Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 35-year-old man with acute promyelocytic leukemia received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) in second complete remission. The donor was his 18-year-old brother, a chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier with detectable serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA). Before BMT, the recipient was immune to HBV, with serum antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe) and normal liver function. Examination of the recipient serum drawn 2 months after BMT revealed reverse seroconversion from anti-HBs/anti-HBe to HBsAg/HBeAg, which remained positive thereafter. Upon reducing cyclosporin 6 months after BMT, acute hepatitis occurred with HBV DNA in serum as evidence of active HBV replication; the patient then developed chronic hepatitis which progressed to cirrhosis and hepatic decompensation within 8 months. Transfusion of HBV DNA/HBeAg-positive bone marrow is thus harmful even when the recipient has anti-HBs prior to BMT.
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PMID:Reverse seroconversion of hepatitis B virus infectious status after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from a carrier donor. 152 9

Impaired liver regeneration in cirrhosis complicates the surgical treatment of liver tumors which arise in this setting. We developed a rat model to investigate the regenerative response of cirrhotic liver after hepatectomy and studied the effect of exogenous transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), a potent liver mitogen. Micronodular cirrhosis was established by the simultaneous administration of CCl4 and phenobarbital. Hepatic DNA synthesis ([3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA) 24 hr after partial hepatectomy in cirrhotic rats was 15.6 +/- 3.4 cpm/micrograms DNA (means +/- SEM), which was significantly lower than in normal rats (37.3 +/- 3.4 cpm/micrograms DNA, P less than 0.05). Exogenous TGF-alpha (30 nmol/kg, sc every 12 hr) significantly improved [3H]thymidine incorporation (35.6 +/- 8.2 cpm/micrograms DNA, P less than 0.05). An autoradiographic nuclear labeling index also confirmed increased DNA synthesis (6.7% vs 13.4%). TGF-alpha had no effect on normal regenerating liver (42.5 +/- 8.8 cpm/micrograms DNA, NS). Although the significance of TGF-alpha-enhanced liver regeneration in cirrhosis has yet to be assessed, this model may be useful for the study of mechanisms which control hepatic proliferation.
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PMID:Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) improves hepatic DNA synthesis after hepatectomy in cirrhotic rats. 152 43

Two methods were used to unveil a possible previous hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in patients with postnecrotic liver cirrhosis. The anamnestic response to a booster injection of HB vaccine was assessed, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for the detection of HBV-DNA in serum and liver tissue, using primers to span the precore and core regions, was employed. Seventeen patients with postnecrotic liver cirrhosis were selected from a population with a high prevalence of HBV infection and were compared with 11 liver cirrhosis patients who were positive for antibodies to surface antigen (anti-HBs) IgG antibodies. All patients were given one dose of HB vaccine into the deltoid muscle, and anti-HBs titers were measured 1 and 4 wk after injection. Three of 17 patients, initially negative for anti-HBs, showed a primary response, with titers of anti-HBs rising from 0 to a maximum of 85 mIU/ml after 4 wk; the rest had no response. Of the 11 patients positive for anti-HBs, of whom nine were also IgG anti-HBs positive, only four had an intense anamnestic response, with anti-HBs titers rising to more than 10 times the initial values (up to 10,800 mIU/ml). Serum HBV-DNA was detected in eight patients in the antibody-negative group and in only one patient in the antibody-positive group (p less than 0.02). None of the four patients with positive anamnestic response had HBV-DNA in the serum. The prevalence of HBV-DNA in the liver was similar in both groups. Absence of HBV-DNA in serum of most patients positive for anti-HBs supports the hypothesis that HBV particles released from the liver may be captured by antibodies in the serum. We conclude that assessment of the anamnestic response to HB vaccine has no diagnostic advantage, compared with direct measurement of conventional HBV serological markers in patients with liver cirrhosis. Moreover, we suggest that this type of immunologic response may not occur when virion-associated HBV-DNA is present in the serum.
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PMID:Anamnestic response to hepatitis B vaccine in nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis patients with and without HBV-DNA. 153 39

The hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection plays a major role in severe liver damage caused by hepatitis. To establish the prevalence of HDV infection in haemophilic patients and patients without haemophilia, 87 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were examined for serological evidence of delta hepatitis. In addition HBV, HDV and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection markers were compared to clinical and histopathological outcome of hepatitis. Out of 46 haemophiliacs 30 (65%) were anti-HD-seropositive; 10 out of 30 anti-HD-positive patients (33%) had pathological liver function tests compared to 2 out of 16 anti-HD-negative haemophiliacs (13%). The rate of HIV infection did not differ between the HDV infected and the non-HDV infected individuals with haemophilia (17/27 anti-HD-positive patients versus 12/16 anti-HD-negative patients). Two haemophilic anti-HD-positive patients underwent liver biopsy, in both cases hepatitis D antigen (HDAg) was detected in the biopsies. Only 2 out of 41 patients without haemophilia were anti-HD-positive. Both had pathological liver function tests; chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis, respectively, were diagnosed and HDAg was found in the liver biopsies. Out of 39 anti-HD-seronegative patients without haemophilia, 26 (67%) were hepatitis B e antigen positive; in the sera of 20 patients (51%) HBV-DNA was demonstrated, but only 6 patients (15%) had pathological liver function tests. In conclusion a high seroprevalence of HDV infection was found in haemophilic patients treated with non-pasteurized commercial clotting factor concentrates. An endemic spreading of HDV infection in patients without haemophilia with chronic HBV infection could not be detected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Correlation of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis D virus and human immunodeficiency virus type I infection markers in hepatitis B surface antigen positive haemophiliacs and patients without haemophilia with clinical and histopathological outcome of hepatitis. 153 69

To evaluate the factors determining the severity of chronic hepatitis B virus infection and the interactions of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis delta virus infections, we retrospectively analyzed 260 patients, 146 of whom were followed for a mean of 31.4 +/- 1.8 mo. Human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis delta virus status and aminotransferase activities, histological activity index, alcohol consumption and the prevalence of cirrhosis were investigated. The patients included 54 homosexuals, 19 parenteral drug abusers and 187 subjects with other or unidentified risk factors for exposure to hepatitis B virus. Thirty-five patients (13%) were positive for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus; 27 were homosexual and 8 were drug abusers. The mean aminotransferase activities, histological activity index and the prevalence of cirrhosis were similar in the human immunodeficiency virus-positive and human immunodeficiency virus-negative subgroups. Actuarial survival was significantly lower in the human immunodeficiency virus-negative subgroups. Actuarial survival was significantly lower in the human immunodeficiency virus-positive group than in the human immunodeficiency virus-negative subjects (p = 0.004); the cause of death was clearly related to liver failure in four of the five human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients and two of the six human immunodeficiency virus-negative subjects who died. To evaluate the factors determining the severity of liver disease, we compared homogeneous subgroups of subjects. Among the homosexual patients, the prevalence of HBeAg and hepatitis B virus DNA, aminotransferase activities and the histological activity index did not differ according to human immunodeficiency virus antibody status.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Interactions between human immunodeficiency virus-1, hepatitis delta virus and hepatitis B virus infections in 260 chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus. 155 33

alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency is associated with predisposition to the development of pulmonary emphysema and childhood cirrhosis. There are two common deficiency alleles in the European population, proteinase inhibitor (Pi) Z and S. In addition, there are rare Pinull or QO variants which can be difficult to diagnose. A family assigned as having the PiQO allele by AAT protein quantification and isoelectric focusing was shown by DNA sequencing to have the PiMheerlen mutation (Pro369-Leu). This highlights the difficulties of diagnosis of PiQO.
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PMID:What is Pi (proteinase inhibitor) null or PiQO?: a problem highlighted by the alpha 1 antitrypsin Mheerlen mutation. 155 39

Hepatitis B virus DNA was determined in the sera of 198 chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers by the spot hybridization technique. The results were correlated with hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) and antibody (anti-HBe), delta antibody (anti-HD) and liver histology. All subjects had a liver biopsy. The prevalence of HBV DNA was 63% in HBeAg-positive subjects and 8.8% in anti-HBe positives. HBV DNA was not found more frequently in chronic HBsAg carriers who had histological evidence of liver disease than in carriers without such evidence. Anti-HD was detected in 48.5% of subjects, with an increasing trend (p less than 0.001) according to the severity of liver disease. Among patients with more severe liver disease (CAH and cirrhosis), HBV DNA and HBeAg were detected less frequently in anti-HD-positive than in anti-HD-negative subjects (7% vs. 42.3%, p less than 0.001 and 7% vs. 34.4%, p less than 0.005, respectively). These findings indicate that HDV infection jointly affects both HBeAg status and HBV DNA.
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PMID:Hepatitis B virus DNA in chronic HBsAg carriers: correlation with HBeAg/anti-HBe status, anti-HD and liver histology. 156 10

A 64-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of possible liver cirrhosis. His serum cholinesterase was anomalously low with a delta pH of 0.1 (normal range; 0.8-1.1). His enzyme was more heat-labile than the normal controls. Km value of his enzyme for benzoylcholine was 1.1 x 10(-5) mol/l, while that for normal controls was 2.3 x 10(-6) mol/l. In addition, isozymic alteration of his enzyme was observed. Sequencing of the white blood cell DNA of the patient showed a point mutation at nucleotide 1093 (GGA to CGA), which changes codon 365 from glycine to arginine.
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PMID:A variant serum cholinesterase and a confirmed point mutation at Gly-365 to Arg found in a patient with liver cirrhosis. 161 Nov 88

TCM differentiation of syndrome in 131 cases of chronic hepatitis B has been studied with molecular-biological and immuno-histological techniques. The results showed that 94.6% cases of Gan-Yu Pi-Xu (stagnancy in the liver leading to diminished function of the spleen) type belonged to chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH), whose coincidence rate of pathology of the liver biopsies with CPH was 69.2%; the positive rate of HBeAg and/or HBV DNA in sera was 61.5%, and the positive rates of HBsAg and HBV DNA in liver tissues were 69.2% (of which 44.4% appeared diffuse pattern morphologically) and 33.3% respectively. 75.5% cases of Gan-Shen Yin-Xu (deficiency of Yin of the liver and kidney) type belonged to chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and 88.5% of the cases were pathologically described as CAH, the positive rates of HBeAg and/or HBV DNA in serum and HBsAg in liver tissues were all 80.8%, among which the diffuse pattern of HBsAg accounted for 85.7%, which was higher than that in Gan-Yu Pi-Xu type (P less than 0.05), the positive rates of HBcAg and HBV DNA in liver tissues were 34.6% (of which 55.6% appeared cytoplasmic pattern) and 63.2% respectively, which was higher than that in Gan-Yu Pi-Xu type (P less than 0.05). 75.0% cases of Qi-Zhi Xue-Yu (stagnation of vital energy and stasis of blood) type belonged to CAH with early state cirrhosis, its pathological changes in liver tissues were obvious, replication levels of HBV corresponded to the cases of Gan-Yu.Pi-Xu type.
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PMID:[Relation between traditional Chinese medicine differentiation of syndromes and HBV antigen, HBV DNA in serum and liver tissues and pathological changes in chronic hepatitis B]. 162 40

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA integrates into the host DNA and shows a series of potentially oncogenetic properties, but HBV is not an acutely transforming virus, because HCC develops decades after infection. Other factors, namely cirrhosis, inflammation, alcohol intake, and viral superinfections, could promote the oncogenetic process induced by HBV-DNA integration. We studied the impact of HDV infection in the pathogenesis of HCC in 62 consecutive patients. Their mean age was 59 years (range 25-75 years), 54 were male and eight female; 58 had cirrhosis. The findings suggest that HBsAg-positive patients with HDV superinfection developed cirrhosis and HCC at an earlier age than HBsAg carriers without HDV infection. HDV appears to represent a "promotion" factor for HCC in subjects with an oncogenic risk induced by HBV. A long-lasting necroinflammatory lesion of the liver substained by productive HBV and HDV infections may be a major pathogenetic mechanism.
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PMID:Role of hepatitis delta virus infection in hepatocellular carcinoma. 165 Jun 90


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