Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The presence of alpha-1-fetoprotein, the heat stable alkaline phosphatase and Australia antigen was examined in 103 patients with porphyria cutanea tarda, 300 patients with cirrhosis and 18 patients with primary liver carcinoma. The heat stable alkaline phosphatase was determined in 46 percent of patients with porphyria cutanea tarda and in 61 percent of patients with primary liver carcinoma. Alpha-1-fetoprotein was detected in 61 percent of patients with primary liver carcinoma and in 2 patients with porphyria cutanea tarda in whom primary liver carcinoma was proved later. The simultaneous occurrence of alpha-1-fetoprotein and the heat stable alkaline phosphatase was found in 50 percent of cases with primary liver carcinoma. Neither the patients with porphyria cutanea tarda nor the patients with cirrhosis were Australia-antigen positive. Australia-antigen could be detected only in one patient with alpha-1-fetoprotein positive-carcinoma of the liver.
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PMID:Alpha-1-fetoprotein and the heat stable alkaline phosphatase in some liver diseases. 4 25

Gallium-67-citrate and 99mTc-sulfur colloid scans were performed in 38 South African blacks with primary hepatocellular cancer. Selective uptake of the radinuclide by the tumor occurred in 27 patients (70%). In 12 out of 18 patients with associated cirrhosis, 67Ga was concentrated in the defect or defects visible on the 99mTc-sulfur colloid scan, but in the remaining 6 cases (33%), the 2 scans were identical and the defects may have been attributed wrongly to cirrhosis. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was detected by immunodiffusion in the serum of 26 patients. Twenty-one of these showed selective uptake of 67Ga by the tumor as compared with 6 out of 12 patients in whom this protein could not be detected. We were therefore unable to confirm a previous finding of a greater uptake of the of the radionuclide in AFP-negative primary liver cancer.
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PMID:Gallium-67-citrate scanning in primary cancer of the liver: diagnostic value in the presence of cirrhosis and relation to alpha-fetoprotein. 5 21

Peripheral blood and hepatic tissue T- and B-lymphocyte distributions, serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) concentrations, and hepatic AFP were studied in 46 patients undergoing diagnostic percutaneous liver biopsy. The patients included 26 with alcoholic liver disease, 13 with nonalcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis, and 7 with either normal histology or minor nonspecific changes. Serum AFP was determined by radioimmunoassay and hepatic tissue AFP by indirect immunofluorescence. Peripheral blood T lymphocytes were identified by the sheep red-cell rosette technique; and B lymphocytes by fluoresceinated anti-immunoglobulin antisera and IgG aggregates. Tissue identification of T lymphocytes was accomplished using an extensively absorbed rabbit antihuman thymocyte antiserum and indirect immunofluorescence; tissue B lymphocytes were identified using pepsin F (ab')2 fragments of rabbit IgG antibodies to human immunoglobulins. T lymphocytes predominanted in hepatic lymphoid infiltrates from patients with alcoholic liver disease (91+/-4%), whereas in patients with chronic active or chronic persistant hepatitis, viral hepatitis, or cryoptogenic cirrhosis proportions of T and B lymphocytic infiltrates were similar (50+/-15%). Hepatic tissue AFP was detected in 9 of 18 patients with alcoholic hepatitis; serum AFP concentration was increased in only 1 of these 9 patients. Tissue AFP was not observed in the remaining biopsy material nor were serum AFP concentrations increased. Peripheral blood T-cell numbers were significantly decreased in patients with alcoholic liver disease (P less than 0.01) and in nonalcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis (P less than 0.025). A close relationship between peripheral blood T-lymphocytopenia and hepatic T-cell infiltrates was observed in patients with alcoholic liver disease; this relationship was less apparent in patients with nonalcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis.
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PMID:Localization of T and B cells and alpha fetoprotein in hepatic biopsies from patients with liver disease. 5 55

The frequency distribution of HBs Ag in different parts of the world reveals a relatively high frequency among healthy members of population groups inhabiting areas of high incidence of liver cell carcinoma. Similar high frequencies of HBs Ag are also found in those areas where macronodular cirrhosis is relatively common and is usually complicated by liver cell carcinoma. In geographic areas with low incidence of liver cell carcinoma and macronodular cirrhosis, a relatively low frequency of HBs Ag is usually encountered in the population. The frequency of HBs Ag is relatively higher in patients with liver cell carcinoma with or without cirrhosis than in comparable controls. The subtypes of the antigen do not correlate with the incidence of liver cell carcinoma and there is also no correlation between alpha fetoprotein and HBs Ag in the presence of liver cell carcinoma. HBs Ag is very rarely detected in patients with micronodular cirrhosis or in liver cell carcinoma which may be its complication. It would appear that HBs Ag is necrogenic in the liver and is capable of producing hepatic necroses or hepatitis which may progress to macronodular cirrhosis. The areas of hepatic necroses may either progress to liver cell carcinoma or the resultant macronodular cirrhosis may be complicated by carcinoma. The oncogenic potential of HBs Ag requires further studies.
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PMID:Hepatitis B surface antigen and liver cell carcinoma. 5 11

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was detected in the sera of adult healthy persons by the method of electrophoresis-precipitation in polyacrylamide gel; it was distinctly determined in about 50% of cases, and its concentration was not over 3ng/ml. AFP was determined all the 20 cases suffering from cirrhosis of the liver examined by the mentioned method.
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PMID:[Detection of the base level of alpha-fetoprotein in the sera of donors by the electrophoresis-precipitation of polyacrylamide gel method]. 6 Jan 49

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was determined by a new radioimmunoassay in the sera of patients with different liver diseases. Compared to a normal group (n = 140, AFP levels below 15 ng/ml), most elevated AFP concentrations were found in 18 patients with primary liver cancer (PLC), 7 of whom showed Ouchterlony-positive levels (above 10,000 ng/ml). In 3 cases with liver cirrhosis, PLC was first suggested by high AFP levels between 1000 and 3600 ng/ml and later confirmed by histology. On the other hand, only 6 from 15 patients with other primary tumors and liver metastasis had AFP concentrations between 20 and 111 ng/ml. In 90% of 102 patients with liver cirrhosis AFP levels below 20 ng/ml were determined, while 13 cases showed elevated values up to 134 ng/ml. A transitory AFP increase between 20 and 238 ng/ml was seen in 32% of 63 cases in the early stage of acute hepatitis but 65% of 31 these cases in follow-up studies. 3 of 7 cases of chronic hepatitis gave similar results. The maximal AFP levels developed following the maximal transaminase activities by 5-18 days and coincided with a decrease of cholinesterase activity. The radioimmunological determination of AFP is recommended for earlier detection of the development of PLC in liver cirrhosis patients.
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PMID:[Significance of serum alpha-fetoprotein determination. Experiences with our own radioimmunoassay]. 6 Nov 54

A radioimmunoassay method was used for the detection of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) in the sera of 112 Papua New Guinean patients who had undergone liver biopsy. Sera from 69 normal subjects and 20 hospital patients were also tested. Alpha fetoprotein was found to be elevated above normal levels in many of these subjects, but particularly in those suffering from viral hepatitis, cirrhosis and primary liver cell carcinoma (PLC). The highest values were found in patients with PLC. It is concluded that because of the elevation of AFP values in all these different types of liver disease the RIA test is not of great value in Papua New Guinea, except in the follow-up of some patients with cirrhosis who are at risk of developing PLC and in those who have undergone treatment for PLC.
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PMID:Alpha fetoprotein in liver disease in Papua New Guinea. 6 51

Alpha-fetoprotein was detected in the serum and urine of 2- to 9-mth-old rats subjected to protracted CCl4 poisoning. During the first 3 mth of the experiment, urinary excretion of AFP was found in 30-40 per cent. of the animals, increasing to 70 per cent. thereafter. The liver lesions progressed from acute parenchymal necrosis to cirrhosis, but hepatocellular carcinomas did not develop. Uptake of tritiated thymidine by the hepatocytes increased significantly but was constant throughout the experimental period. The findings are compared to the observations made during 3mDAB-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat.
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PMID:Urinary excretion of alpha-fetoprotein in rats on a cirrhogenic carbon tetrachloride regimen. 7 75

Grossly raised levels of tumour related vitamin B12 binding protein, reflected by rises in serum vitamin B12 and unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity (UBBC), were found in three of 44 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. All three were HBsAg negative and had normal serum alpha fetoprotein levels. The patients did not have underlying cirrhosis and the tumours contained characteristic intracellular inclusions. In the first patient the UBBC level fell during a partial remission induced by adriamycin therapy and in the second patient UBBC levels rose with progression of her disease. In the third patient serum B12 binding protein levels fell after tumour resection. Assay and subsequent monitoring of serum vitamin B12 and UBCC may prove valuable in the assessment and follow-up of some patients with hepatocellular carcinoma whose alpha fetoprotein levels are normal.
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PMID:Vitamin B12 binding protein as a tumour marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. 8 76

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is an alpha1-glycoprotein (M.W. about 65000) appearing in the fetal serum of most mammals including man during the early stages of pregnancy; 4 weeks after birth it disappears altogether or exists at very low concentrations as in the normal adult. AFP is formed in the yolk sac, the fetal liver and the gastro-intestinal tract. One of its physiological functions in fetal life is supposed to be the protection of the fetus from maternal oestrogens (oestrophilic property). The clinical significance of AFP is based on the regular and increasing production in primary liver cell carcinoma, less frequently in teratogenetic tumors where it serves as a control of therapy and course of the disease. Less frequent, minor and temporary increases in the AFP serum level occur in several primary tumors with secondary liver involvement, and in inflammatory gastro-intestinal diseases, e.g. of the liver (hepatitis, cirrhosis). AFP has an increasing importance in gynecology (gestational age, fetal distress syndrom, malformations, hydatidiform mole/chorion carcinoma). The physico-chemical properties of AFP are widely known. Both fetal and tumor AFP appear to be immunologically and biochemically identical, as are that of tissue and biological fluids. The differences observed (variants, microheterogeneity) depend mainly on the different content of sialic acid. An antigenetic relationship exists, between the AFP of most species. The immunodiffusion (Ouchterlony) is the most frequently used but relatively insensitive test (1-5 mug/ml) in finding AFP, whereas the radioimmunoassay is the most sensitive one (up to 0,25 ng/ml) and permits the determination of normal serum levels in adults (below 20 ng/ml). The serum concentration in healthy pregnant women lies up to 500 ng/ml, in patients with hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and other liver diseases mostly under 3 mug/ml, whereas in those with primary liver cell carcinoma levels up to and above 600 mg-percent have been found.
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PMID:[Carcinofetal antigens. I. alpha-fetoprotein (author's transl)]. 16 80


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