Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An arabinogalactan-coated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (AG-USPIO) preparation specific for asialoglycoprotein (ASG) receptors on hepatocytes was used as a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast agent in the evaluation of a spectrum of benign liver diseases in animal models. The activity of hepatocyte ASG receptors, which directly reflects liver function, was directly assessed by measuring liver relaxation times in vitro and MR signal intensity in vivo. The following measurements allowed three-dimensional assessment of liver function: (a) liver relaxation time, (b) native MR signal intensities of liver, (c) response of liver to the AG-USPIO probe (percentage decrease of liver signal intensity after intravenous administration of 10 mumol/kg of AG-USPIO: normal liver 55%, fatty liver 57%, acute hepatitis 36%, chronic hepatitis 29%, and cirrhosis 46%), and (d) redistribution of hepatocyte-specific AG-USPIO to the spleen (present in hepatitis and cirrhosis but not in normal liver and fatty liver). The results of this study indicate that cellular hepatic abnormalities can be detected and quantitated with MR receptor imaging.
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PMID:Asialoglycoprotein receptor function in benign liver disease: evaluation with MR imaging. 199 16

Since an intestinal absorptive interaction between iron and zinc has been described in animals and humans, the possibility of increased accumulation of zinc as well as iron in the liver was studied in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis. Hepatic zinc was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in liver biopsy specimens from 21 homozygotes for hemochromatosis, 21 normal liver samples from autopsies, and 15 cases of cirrhosis unrelated to iron overload. Mean hepatic zinc concentrations in the three groups were compared by one-way analysis of variance. Hemochromatosis patients had hepatic iron determinations by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and iron absorption studies using 59Fe and total body counting had been previously documented in 18 of the 21 hemochromatosis patients. The mean hepatic zinc was significantly increased at 25.9 +/- 26.7 mumol/g (dry weight) in the hemochromatosis patients, as compared to 4.99 +/- 1.51 mumol/g in the control patients (p less than 0.05), and 2.13 +/- 1.13 mumol/g in the cirrhosis patients without iron overload (p less than 0.05). Hepatic zinc concentration was elevated in hemochromatosis patients who had either normal histology, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Hepatic zinc concentration was not directly related to patient age, hepatic iron concentration, or iron absorption. In conclusion, hepatic zinc was increased approximately fivefold in patients with hemochromatosis. This finding suggests the concomitant hepatic accumulation of zinc as well as iron in this disorder, possibly by means of increased intestinal absorption of zinc and hepatic sequestration.
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PMID:Hepatic zinc in hemochromatosis. 204 Jan 1

The influence of cirrhosis on superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the liver was studied in 31 rats. Experimental models included carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis and liver engrafting of rhabdomyosarcoma S4T cells. Hepatic uptake of SPIO measured with relaxometry decreased dramatically with histologic grade, while splenic uptake increased; the same results were achieved by calculating K values. Imaging of 13 tumorous cirrhotic rats confirmed these results by showing a muted decrease in liver signal intensity on spin-echo images after injection of SPIO. Nevertheless, all intrahepatic tumors could be visualized, as confirmed by postmortem examination. On gradient-echo images, postinjection contrast between the tumor and the liver was not affected by cirrhosis. Thus, despite strong impairment of hepatic uptake in cirrhosis, the diagnostic efficacy of MR imaging with SPIO did not seem to be significantly affected.
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PMID:Liver tumors in cirrhosis: experimental study with SPIO-enhanced MR imaging. 205 18

This study reports the findings of hepatic fibrosis and the accumulation of iron in the livers of 12 gerbils. The primary lesion was a haemorrhagic necrosis of the liver that was identical to that produced experimentally in the gerbil by administration of E. coli endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. The resulting extravasation of blood caused focal histiocytic reactions. The number of lesions increased with age, eventually resulting in a micronodular cirrhosis after 9 to 12 months owing to repeated episodes of endotoxin-induced haemorrhages in the liver. The accumulation of iron occurred in perisinusoidal cells, Kupffer cells and hepatocytes. The perisinusoidal cells were responsible for the subsequent hepatic fibrosis. The fibrosis associated with this condition appears to result from iron accumulation in the liver, following haemorrhage caused by endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. The gerbil is the first recorded rodent species to develop hepatic fibrosis in response to hepatic iron overload.
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PMID:Hepatic fibrosis and iron accumulation due to endotoxin-induced haemorrhage in the gerbil. 206 30

We measured the biliary excretion of iron in 11 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver and in 10 healthy controls using an intestinal perfusion technique. In the patients with cirrhosis increased amounts of iron in liver tissue were present. The concentrations of iron in the bile samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The biliary excretion of iron in the healthy controls was 0.32 +/- 0.09 mumol/h and in the patients with cirrhosis it was 0.45 +/- 0.14 mumol/h. The biliary excretion of iron in the patients with cirrhosis was not reduced, indicating that other mechanisms than a reduced biliary excretion of iron must be responsible for the accumulation of iron in liver tissue in alcoholic cirrhosis.
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PMID:Biliary excretion of iron in healthy man and in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver. 207 45

Dietary intake for three essential trace elements: selenium, copper and iron was studied in hospitalized patients receiving either ordinary meals or regimens adapted for liver cirrhosis. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of dietary manipulations: reduction in sodium intake for uncomplicated disease and protein restriction to 40 g per day in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. The meals proposed to these three groups were collected during fourteen days and daily intake for three elements was estimated by direct analysis of the assembled meals of the day. Dietary selenium was greatly affected by the restriction in protein intake contrary to copper and iron which were not significantly reduced. Moreover, overall daily trace element intake was rather low and clearly less than the most recent recommended allowances for these essential elements. Relationships between deficiency in some of these trace elements and worsening of the liver disease have been partly documented. They should encourage studies on the correction of dietary intake.
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PMID:[Intake of essential trace elements (selenium, copper and iron) in the nutrition of patients hospitalized with liver cirrhosis]. 207 93

To establish clearly the pathologic basis for small low-intensity nodules seen on MR images of the cirrhotic liver, we obtained MR images in 26 patients with cirrhosis in whom partial hepatectomy for hepatoma (15 patients), laparoscopy for cirrhosis (10 patients), or autopsy (one patient) was subsequently performed. Small low-intensity nodules were seen on gradient-echo images with short TEs (10-13 msec) in 13 of the 26 patients. In 12 of these 13 patients, small low-intensity nodules appeared larger and clearer as the TE was prolonged (14-25 msec). On T2-weighted spin-echo images, small low-intensity nodules were seen in 12 of the 13 patients, but not seen as well as on gradient-echo images. Pathologic correlation in these 13 patients revealed that the nodules on the MR images corresponded to iron deposits in regenerating nodules. Small low-intensity nodules were observed only on T2-weighted spin-echo images in two of the remaining 13 patients, in whom microscopic examination of the liver revealed marked inflammatory cell infiltration in the fibrous septa and no iron deposition. We conclude that small low-intensity nodules observed on MR images are caused by iron deposits in regenerating nodules, and that gradient-echo images with short and prolonged TEs are useful to confirm the presence of iron deposits in regenerating nodules.
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PMID:Regenerating nodules in hepatic cirrhosis: MR findings with pathologic correlation. 212 69

Twelve patients (5 women and 7 men, aged from 19 to 54 years) presenting with congenital, non-spherocytic haemolytic anaemia due to erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency were investigated for systemic iron overload 18 to 27 years after the diagnosis was made. One patient had, beside PK deficiency, idiopathic haemochromatosis demonstrated by the HLA A3 and B14 markers. Another, 21-year old male patient had received more than 100 blood transfusions. In both patients, blood ferritin levels were as high as 5,584 and 9,665 g/litre respectively. Among the remaining 10 patients, 9 had biochemical signs of iron overload, such as high serum iron levels, reduced total siderophilin saturation capacity and blood ferritin levels of about 1,500 g/litre. Hepatic histology could be obtained from 5 patients and showed significant iron overload with cirrhosis in one case and clear-cut portal fibrosis in 3 cases. In all but the patient with multiple transfusions the iron overload was unrelated to transfusions, being present in their absence, usually during the 3rd and 4th decades of their life. The finding of iron overload requires preventive measures such as limitation of transfusions and elimination of iron by deferoxamine therapy.
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PMID:[Iron overload in congenital hemolytic anemia caused by pyruvate kinase deficiency. A major late complication]. 214 11

Primary hemochromatosis is a common genetic disorder that results in inappropriate iron absorption and storage, with progressive damage to target organs. Hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are sequelae of hemochromatosis which are potentially preventable. The diagnosis may be suspected prior to target organ damage by appropriate screening tests, and is confirmed by liver biopsy. Three cases of hemochromatosis in the precirrhotic stage of the disease are presented. The pathophysiology, clinical and laboratory features and management are discussed. The high gene frequency in the general population warrants routine screening tests in asymptomatic healthy young adults. Phlebotomy is the indicated treatment for all stages of the disease.
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PMID:Diagnosis and management of precirrhotic hemochromatosis. 215 80

Iron metabolism was studied in patients with chronic diffuse diseases of the liver. A sharp increase of ferritin content at the expense of its release from affected hepatocytes, and formation of antibodies to ferritin of the splenic type have been recorded in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. The observed growth of ferritin content in red blood cells can be explained by functional deficiency of red blood cells and by the presence of hemolytic process (twofold decrease of haptoglobin level). A conclusion has been made that ferritin content in the blood serum does not correlate with the total iron reserves, and serum ferritin level should be considered not as a sign of the pathologic process, but as an index of iron reserves capable of participating in metabolic processes.
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PMID:[Study of iron metabolism in chronic diffuse diseases of the liver]. 221 Mar 19


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