the hepatitis and cirrhosis groups varied significantly in the range of 2.7-7.6 h and 6.2-40.1 h, and the total body clearance (CLtot) in the range of 2.8-23.2 mL h-1 kg-1 and 1.4-12.9 mL h-1 kg-1, respectively. The t1/2 for glycyrrhizin in the hepatitis and the cirrhosis groups was about twice and eight times that in normal subjects, respectively, as reported previously, and CLtot values were about 0.7 and 0.23 times that in normal subjects, respectively. There was significant correlation between the CLtot and hepatic function (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum) in both patient groups. With improvement of the liver function, the CLtot for glycyrrhizin increased from 2.8 ml h-1 kg-1 to 11.4 mL h-1 kg-1, and the t1/2 shortened from 7.6 h to 3.4 h. These findings indicated that the variation of pharmacokinetic behaviour of glycyrrhizin in both groups was closely related to the extent of the liver function.
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PMID:The relationship between pharmacokinetic behaviour of glycyrrhizin and hepatic function in patients with acute hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. 771 Dec 80

Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) is probably released from a variety of cells, including leukocytes and endothelial cells at sites of inflammation or in the circulation, and serum levels may therefore be used to give an indication of immune activation and inflammatory processes. In the present study, an ELISA was used to measure serum ICAM-1 levels in 43 patients with chronic hepatitis C and these were correlated with histological changes in the liver and the response to interferon alpha treatment. Serum ICAM-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection than in normal subjects and correlated positively with the grade of histological activity, in particular the degree of portal, periportal, and lobular inflammation, but not with the presence of lymphoid aggregates. There was also a weak but significant positive correlation between sICAM-1 and serum aspartate aminotransferase activities, and sICAM-1 levels were substantially greater in patients with than those without cirrhosis. Serum ICAM-1 levels fell significantly in 11 responders out of 19 patients treated with interferon alpha, whereas levels remained unchanged in the non-responder group. sICAM-1 levels correlate with the clinical status of patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and fall with successful interferon treatment.
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PMID:Serum intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels in chronic hepatitis C: association with disease activity and response to interferon alpha. 773 71

The records of 47 patients with no cirrhosis who underwent 56 liver resections under total vascular exclusion (TVE) for malignant tumours, both primary and secondary, were reviewed to study the effects of TVE. The mean (s.e.m.) blood loss was 1651(233) (median 1200 (range 200-8500)) ml and the mean(s.e.m.) intraoperative blood transfusion 930(100) (median 700 (range 0-2800)) ml. In 18 liver resections (32 per cent) no blood transfusion was administered. The mean(s.e.m.) postoperative hospital stay was 19.7(14.2) days. The 30-day operative mortality rate was nil but the hospital mortality rate was 4 per cent. Postoperative prothrombin time was influenced by the amount of liver resected and the duration of TVE but not by the amount of blood transfused. Postoperative serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and bilirubin were not influenced by either the amount of liver resected or the duration of TVE.
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PMID:Liver resection with total vascular exclusion for malignant tumours. 788 42

We developed a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serum ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) protein, and examined serum OCT concentrations in patients with various liver diseases. OCT concentrations were markedly elevated in cases of hepatic encephalopathy, 'acute on chronic', and those with the acute phase of acute hepatitis, moderately in chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, primary biliary cirrhosis, and slightly in those with a fatty liver. High percentages (92-98%) of patients with chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma had higher than normal concentrations of serum OCT protein. There was a close correlation with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and moderate correlations with those of mitochondrial AST, glutamate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. The OCT/ALT ratio was higher in patients with liver cirrhosis than in those with chronic hepatitis (p < 0.001), and was still higher in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (p < 0.05). In 2 patients with 'acute on chronic' disease, OCT concentrations decreased similarly with or more rapidly than AST or ALT activities after admission. In 2 patients with hepatic encephalopathy, the OCT concentrations changed similarly with AST and ALT activities. This OCT ELISA system will aid in diagnosing various liver diseases and in the follow-up of the patients, and the OCT/ALT ratio may serve for a differential diagnosis of liver diseases.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of serum ornithine carbamoyltransferase by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with liver diseases. 778 67

The goal of this study was to analyze the possibilities of 31P MR spectroscopy to detect abnormal hepatic histological changes in patients with diffuse liver disease. 31P MR spectroscopy was performed, on a 1.5 T whole-body spectrometer using an image guided localization technique (ISIS), on 38 patients with various diffuse liver diseases, who all underwent histological and serum analysis, and 22 healthy volunteers. Phosphomonoester expressed as a fraction of total phosphorus (PME/P) showed a correlation with abnormal serum aspartate transaminase (AST), histological intralobular degeneration/focal necrosis, portal inflammation, and piecemeal necrosis. We found a lower correlation for PME/P with fibrosis. It was not possible to differentiate between fibrosis and cirrhosis. In summary, 31P MR spectroscopy is a technique to detect intralobular degeneration, inflammation and necrosis and to a less extent fibrosis. No diagnostic value was found with respect to steatosis and cholangitis. Furthermore, 31P MR spectroscopy is a poor method for classifying patients into diagnostic categories.
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PMID:31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the liver: correlation with standardized serum, clinical, and histological changes in diffuse liver disease. 784 19

Chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma are the accepted sequelae of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the real natural history of HCV infection is not still well understood. To approach this problem, we investigated 91 individuals positive for antibodies against HCV (anti-HCV), who have received annual liver function examination in a local town known to have had high carrier rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCV. Among the 91 anti-HCV-positive individuals, 63 had undertaken the annual examination more than five times in the past 14 years. We analyzed retrospectively the past liver function test results of these 63 subjects and evaluated their present virological status by determining HCV genotypes and estimating quantity of HCV RNA in the sera. Among the 63 subjects, 50 (79.4%) had HCV RNA in the serum and 40 (80%) of the 50 subjects with HCV RNA had abnormal alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase level more than once in their records. However, the other 10 (20%) had no abnormal levels during the period examined. Six of 50 (12%) had ultrasonographic findings suggestive of cirrhosis. Thus, HCV-infected individuals in this area did not seem to have progressive liver diseases. Considering the advanced ages of the individuals examined (mean 64 years old), we may have observed a stage in the natural history of HCV infection in which viremia persists in most individuals and the tendency to progress to serious chronic liver disease is mild.
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PMID:A retrospective study of hepatitis C virus carriers in a local endemic town in Japan. A possible presence of asymptomatic carrier. 785 Dec 13


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