Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Net acetate uptake/release by various tissues was studied in vivo in fed, starved and Paromomycin-treated rats and in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. In humans the portal vein, hepatic vein and hepatic arterial blood flow rates were determined simultaneously. In rats acetate is only intestinally produced and released into the portal vein. Intestinal production is decreased by 33% in starved and Paromomycin-treated rats compared to fed animals. Portal vein hepatic vein acetate differences are linearly related to the portal vein acetate concentration (r = 0.92). Acetate uptake from the portal vein by the liver was found when the portal venous concentration exceeded 180 mumol l-1. In humans the hepatic net acetate uptake from the portal vein/net acetate release into the hepatic vein, measured as mmol min-1, is linearly related to the portal vein acetate concentration (r = 0.96). The data indicate that the liver may homeostatically regulate the systemic acetate concentration in rat and man.
 ...
PMID:Role of gastrointestinal tract and liver in acetate metabolism in rat and man. 393 Feb 58

In a comparative study absorption and elimination characteristics of p.o. administered paromomycin and neomycin were investigated in healthy volunteers and patients with liver cirrhosis and/or portocaval shunt. Serum and urine concentrations were determined by means of the diffusion test. 1. In a cross-over study 6 volunteers were each administered single p.o. doses of 14.28 g paromomycin sulfate (= 10 g free base = 1.6 X 10(-2) mol) and 16 g neomycin sulfate (= 10.65 g free base = 1.7 X 10(-2) mol). Following these virtually equimolar doses AUC values of neomycin were 2.5 times as high as those of paromomycin (p less than 0.01). Paromomycin serum level time courses could be described by an open one-compartment model with a mean half-life of 2.6 h (harmon. mean). Mean computed maximum levels of 3.6 microgram/ml appeared on an average of 1.9 h after administration. After 32 h the mean recovery in urine was 0.2%. 5 volunteers showed a similar behavior with a mean excretion of 0.1%, whereas one person excreted 0.8% in urine. The time course of neomycin was evaluated according to an open two-compartment model with a distribution half-life of 1.5 h and a terminal half-life of 9 h (harmon. means). Mean computed maximum levels of 5.1 microgram/ml appeared on an average of 2.6 h after administration. The mean lag time was 1.3 h. 32 h after administration 0.3% of the dose were detected in urine. 2. Patients with cirrhosis and/or portocaval shunt were treated with 8 capsules/d of either 357.1 mg paromomycin sulfate or 250 mg neomycinsulfate each over a period of 7 days. Despite the lower dose of neomycin comparable serum levels of both aminoglycosides were observed. This result can be explained by a lower elimination rate and a higher extent of accumulation of neomycin. Mean amounts excreted in the urine of the 7th day were 0.1% for paromycin and 0.2% for neomycin.
 ...
PMID:[Comparative study of serum levels and urinary excretion following oral administration of paromomycin and neomycin (author's transl)]. 719 77