Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Salicylamide glucuronide (SAMG) in 0-6 and 6-12 hours-urine specimens was determined after oral administration of salicylamide in 7 normal volunteers (NV), in 51 cases of various liver diseases and hyperbilirubinemias, and in 19 cases after drug administration, to predict the in vivo drug metabolism in man and its change by drugs. Maximal glucuronide formation was obtained by 1.0 g of salicylamide administered to NV; thus, this dosage was used in the present study. SAMG as percent of total salicylamide, the percent of SAMG, from 0-6 hours-urine specimens was high and constant in NV (71.3 +/- 8.3 (Mean +/- S.D.)). 0-0.08% of the total salicylamide was confirmed as free salicylamide in 0-12 hours-urine specimens of NV. The percent of SAMG of 0-6 hours-urine specimens was 57.2 +/- 8.6 in acute hepatitis, 66.6 +/- 10.9 in chronic hepatitis, and 48.6 +/- 10.7 in liver cirrhosis (mean +/- S.D.). Free salicylamide increased slightly in liver diseases. Serum bilirubin levels tended to be inversely correlated with the percent of SAMG. In most cases of Gilbert's syndrome, the percent of SAMG remained at a normal level. The percent of SAMG in cases with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemias of other geneses were almost within normal limits. Bucolome and phenobarbital increased the percent of SAMG in patients with various liver diseases. After rifampicin or phenytoin administration, the percent of SAMG of the patients with lung tuberculosis or epilepsy did not surpass that of NV.
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PMID:Salycylamide glucuronide formation in liver disease and its change by drugs. 1 Feb 19

Little research on the husbands of alcoholic women has been reported. A few studies have shown that they often are alcoholics or are suffering from other psychiatric diseases. The present study describes 51 men, married to female alcoholics, as regards alcoholism, other psycho-social disturbances and mortality, and accounts for the marital situation after an observation period of 6-12 years. A comparison is made with a control group of married male alcoholics. About 50% of the husbands were shown to be alcoholics, 14% had been treated for psychiatric diseases and more than 10% were disabled due to somatic diseases. At the end of the observation period, one-third of both patient groups were still married, one half of the male and one-third of the female patients were divorced. Twenty per cent of the marriages among the male patients and 35% of those among the female patients had been terminated by death. Ten female alcoholics and 14 husbands died, which is a significant excess mortality for both sexes. Mortality among the husbands was higher than expected due to cirrhosis of the liver and diseases of the circulatory system.
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PMID:Female alcoholics. IV. Marital situation and husbands. 42 28

The aim of this study has been to explore and compare the mortality of 100 female and 100 male alcoholics, admitted to a department of alcoholic diseases in 1963-69. The patients were early cases and mortality was studied during an observation period of 6-12 years. A total of 18 women and 16 men died. As compared with the general population, mortality was 5.6 and 3.0 times higher than expected for the women and men, respectively. Among the women a significant excess mortality was found for accidents, suicides, diseases of the respiratory system, and especially cirrhosis of the liver. Mortality among the men was significantly higher than expected due to suicides, diseases of the circulatory system, neoplasms, chronic alcoholism, and acute alcohol poisoning. The excess mortality from suicides found for both sexes was highest in the female group. Despite the hitherto rather small number of deaths in the two groups, the high frequency of cirrhosis of the liver among the women is striking.
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PMID:Alcoholic females. II. Causes of death with reference to sex difference. 89 46

The aim of the study was the evaluation of survival of 140 cirrhotic patients who had a liver biopsy between 1970 and 1987. It is interesting to point out that all the patients with cirrhosis were included in the study and that they were all coming from a limited geographic area. This justifies the limited drop-out (7/147 patients). The high survival rate could be due to the fact that only patients suitable to receive a liver biopsy were elected for the study. We found that factors critical for prognosis in the short term (6-12 months) are biochemical values such as prothrombin index, serum albumin, serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, while the factors affecting long-term prognosis are age, sex, etiology of cirrhosis, high alcohol intake after biopsy, ascites and untreated portal hypertension.
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PMID:[Liver cirrhosis. Survival of a homogeneous population]. 276 65

From January 1982 to January 1987, a prospective, nonrandomized sclerotherapy study was conducted at the Heinz-Kalk Hospital, Bad Kissingen, with 232 consecutive patients receiving immediate endoscopic injection sclerosis (IEIS) for variceal bleeding during emergency endoscopy. No patient was excluded from this study. All patients were classified according to the Child-Pugh criteria: 53 (23%) were in category A; 70 (30%) in category B; and 109 (47%) in category C. More than 93% had liver cirrhosis, 60% of alcoholic origin. IEIS was performed during emergency fiberoptic endoscopy applying 5-40 1-ml injections of 0.5% polidocanol by the paravariceal, "free" injection technique. If this was not successful, an intravariceal approach was used, and after 15 min of injection and persisting hemorrhage a Linton-Nachlas tube was inserted for 6-12 h. If hemorrhaging recurred, a second emergency endoscopy with IEIS was performed and, if this was not successful, a gastroesophageal disconnection followed directly. During the bleeding-free interval, Child-Pugh A and B patients were selected, using special criteria, for a shunt operation. An elective, semiselective, or selective shunt was recommended and carried out. In 56 patients (24%), a gastroesophageal disconnection or a shunt operation was performed on an emergency or elective basis. All sclerotherapy patients were controlled after 4 months and thereafter every 6, 9, or 12 months and reinjected if necessary. Bleeding was controlled in 93% of the cases with IEIS, and, in 97%, with a combination of IEIS and Linton-Nachlas tube. Definitive control of hemorrhaging was accomplished in 94% of the patients. Thirty-five patients died during the first 30 days of admission (15.1%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Immediate endoscopic sclerosis of bleeding esophageal varices. A prospective evaluation over five years. 326 31

During steady state the overall lymphatic return rate of albumin equals the transvascular escape rate of albumin [TERalb, i.e. the fraction of intravascular mass of albumin (IVMalb) passing to the extravascular space per unit time] provided local back-transport is negligible, as previously substantiated in patients with cirrhosis. In nine untreated patients with cirrhotic ascites, TERalb (as determined from the disappearance of intravenously injected radiodinated serum albumin) was on the average 8.5% IVMalb X h-1 (range 4.6-12.7). This value is higher than that of normals (mean 5.9% IVMalb X h-1, range 4.3-7.4, P less than 0.05, one-sided tests). During diuretic treatment TERalb increased to a mean of 13.0% IVMalb.h-1 (range 9.2-22.2), which is significantly higher compared to the untreated state (P less than 0.05) and compared to normals (P less than 0.01). In the untreated condition IVMalb was mean 1.24 mmol (range 0.96-1.64), and this value increased by 20% (P less than 0.01) to an average of 1.49 mmol (range 1.36-1.79) during diuretic treatment. The average increase in IVMalb (0.25 mmol) corresponded to 45% of the intraperitoneal mass of albumin in the untreated state (mean 0.59 mmol), indicating a net transport of albumin from the peritoneal cavity to the plasma during diuretic treatment. The results suggest an increased lymphatic drainage of albumin during diuretic treatment, which may play a role in amelioration of cirrhotic ascites.
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PMID:Increased extravasation and lymphatic return rate of albumin during diuretic treatment of ascites in patients with liver cirrhosis. 733 25

The transjugular intrahepatic portasystemic stent-shunt (TIPSS) is a side-to-side portocaval shunt, performed by interventional radiological methods, linking the hepatic and portal veins through the liver parenchyma with an expandable metal stent. The technique can be performed successfully in over 90 per cent of patients. The procedure-related mortality rate is about 1 per cent, mainly from intraperitoneal bleeding. The main indications for TIPSS insertion are control of acute variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis that is refractory to sclerotherapy and recurrent variceal haemorrhage despite sclerotherapy or band ligation. TIPSS insertion is followed by variceal rebleeding in about 10-20 per cent of cases, encephalopathy in 10-20 per cent, transient deterioration of liver function in 25-35 per cent and subsequent shunt dysfunction over a 6-12-month period in 15-60 per cent. The final place of TIPSS insertion in the management of portal hypertension is being evaluated in controlled studies, but its use in the treatment of uncontrolled variceal haemorrhage seems assured.
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PMID:Transjugular intrahepatic portasystemic stent-shunt in the treatment of variceal haemorrhage. 755 88

The effect of long-term administration of nipradilol (NIP, Hypadil Kowa, CAS 81486-22-8), a beta-blocker with a vasodilatory action, on esophageal varices was studied in 66 patients with compensated liver cirrhosis. Administration of NIP (6-12 mg/d) for 3-12 months produced progressive improvement of endoscopic findings over time (30% for C, 25% for F, and 40% for the R-C sign after 12 months). At the last examination (mean: 9 +/- 4 months), the improvement rates were 16.7%, 16.7% and 22.7%, respectively. No significant relationship was found between endoscopic improvement and the Child-Pugh score or the dose of NIP. Gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in five patients: one had bleeding esophageal varices, three had bleeding gastric varices, and one had a bleeding gastric ulcer. The systolic blood pressure was decreased significantly (4.6-12.3%) at 2 weeks as well as 1 and 2 months, and the heart rate showed a significant decrease throughout the study (10-18.4%). With the exception of the patients who had gastrointestinal bleeding, no symptoms of decompensation appeared, and there was no deterioration of laboratory parameters including ammonia. Adverse effects occurred in about 10% of the patients, most of which were related to bradycardia and/or hypotension, and they improved when the drug was withdrawn or the dose reduced. These results suggest that long-term administration of NIP is useful in the treatment of esophageal varices.
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PMID:Effect of long-term therapy with nipradilol on esophageal varices in patients with compensated cirrhosis. Results of a multicenter open study. 784 40

Antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis C with interferon is reviewed. Alpha-interferon, both recombinant alpha-2a, -2b and human lymphoblastoid interferon given at a dose of > or = 3MU t.i.w. for 6-12 months will result in normalisation of ALT levels (complete response) in some 50-60% of treated patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Approximately half of the complete responders to interferon will relapse within 6 months once treatment is withdrawn (non-sustained response). Longer treatment schedules (6 vs. 12 months) seem to diminish the relapse rate and increase the percentage of sustained response. In patients with sustained response to interferon treatment with continuously normal ALT levels > or = 6 months after treatment stop a concomitant eradication of the viraemia is usually seen, whereas a non-sustained or non-response to interferon usually will indicate a continuous viraemia. Factors predictive of a favourable response are low pretreatment HCV RNA levels in serum, genotypes other than type II according to Okamoto, short disease duration, female gender and less pronounced liver damage, whereas high serum HCV RNA levels, having genotype II and cirrhosis, are predictive of a less favourable response. Patients with a sustained response and eradication of the viraemia will also improve their liver inflammation with diminishing scores for portal inflammation, piecemeal necrosis, lobular inflammation and also fibrosis after treatment. For non-responders and non-sustained responders to interferon, ribavirin especially in combination with interferon will offer some hope for the future.
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PMID:Interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. 808 99

Compensation of the functional condition of the liver after its resection is determined by the volume and structural changes of the remaining part of the organ and the injuriousness of the intervention rather than by the character of the affection; adequate and stable restoration of the function of the organ occurs in 12-18 months after extensive resections of the liver and in 2-4 months after economical resections. The parts of the liver remaining after extensive resection become sharply enlarged (by 100% and more) in the early postoperative period (up to 3 weeks) and then reduce gradually in 6-12 months to the size of the uninvolved parenchyma. In concurrent cirrhosis of the liver, complete restoration of the volume of the organ does not occur, the dynamics of the restoration of hepatic function is slowed down, and the terms of rehabilitation of the patients increase. Resection of the liver in humans is attended by marked activation of the processes of regeneration, which is manifested by hypertrophy of the cells and their nuclei, hyperplasia of the intracellular structures, providing for compensation of the disturbed functions of the organ. Removal of the pathological focus leads to abatement and disappearance of the inflammatory infiltration.
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PMID:[Functional and morphological changes in the liver after hepatic resection]. 808 70


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