Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A clinical, biochemical, and pathological study was performed in 38 chronic HBsAg carriers. The study group is a part of 393 carriers found among 117 705 voluntary blood donors at the National Blood Bank, Hospital del Salvador, Santiago, Chile. None of the 38 carriers had a past history of illicit drug abuse, hepatitis, or work involving a high risk of hepatitis B virus infection. Ten individuals had a normal liver biopsy, 17 reactive non-specific hepatitis, one fatty changes, four chr onic persistent hepatitis, one aggressive hepatitis, two post-necrotic cirrhosis, and three alcoholic cirrhosis. There was not a close correlation between liver function test and liver histology. The most significant laboratory finding was the postivity of alpha fetoprotein in two cases. During the follow-up the two alpha fetoprotein patients presented a hepatocarcinoma 12 and 14 months after admission to the study.
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PMID:Clinical and pathological study of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers in Chile. 68 May 91

A case/control study has been carried out to determine by radioimmunoassay and passive hemagglutination techniques the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti-HBs) in patients with primary liver cancer (PLC) and age/sex-matched hospital controls with cancers of other sites (OCC) and similarly matched controls without cancer (NCC). HBsAg was found in 61.2% of 165 cases of PLC as compared to 11.7% of 328 NCC. The frequency of HBsAg in PLC patients was significantly higher (72.2%) in those with detectable alpha fetoprotein as compared to those without (40.3%). There was no difference in the frequency of HBsAg in PLC patients with and without accompanying cirrhosis. No significant difference in potential hepatitis exposure history was found in the three study groups.
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PMID:A case/control study of the association between primary liver cancer and hepatitis B infection in Senegal. 117 99

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a specific glycoprotein which is synthesised in the fetal liver and released into the blood stream together with the closely related protein, albumin. It has been proposed that AFP functions as a carrier of essential fatty acids to certain developing cells and as a possible immunosuppressor. In man its synthesis is under the strict and complicated control of transcription of a single gene on chromosome 4. The concentration of AFP in fetal serum is greatest at about 13 weeks gestation and then decreases up to birth. During pregnancy AFP passes into the amniotic fluid and also across the placenta, so that the concentration of AFP in maternal serum increases during pregnancy in a characteristic way. Greater than normal increases may indicate certain pathological states in the fetus. Serum concentrations of AFP in the newborn infant decrease rapidly to reach levels typical for adults (< 10 micrograms/L) usually by the end of the first year. Raised concentrations of serum AFP appear in a large proportion of patients with primary hepatoma and in a smaller percentage of patients with other malignant diseases (tumours of the testis, ovary, bronchi, gastrointestinal tract). In addition, increases in serum AFP are found in other illnesses accompanied by damage to hepatocytes in the liver (hepatitis, cirrhosis etc.). Certain differences in the structure of the oligosaccharide portion of the molecule have been shown between AFP synthesized by benign or by malignant cells and between AFP synthesised by hepatocytes or by cells of endodermal origin. These differences have been used as an aid in the diagnosis of liver diseases where serum AFP is elevated. Since AFP is not strictly specific for a certain type of carcinoma, its determination is primarily used in medicine for monitoring the effects of therapy and surgery on the course of malignant conditions which initially showed increased levels of serum AFP.
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PMID:[Synthesis, structure and function of alpha-fetoproteins and their importance in medicine]. 128 28

We studied all the 70 cases of liver cancer referred to us in 1988. Sixty (85.71%) were primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the other 10 (14.29%) were metastatic liver cancer. Of the 60 HCC, 48 were males and 12 females. Peak age incidence was between 20-40 years. Forty-five (75%) had tumours in both lobes. Of the remaining 15, seven had tumours in the right lobe while eight were in the left. More detailed assessment identified eight as Child's C. Seven (11.66%) had laparotomy, and two were inoperable. Three (60%) died shortly after resection, leaving two survivors. One of the survivors lived for 24 months, and the other had recurrent tumour after 26 months. The majority had cirrhosis of the liver, were positive for markers of hepatitis B virus, and showed elevated serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP). Palliative treatment was disappointing, and all were dead within 15 months. Prognosis of HCC in our environment is poor. Considering the advances made in liver surgery in recent years, our mortality and morbidity figures can improve. Notwithstanding, preventive measures should be intensified.
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PMID:Sixty cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in one year. A preliminary appraisal. 133

Alpha-fetoprotein in sera from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was fractionated into three peaks by affinity chromatography on a column of Lens culinaris agglutinin-Sepharose 4B. One peak (the first peak), which passed through the column without adsorption, was found in both healthy subjects and patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The second and third peaks were reactive with L. culinaris agglutinin and found only in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. For alpha-fetoprotein in the second and third peaks, a novel and sensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune-complex-transfer enzyme immunoassay) was developed. Alpha-fetoprotein in test serum was reacted with dinitrophenyl affinity-purified anti-alpha-fetoprotein IgG, and the complex formed was trapped onto affinity-purified (antidinitrophenyl bovine serum albumin) IgG-coated polystyrene balls. The polystyrene balls were washed to eliminate substance(s) other than alpha-fetoprotein in the test serum, and the complex was eluted from the polystyrene balls with dinitrophenyl-L-lysine. The eluted complex containing alpha-fetoprotein in the second and third peaks was trapped onto L. culinaris agglutinin-coated polystyrene balls and reacted with affinity-purified anti-alpha-fetoprotein Fab'-beta-D-galactosidase conjugate. Beta-D-galactosidase activity bound to the polystyrene balls was assayed by fluorimetry. The maximal volume of serum that could be used without interference was 20 microliters, which was 100-fold larger than that in the previous enzyme immunoassay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Novel and sensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune-complex-transfer enzyme immunoassay) for alpha-fetoprotein from hepatocellular carcinoma. 169 71

A comparative study on 150 cases of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) nonproducing primary liver cancer (PLC) in subclinical and moderate stages and 133 cases of intrahepatic solid space-occupying lesion (SOL) other than PLC was undertaken. All were operated and proven by pathology. The results indicated that in the intrahepatic SOL patients with negative serum AFP the diagnosis of PLC could be established if any one of the following items was confirmed: (1) Definite evidence of liver cirrhosis; (2) Hypoecho or inhomogeneous echo sonodensity on ultrasonography plus positive serum HBsAg; (3) Positive 99mTc-PMT liver scan (4) No overfilling of SOL on blood pool scintiscan plus positive HBsAg; (5) No enhancement after injection of contrast medium on computed tomography plus positive HBsAg. The positive rates of the above items in PLC and non-PLC groups were: (1) 73.2% vs. 0.9%, (2) 48.1% vs. 9.6%, (3) 64.3% vs. 14.3%, (4) 27.3% vs. 3.9% and (5) 34.6% vs. 0%, respectively. Statistically, these differences were significant. In conclusion, according to the above mentioned criteria, detection rate of over 90% with over 85% specificity can be obtained for AFP negative PLC.
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PMID:[Early diagnosis of alpha fetoprotein nonproducing primary liver cancer]. 169 35

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was detected, by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion technique, in 81.5% of patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. The test gave negative results with 35 cases of acute viral hepatitis, 7 haemochromatosis, 6 micronodular cirrhosis and 2 cholangiocellular carcinoma. Curiously, one patient with postnecrotic cirrhosis, a well recognized sequela of viral hepatitis, whose liver cell regeneration also showed "atypical changes", was AFP positive. AFP was not detected in sera from the general population which comprised 1029 male blood donors, 144 antenatal and 106 maternity cases. The only exception was the case of a woman who aborted a 5-month old foetus. A follow-up serum sample taken 3 months later was, however, negative for AFP. The frequency of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) detection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (25.9%) was 4 to 5 times higher than that in the general population. This strong association between HBsAg and primary liver cancer in countries where liver tumours are often AFP secretors suggests a role for hepatitis B virus, not only in the aetiology of the cancer, but also in the reactivation of the gene encoding this foetal protein.
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PMID:A study of alpha-fetoprotein in primary liver cancer in Tanzania. 172 52

In order to improve the evaluation of the frequency of alpha-fetoprotein reappearance in non-neoplastic liver disease, we assayed serum alpha-fetoprotein in 251 patients: 134 chronic alcoholics including 7 HBs Ag positive patients, 113 of whom had cirrhosis and 117 patients with chronic active hepatitis, 56 of whom were HBs Ag positive. None of these patients had any signs of hepatocellular carcinoma. Alpha-fetoprotein values above the upper normal limit (much greater than 20 ng/ml) were compared with the type of the liver disease, the serum aminotransferase activity, the usual hepatitis B-virus markers assayed by standard radioimmunology and, in 70 patients, with the results of the HBV-DNA hybridization in the liver. Abnormal alpha-fetoprotein levels were found in only 6.3 p. 100 of patients with HBs Ag negative alcoholic disease and in 17 p. 100 of patients with chronic active hepatitis, without any statistical difference concerning the presence of HBs Ag or not. Alpha-fetoprotein was more often abnormal in subjects who had hypertransaminasemia. For given values of transaminases no statistical relationship between serum alpha-fetoprotein levels and the presence of HBs Ag was observed.
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PMID:[Occurrence of increased alpha-fetoprotein in non-neoplastic hepatopathies of alcoholic or non-alcoholic origin]. 242 87

Review of 61 surgically resected small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) less than or equal to 3 cm in diameter yielded a simple gross classification system of five types based on tumor shape, which is highly correlated with microscopic and clinical features, including prognosis. Type 1 (single nodular type) tumors (n = 13) are expansile, roughly spheric, and often encapsulated. In Type 2 tumors (single nodular type with extranodular growth) (n = 21), replacing growth is often seen in the area of extranodular growth. Type 3 tumors (contiguous multinodular type) (n = 19) consist of small nodules growing in contiguity, often with replacing growth at the periphery. Type 4 (poorly demarcated nodular type) is a rare tumor showing infiltrating growth at its border. The authors define early HCC (n = 5) as the presence of tumor without destruction of the underlying liver structure. The lesions experienced are tiny (less than or equal to 1.2 cm) and well differentiated. Poorly differentiated histologic characteristics and elevated alpha fetoprotein are more common in Types 2 and 3 than in Type 1. Type 1 has the highest rates of positive serum hepatitis B surface antigen and liver cirrhosis; portal vein tumor thrombus (PT) and/or intrahepatic metastasis (IM) is rare (7.7%), and the effect of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is remarkable. This contrasts with Type 2, which has a high rate of PT and/or IM (71.4%) and multiple local recurrences (40%), and with Type 3, which shows a poor response to TAE.
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PMID:Pathology of small hepatocellular carcinoma. A proposal for a new gross classification. 243 90

The authors reviewed the cases of 19 Alaskan Natives (15 men, four women) with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosed during 1980-1985. Of these 19 patients, 16 were seropositive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was elevated in 15 patients (all were HBsAg positive). The patients ranged in age from 8 to 80 years old. Of the 19 patients, 16 were Eskimo, 13 of whom were Yupik. The annual age-adjusted (world standard) incidence of HCC for all Alaskan Natives was 9.3/100,000 for men and 2.2/100,000 for women. The tumor was resected in seven patients; six showed no recurrence of cancer 1 to 4 years after surgery. Histologic evaluation in 18 patients revealed trabecular type of HCC in 15 and acinar HCC in two others. In 16 specimens in which nontumorous liver could be studied, only six had evidence of cirrhosis; ten others showed variants of chronic persistent hepatitis.
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PMID:Primary liver cancer in Alaskan natives. 1980-1985. 244 34


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