Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using with the newly modified perchloric acid pretreatment method and endotoxin specific assay (Endospecy), the plasma endotoxin in the patients with liver cirrhosis was investigated. The mean value of plasma endotoxin in control (n = 20) was below 9.8 pg/ml. The plasma endotoxin level in liver cirrhosis was 5.7 +/- 5.3 pg/ml (n = 70, mean +/- SD), and 20% of the patients (15 cases) showed above 9.8 pg/ml. Endotoxin level significantly correlated with the severity of liver function based on the Child-Turcotte classification (p less than 0.01). Plasma endotoxin positively correlated with total bilirubin (r = 0.417) and ICG clearance test (r = 0.298) and negatively correlated with prothrombin time (%) (r = 0.497) and HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.578) in the patients with liver cirrhosis. There was no correlation between esophageal varices and plasma endotoxin level. Plasma endotoxin was slightly detected in the patients with decompensated cirrhosis, and these data suggest that plasma endotoxin level in cirrhosis is not so elevated.
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PMID:[Plasma endotoxin measured by the combination of new perchloric acid pretreatment method and endotoxin specific assay in liver cirrhosis]. 132 Jan 42

With a quantitative blood endotoxin assay using a chromogenic substrate with a perchloric acid pretreatment (PCA-LCT), endotoxemia in various liver diseases was studied. With PCA-LCT, recovery of added endotoxin in human plasma was nearly 90%, as evidenced by an intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation of 5.7% and 11%, respectively. Because the recovery of endotoxin was not affected in severely icteric plasmas, PCA-LCT proved to be applicable to patients with liver diseases where various degree of jaundice exist. In none of the plasmas from patients with chronic hepatitis, acute hepatitis without hepatic failure or liver cirrhosis without ascites did the endotoxin level exceed the normal range of less than 5 pg/ml. With the presence of ascites, however, endotoxemia became detectable, but at low levels and not in all cases. At the stage of hepatic failure complicated with renal failure or disseminated intravascular coagulation, endotoxemia was more frequent and endotoxin concentration greater. It is uncertain, at present, whether endotoxemia itself is deteriorating factor in hepatic failure or is merely concomitant phenomenon resulting from Kupffer cell failure.
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PMID:Endotoxemia in liver diseases: detection by a quantitative assay using chromogenic substrate with perchloric acid pretreatment. 300 75

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was measured in whole serum and in serum extracted with perchloric acid by microradioimmunoassay in patients with benign and malignant diseases of the liver and pancreas. The level of detectability was 5 ng per ml. This level or greater was present in the serum of 50% of patients with chronic diffuse liver disease, 64% with pancreatitis, 94% with cancer of the digestive system, and 3% of controls. The incidence of levels of CEA of 5 ng/ml or more differed for various categories of chronic liver disease: from 22% in active chronic hepatitis, 46% in primary biliary cirrhosis, 63% in hepatoma, 78% in cryptogenic cirrhosis, and 88% in alcoholic cirrhosis; levels of CEA correlated with degrees of impairment of liver function as judged by bromsulphalein retention and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and transaminase. In pancreatitis, 64% of cases had levels of CEA ranging from 5 to 20 ng/ml and in cancer of the pancreas 94% had levels above 5 ng/ml and 50% above 20 ng/ml.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen in serum in diseases of the liver and pancreas. 472 56

Preexposure of blood samples to perchloric acid permitted an accurate, quantitative measurement of endotoxin levels as low as 1 pg/ml using a colorimetric limulus test. Conventional chloroform and dilution-heating methods were unsatisfactory because of high residual nonspecific amidolytic activity and poor recovery. The normal peripheral plasma endotoxin level was less than 10 pg/ml when Escherichia coli 0111:B4 endotoxin was used as a reference. One nanogram in this assay was equivalent to 2.9 endotoxin units of USP reference standard endotoxin (E. coli 0113). High values were noted in portal venous blood and in cases of acute hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, strangulation ileus, pyothorax, lung abscess, diffuse panbronchiolitis, and pneumonia. Normal human plasma and serum exhibited a high capacity to inactivate added endotoxin. E. coli 0111:B4 and Salmonella minnesota 9700 were more susceptible to inactivation than Pseudomonas aeruginosa endotoxin. This inactivating activity was temperature dependent, was maximal between 37 degrees and 45 degrees C, and disappeared completely after heating plasma or serum to 56 degrees C for 30 minutes prior to the addition of endotoxin. The E. coli 0111:B4 endotoxin-inactivating activity of normal platelet-rich plasma, platelet-poor plasma, and serum, all at 37 degrees C, was 8.1 +/- 3.1, 11.7 +/- 4.5, and 15.2 +/- 4.9 micrograms/min/ml (mean +/- SD; n = 4), respectively. Endotoxin-inactivating activity was markedly decreased in plasma from patients with endotoxemia, but returned to normal with recovery from the underlying illness.
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PMID:Addition of perchloric acid to blood samples for colorimetric limulus test using chromogenic substrate: comparison with conventional procedures and clinical applications. 608 54

Purified monoclonal antibodies (Mab) produced by 3 hybridomas and reacting with 3 different epitopes of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were used in a solid phase enzyme immunoassay. Two Mabs were physically adsorbed to polystyrene balls and the third Mab was coupled to alkaline phosphatase using the bifunctional reagent N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)-propionate. During a first incubation, CEA from heat-extracted serum samples was immunoadsorbed to the antibody coated balls. After washing of the balls, bound CEA was detected by a second incubation with the enzyme coupled Mab. The sensitivity of the assay was 0.6 ng per ml of serum. A total of 196 serum samples from patients with various types of carcinoma, with liver cirrhosis, or from healthy blood donors with or without smoking habits, were tested. The results obtained with the monoclonal enzyme immunoassay (M-EIA) were compared with those obtained with perchloric acid extracts of the same serum samples tested by an inhibition radioimmunoassay using conventional goat anti-CEA antiserum. There was an excellent correlation between the two assays. In particular, the new M-EIA gave good results for the detection of tumor recurrences in the follow-up of colon carcinoma patients. However, despite the use of exclusively monoclonal antibodies the new assay detected a similar percentage of slightly elevated CEA values as the conventional assay in patients with non-malignant disease, suggesting that the CEA associated with non-malignant diseases is immunologically identical to the CEA released by colon carcinoma.
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PMID:Sandwich enzyme immunoassay using three monoclonal antibodies against different epitopes of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). 675 73

A recently developed chromogenic endotoxin assay with plasma Tween 80 pretreatment was compared with the conventional dilution and heating method. Plasma endotoxin was measured in patients with liver cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding by these methods. Plasma endotoxin concentration was calculated from an individual internal standard curve by adding three different standard endotoxin solutions to each sample. By the conventional heating method, added standard endotoxin gave different OD values in each sample and the slope of the standard curve showed interindividual variations. When sample plasma from chronic alcoholics was pretreated with 1% Tween 80 and ultrasonification after heating, the slope of standard curves was somewhat increased and interindividual variation was minimized. Significantly higher plasma endotoxin levels in cirrhotics with upper GI bleeding compared with those without upper GI bleeding was detected by this Tween 80 method. There was a strongly positive correlation between the endotoxin levels determined by this method and those determined by the perchloric acid method and endotoxin-specific substrate in patients with upper GI bleeding. Endotoxin levels, which were elevated 1-2 days after the bleeding, tended to decrease as patients recovered. In summary, the recovery of endogenous and exogenous endotoxin from plasma sample was increased by adding Tween 80 before the chromogenic substrate assay. Transient elevation of plasma endotoxin was demonstrated by this Tween 80 method in patients with liver cirrhosis and upper GI bleeding.
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PMID:Endotoxaemia in patients with liver cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding: detection by the chromogenic assay with plasma Tween 80 pretreatment. 828 Aug 47

The oxygen limitation hypothesis states that hepatocyte hypoxia is the mechanism determining metabolic restriction in the cirrhotic liver. Therefore we studied markers of hepatocyte energy state and cellular hypoxia in livers of normal and cirrhotic rats before and after oxygen supplementation. Rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis and procedural control rats were exposed to either room air or a hyperoxic gas mixture for 1 h immediately before freeze clamping and perchloric acid extraction of liver tissue. Extracts were assessed by (31)P NMR and enzymatic assays. Livers from cirrhotic rats breathing room air showed a reduced ratio of ATP/ADP, an increased ratio of inorganic phosphate/ATP, and a trend toward an increased ratio of lactate/pyruvate compared with procedural control livers (ATP/ADP 1.73 +/- 0.35 versus 2.68 +/- 0.61, P <.05; P(i)/ATP 2.74 +/- 0.48 versus 1.56 +/- 0.26, P <.05; lactate/pyruvate 29.3 +/- 6.4 versus 22.5 +/- 7.4, P =.18). After supplementation with oxygen for 1 h, these ratios in cirrhotic livers approached control values. A variety of other metabolic markers affected by cirrhosis showed variable trends toward normal in response to oxygen supplementation, whereas minor trends toward an increase in ATP levels in control animals suggest the possibility of marginal oxygen limitation in normal livers. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that hepatocytes in cirrhotic livers have normal metabolic capacity but are constrained by a deficit in oxygen supply. Interventions aimed at increasing oxygen supply to the liver may have both short- and long-term therapeutic value in the management of cirrhosis.
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PMID:Acute oxygen supplementation restores markers of hepatocyte energy status and hypoxia in cirrhotic rats. 1077 39