Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was performed to investigate modifications in the serum bilirubin forms, hepatobiliary enzymes, and some glycoproteic substances in patients during the course of extrahepatic cholestasis (stage A) and following its clinical resolution (stage B). The series consisted of 16 patients: 11 had main bile duct stones; two, benign stenosis of the main bile duct; and three, main bile duct cancer. Cholestasis resolved spontaneously in one case, under endoscopy in two, and following surgery in 13. Five patients with liver cirrhosis and a picture of intrahepatic cholestasis following anesthesia were also investigated. Serum bilirubin forms were measured using van den Bergh's method and the alkaline methanolysis-HPLC procedure; the mono- and di-conjugated forms were considered together in the overall evaluation of the results. The hepatobiliary enzymes (ALP, GGT, and AST) were increased at stage A and significantly decreased at stage B. Similar patterns were observed in total (TB), unconjugated (UB), and conjugated bilirubin (CB) and in the percentage of CB out of TB (% CB). In the majority of patients, % CB at stage B was lower than at stage A, whereas in subjects with a high initial UB value, a different % CB pattern was observed. The direct bilirubin percentage (% DB), on the other hand, had a different pattern, and the variations between stages A and B were not significant. The pathophysiological bilirubin pattern was similar in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis. At stage A, in a number of patients the levels of glycoproteic substances (CA 19-9, TPA and ferritin) were raised, but at stage B they tended to decrease towards the normal range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Alterations in bilirubin metabolism during extra- and intrahepatic cholestasis. 160 Mar 31

The aim of this study was to elucidate the positive rate of serum anti-HCV in alcoholic (with negative HBsAg and without blood transfusion history) and non-alcoholic (type-B and type-NANB) patients with chronic liver diseases. The clinico-pathological difference between anti-HCV positive and negative alcoholic patients was also investigated. Anti-HCV (Chiron C-100-3) was assayed with Ortho EIA kit in 196 patients. Liver function tests and the histological findings were evaluated in 111 cases of chronic hepatitis (CH) and 39 of liver cirrhosis (LC). Following results were obtained. [1] Positive rate of serum anti-HCV in alcoholic patients was 40% in CH, 36% in LC and 100% in hepatocellular carcinoma. In non-alcoholic type-NANB group, it was 75%, 68% and 69%, respectively. [2] Serum GGT/ALT ratio was higher in anti-HCV negative patients than positive patients both in CH and LC alcoholics. In non-alcoholic group, it was higher in type-NANB patients than type-B patients. [3] Among the histological findings in CH alcoholics, lymph follicles in the portal area were characteristic in anti-HCV positive patients, while these were not seen in negative patients. [4] In LC alcoholics, regenerative nodules were irregular in size in anti-HCV positive patients, while these were even and small in negative patients. [5] Serum HCV-RNA was detected in two out of 14 anti-HCV negative patients. [6] A female alcoholic patient who showed positive serum anti-HCV and negative HCV-RNA was presented. [7] For the evaluation of the influence of HCV in alcoholics, further studies have to be continued with more sensitive HCV markers.
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PMID:[Positive rate of serum anti-HCV in various liver diseases and the clinico-pathological study of chronic liver disease in alcoholics]. 166 37

We produced monoclonal antibodies (mABs) against human integrins. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that each mAB bound to different antigenic determinants. We then developed sandwich-type enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) to measure the concentration of fibronectin receptor (FNR) and vitronectin receptor (VNR). Serum immunoreactive integrin levels were measured using these EIAs in various liver and malignant diseases. In almost all cases of liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), serum integrin levels were significantly elevated, but were in the normal range in gastric, colon, lung cancer, and acute hepatitis (AH). The correlation between serum FNR and VNR levels was statistically significant in all cases of liver disease, and no correlation was observed between these integrin levels and conventional biochemical markers such as AST, ALT, and GGT. The serum integrin levels were demonstrated to be a potential diagnostic marker for hepatic fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis, and these sandwich EIAs could be useful for determination of these integrins in clinical laboratory tests.
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PMID:Sandwich enzyme immunoassay for serum integrins using monoclonal antibodies. 172 78

The authors report 24 cases of diffuse nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver (DNRH) seen in a General Hospital during the last 9 years (prevalence: 3'1/100,000, incidence: 0'34/100,000). DNRH was diagnosed in 0.52% of the liver biopsies and 0.72 of the autopsies. These results suggest that DNHR is probably more frequent than suspected, and 1 DNRH was seen for each 39 biopsied cases of liver cirrhosis. Fourteen patients did not have hepatic symptoms. Portal hypertension was present in 9 cases. The biochemical disturbance most frequently found was a moderate elevation of GGT and APh, associated with slight elevation of SGOT, SGPT and bilirubin levels. Normal liver function tests could be seen (3 cases). Previous exposure to potentially hepatotoxic drugs or chemicals was discovered in 15 cases (62.5%). Diseases associated were circulatory disturbances (6 cases), autoimmune disease (5 cases), hemopathies (5 cases), and visceral carcinomas (4 cases). Two patients were recipients of renal transplant. Nodules distributed through the whole liver tissue were found in 16 cases, while 8 patients showed areas of normal parenchyma in their livers. Impairment of small hepatic vessels was detected in 16 cases. Some uneven cytologic findings were discovered: clusters of small basophilic cells (4 cases), large clear cells (8 cases), and dysplastic hepatocytes (10 cases), which suggests that DNRH could be a preneoplastic condition.
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PMID:Diffuse nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver (DNRH). A clinicopathologic study of 24 cases. 258 40

Neopterin is a pyrazino-pyrimidine compound which is biosynthesized by macrophages. Increased concentrations of neopterin have been reported in conditions causing a stimulation of cellular immunity, such as viral and other infections, graft versus host disease, autoimmune disease and different malignancies. Recently, urinary neopterin levels have been found increased in patients with acute viral hepatitis and NANB chronic hepatitis. In the present study, neopterin serum levels have been measured in 23 cirrhotic patients (6 HBV related, and 17 cryptogenetic cirrhosis, 7 of them occurring in alcoholic subjects) and in 24 normal subjects. Mean values of serum neopterin were significantly increased in cirrhotics (3.92 +/- 3.28 ng/ml versus 1.24 +/- 0.51 ng/ml in controls, p less than 0.01). Serum neopterin values were not found to be significantly different in cirrhotics assessed in three different clinical classes according to Child's classification and in cirrhotics with and without serological findings of active disease. In fact, in cirrhotic patients, serum neopterin levels did not correlate with the values of serum AST, ALT, ALP, GGT and gamma-globulin. These data show that increased levels of serum neopterin occur in cirrhotic patients, but there is no relation between serum neopterin values and the activity or the clinical severity of the disease. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that activated macrophages are involved in all stages of liver cirrhosis irrespective of its aetiology.
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PMID:Serum neopterin levels in liver cirrhosis. 263 48

Total GGT and GGT complexed with low-density-lipoprotein plus very low-density lipoprotein (LDL + VLDL) have been evaluated in sera from 53 healthy subjects, 23 patients with chronic hepatitis, 87 with liver cirrhosis and 50 with liver tumors (primary and metastatic). A cut-off of 20 U/l of GGT complexed with LDL + VLDL results in a diagnostic sensitivity of 84% for liver tumor patients, and a diagnostic specificity of about 80% towards the two groups of patients affected by cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis. This test, because of its high diagnostic efficiency, is a useful addition to the battery of laboratory tests that serve to discriminate cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis from liver malignancies.
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PMID:Diagnostic efficiency in discriminating liver malignancies from cirrhosis by serum gamma-glutamyltransferase isoforms. 290 21

Cirrhosis of the liver is characterized by glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinaemia. It is considered an insulin resistant state with both a receptor and a post-receptor defect of insulin activity. It would appear that reduced hepatic degradation rather than increased B-cell production is responsible for hyperinsulinaemia. The effect of surgical portosystemic shunt on insulin resistance was studied in 18 cirrhotics with impaired glucose tolerance (12 males, 6 females; mean age 46.9 +/- 0.7 years) by measuring: glucose production (3H-glucose infusion), glucose utilisation (euglycaemic clamp at approximately 100, approximately 1000 and approximately 10,000 microU/1), plasma insulin and C-peptide levels, and liver function indices (serum bilirubin, albumin, ALT, GGT) before and 2 months after surgery. Liver sorbitol clearance was also employed to measure variations in the functional liver plasma flow induced by the shunt. No significant changes were noted in: glucose production (1.94 +/- 0.17 SEM vs 1.96 +/- 0.17 mg/kg/min), glucose utilisation (metabolic clearance rate: 3.32 +/- 0.48 vs 3.42 +/- 0.43 at approximately microU/ml; 9.70 +/- 1.0 vs 9.16 +/- 0.9 at approximately 1000 microU/ml; 10.92 +/- 1.1 vs 11.07 +/- 0.8 ml/kg/min at approximately 10 000 microU/ml), fasting plasma insulin, C-peptide and C-peptide/insulin molar ratio (4.66 +/- 0.47 vs 5.50 +/- 0.54), and the liver function indices. By contrast, there was a significant decrease in functional liver plasma flow (813 +/- 34 vs 604 +/- 34 ml/min, P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Insulin resistance in human liver cirrhosis is not modified by porto-systemic surgical shunt. 352 84

To assess the renal tubular damage in liver cirrhosis the fractional clearances of beta-2-microglobulin (B2m-fr.cl) and malate-dehydrogenase (MDH-fr.cl) were measured respectively in sixty-four and in forty-six out of seventy-nine patients with liver cirrhosis of different aetiology; furthermore the fractional excretions of gammaglutamyl-transpeptidase (fr-GGT) and of alpha-glucosidase (fr-AGL) were determined in fifty-three and in forty of them respectively. In all patients glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) were also measured. Twenty-five subjects were studied as a control group for the enzyme excretions, sixteen for B2m-fr.cl. B2m-fr.cl and MDH-fr.cl--indexes of tubular functions--on the average were normal and only slightly increased respectively in cirrhotics compared to controls. Nevertheless fr-GGT and fr-AGL--indexes of cytolysis of tubular cells--on the average were massively increased in cirrhosis compared to controls, particularly in those with reduced RPF and/or GFR. No clear relationship between the indexes of tubular damage studied and the indexes of liver function was found. Our results show that (1) A renal tubular anatomical damage was found by means of an increase in the release of enzyme from tubular cells in patients with liver cirrhosis, particularly in those with a significant reduction of RPF and/or GFR; even so renal reabsorption of low molecular weight proteins is generally maintained. (2) The tubular damage does not seem to be related to the degree of liver impairment.
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PMID:Evaluation of renal tubular damage in liver cirrhosis by urinary enzymes and beta-2-microglobulin excretions. 616 70

The activity of L-GGT (EC 2.4.1.66), an enzyme catalyzing the intracellular biosynthesis of collagen, was determined in human primary hepatic cancer, acute viral hepatitis and cirrhotic liver tissues and compared to the mean level of enzyme activity in normal human liver tissues. The mean levels of L-GGT activity in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC), acute viral hepatitis and cirrhotic tissues were 7.78, 2.69 and 2.16 times the mean level of enzyme activity in normal human liver tissues. The mean level of L-GGT activity in PHC was 3.61 times the mean level of L-GGT activity in cirrhosis and 2.90 times the mean value of liver enzyme activity in acute viral hepatitis. The findings in this study provide a basis for the highly elevated serum values of this intracellular enzyme in patients with primary hepatic cancer and the data indicate that L-GGT activity may be increased in primary liver cancer to compensate for an increased rate of collagen synthesis.
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PMID:Elevation of liver-galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase activity in human primary hepatocellular carcinoma. 631 46

Alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) is a proteinase inhibitor. Cells synthesizing A2M are in first-order hepatocytes and in second-order activated Ito cells (in culture starting at day 4-5 after seeding). This study was undertaken in 525 alcoholic patients with different histological stages of alcoholic liver disease to assess if the A2M could improve the diagnostic value of PGA index for detection of cirrhosis or fibrosis among drinkers, particularly in patients without clinical symptoms of liver failure and portal hypertension, and to assess the specific correlation of serum A2M with the score of liver fibrosis adjusted for steatosis and alcoholic hepatitis and thereafter adjusted for GGT, PT, and ApoA1, the three components of the PGA index. In 525 alcoholic patients, we have demonstrated the independent diagnostic value of A2M. The predictive values of the weighted score, using linear discriminant function combining PT, GGT, ApoA1 and A2M of the PGAA score and of the PGA score were assessed in a training step and validated in a second step. Then, 316 alcoholic clinically asymptomatic patients were studied. In these patients, the discriminant function permitted correct classification of 72% of patients. The PGAA index had comparable diagnostic value with 70% of patients correctly classified. On the other hand, the PGA index including only PT, GGT, and ApoA1 had classified correctly less patients (65%) than the discriminant function and the PGAA index (P < 0.01). For a value of 7, PGAA had 79% specificity and 89% sensitivity for the diagnosis of cirrhosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Alpha-2-macroglobulin and hepatic fibrosis. Diagnostic interest. 752 68


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