Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

34 pituitary adenomas were examined by light and electron microscopical methods. Slices of tumor tissue fixed in formaldehyde or Bouin's solution, respectively, and embeded in paraffin were stained by hematoxylin-eosin, Goldner's method (including Orang G), periodic acid Schiff (PAS) reaction, and in some cases by Herlant's tetrachrom. The ultrastructure was studied using tumor tissue fixed in glutaraldehyde within 1 hour after removal. The adenomas were classified by their light microscopical characteristics as chromophilic or chromophobe tumors. Employing the PAS reaction and Goldner's staining method, 27 adenomas were found to give intense or weak staining reactions. By electron microscopical investigation , all the adenomas studied were seen to contain secretory granules more or less densely packed within the cytoplasm. The number of these granules was strongly correlated with the intensity of the tinctorial properties of the tumor tissue. Out of 11 acidophilic adenomas, 10 were observed consisting of typical STH cells. 4 acromegalic patients were found to possess heavily or poorly granulated STH cell adenomas (two patients in each of these groups). One patient with a clinical history of liver cirrhosis and gynecomastia was observed bearing an acidophilic (and erythrosinophilic) adenomatous hyperplasia of prolactin cells, 13 tumors consisted of cells exhibiting almost weak amphophilic staining properties and secretory granules of 100-250nm diameter, thus resembling cells which have been reported to produced ACTH. One of the patients suffering from these adenomas, showed the clinical signs of M. Cushing. By ultrastructural criterions, 3 adenomas with PAS-positive tumor cells were considered to be composed of gonadotropic cells. Only 7 adenomas were observed which did not give any chromophilic reaction. These tumors consisted of extreme poorly granulated cells which could not be significantly associated with one of the pituitary hormones by their morphological properties. In respect of the abundance of mitochondria, 4 out of the adenomas were designated as oncocytic tumors.
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PMID:[The ultrastructure of human pituitary adenomas (author's transl)]. 6 63

The authors studied histochemically the morphologic features of proliferating hepatocytes positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA/cyclin) to analyze the process of liver regeneration in embedded tissues fixed with formaldehyde using an anti-PCNA/cyclin monoclonal antibody. In liver specimens from patients with acute viral hepatitis (AVH) and confluent necrosis, many small basophilic hepatocytes surrounding large clear hepatocytes were positively stained in the areas next to the confluent necrosis. Therefore these small hepatocytes may be daughter cells derived from large clear hepatocytes that probably enter the mitotic cell cycle repeatedly to repair a large necrotic area. In the case of AVH with spotty necrosis, the positively stained hepatocytes were scattered around the necrotic foci. In the liver specimens from patients with chronic active hepatitis, most of the positively stained hepatocytes were located next to the necrotic area. As for cirrhosis of the liver, the number of hepatocytes positive for PCNA/cyclin varied greatly in different pseudolobules, and in the specimens of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the HCC cells positive for PCNA/cyclin were detected throughout the cancer nests.
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PMID:Analysis of proliferating hepatocytes using a monoclonal antibody against proliferating cell nuclear antigen/cyclin in embedded tissues from various liver diseases fixed in formaldehyde. 134 35

Phenotypic expression of sialylated Lewis(x) antigen by means of the monoclonal antiserum SNH3 was studied in 87 livers, which included normal and steatotic livers and livers with chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, allograft rejection, focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, metastatic carcinoma, cirrhosis of various causes (autoimmune, alcoholic, viral, drug induced, Wilson's disease, and primary biliary cirrhosis). The biotin-streptavidin-peroxidase method was used on formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. Sialylated Lewis(x) antigen was not demonstrated in normal livers. Hepatocellular expression in a diffuse or perinodular honeycomb pattern was seen in cirrhosis, irrespective of cause. Sialylated Lewis(x) antigen was also observed in hepatocytes around metastatic carcinoma in the absence of inflammation, cirrhosis, or regeneration. Some bile ductules, most likely ductular hepatocytes, but not bile ducts, expressed sialylated Lewis(x) antigen. Sialylated Lewis(x) antigen was seen diffusely in fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, focally in other hepatocellular carcinomas, and either focally or diffusely in cholangiocarcinomas.
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PMID:Expression of sialylated Lewis(x) antigen in chronic and neoplastic liver diseases. 135 99

The retrospective analysis of 3 clinical observations points out the etiopathogenetic, clinical and therapeutical aspects of the diffuse stenotic cholangitis, which can occur after the surgical treatment of the hepatic hydatid cyst. Although rare (2.9% of hydatid cysts, 13% of those which communicate with the bile ducts), the diffuse stenotic posthydatid cholangitis represents a severe postoperative complication in cases of median cysts, exerting a compression upon the convergence of hepatic ducts and communicating with the biliary tract. Its presence should be clinically suspected if a mechanical icterus with septic angiocholitis, sometimes associated with an external biliary fistula (from the residual cavity), occurs in the postoperative course of these patients, especially if the primary operation has excluded the remanance of an obstacle at the level of the main bile duct. The lesional substrate is comparable with that of the primitive sclerosing cholangitis, from which it differs through its clear relation with the primary treatment of the hepatic hydatid cyst, through the rapid course of stenotic lesions which, although diffuse, may become more marked in certain segments, as well as through the constant suprastenotic dilatation of the bile ducts. In the pathogenesis are involved the caustic action of some scolicide solutions (2 per cent formaldehyde solution, hypertonic salt solution) on the wall of the bile duct and the cystobiliary communication which predisposes to the peroperative occurrence o-a migration syndrome and of angiocholitis. It requires an early surgical reintervention in order to solve the cholestasis and angiocholitis: according to the morphological situation, we have the choice between disobstruction and trans-stenotic calibration drainage, on the one hand, and biliodigestive derivations in the hilum, which are more efficient, on the other. The prognosis is burdened with the vital risk of septic angiocholitis and with the early occurrence of a secondary biliary cirrhosis or of stenotic recurrences. Prophylaxis consists in the performance of a primary surgical treatment, adequate in median and communicating hydatid cysts, avoiding the "blind" intracystic administration of scolicide solutions, which exert a caustic action on the bile ducts.
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PMID:[Sclerosing cholangitis in the evolution of a surgical hepatic hydatid cyst]. 136 83

The authors investigated whether immunocytochemical staining with a monoclonal antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA/cyclin) could be used to identify proliferative hepatocytes in frozen sections fixed in a mixture of periodate, lysine, and 2% paraformaldehyde. Paraffin sections also were used, which were fixed in 10% formaldehyde. Specimens of liver tissue were obtained from 27 patients with various hepatic diseases. Hepatocytes that were positive for PCNA/cyclin were observed in both types of substrate specimens. In acute hepatitis and chronic active hepatitis, most hepatocytes that were labeled for PCNA/cyclin were located near necrotic foci. However, in cirrhosis, they were detected most often near fibrotic septa; the number of immunoreactive cells varied greatly in different areas of tissue sections in such cases. In hepatocellular carcinoma, many PCNA/cyclin-positive tumor cells were seen throughout the neoplasms. Hepatocytes that were positive for DNA polymerase-alpha showed a similar distribution pattern in serial sections of study cases.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical identification of proliferative hepatocytes using monoclonal antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA/cyclin). Comparison with immunocytochemical staining for DNA polymerase-alpha. 137 17

We conducted a follow-up study to evaluate mortality among 14,861 workers employed in five facilities producing or using phenol and formaldehyde. More than 360,000 person-years of follow-up accrued. Mortality rates from all causes of death combined were similar to those in the general U.S. population. We observed excesses of cancer of the esophagus, cancer of the kidney, and Hodgkin's disease among workers exposed to phenol, but none of these excesses showed a dose-response relation with exposure to phenol. Excess lung cancer mortality (SMR = 1.2) showed no consistent pattern by any exposure index. Workers exposed to phenol had lower mortality ratios for cancer of the buccal cavity and pharynx, cancer of the stomach, cancer of the brain, arteriosclerotic heart disease, emphysema, disease of the digestive system, and cirrhosis of the liver. Of these, arteriosclerotic heart disease, emphysema, and cirrhosis of the liver were inversely related to duration of phenol exposure and to cumulative phenol exposure levels. Although these inverse associations may be due to chance or uncontrolled confounders, the ability of phenol to interfere with the generation of oxidants in experimental systems suggests that the pattern may have biologic plausibility.
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PMID:Mortality among industrial workers exposed to phenol. 205

We compared the jobs, estimates of exposures, and mortality experience of short-term (less than or equal to 1 year) and long-term (greater than 1 year) workers from nine plants producing formaldehyde or formaldehyde products. There were few jobs that were filled solely or primarily by newly hired workers. The estimated median level of formaldehyde exposure experienced by short-term workers on their first job was nearly identical to that for long-term workers, although short-term workers were more likely to be in jobs exposed to particulates than were long-term workers. As duration of employment increased, there was little change in the average estimated exposure level of formaldehyde, but the likelihood of being exposed to particulates decreased. Short-term workers had greater risks than long-term workers of dying from diseases of the circulatory system, arteriosclerotic heart disease, emphysema, diseases of the digestive system, cirrhosis of the liver, motor vehicle accidents, suicide and malignant neoplasms, particularly cancers of the stomach, colon, lung, prostate, and brain.
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PMID:Comparison of jobs, exposures, and mortality risks for short-term and long-term workers. 240 25

A retrospective mortality analysis was conducted in a cohort of 9,365 individuals employed as of 1940 in two chrome leather tanneries in the United States and followed to the end of 1982. Vital status as of the closing date was determined for over 95% of the cohort. Potential hazardous workplace exposures varied with department and included nitrosamines, chromate pigments, benzidine-based direct dyestuffs, formaldehyde, leather dust, and aromatic organic solvents. Mortality from all causes combined was lower than expected for each tannery, the standardized mortality ratio being 81 for one and 93 for the other. Deaths from cancer of each site, including the lung, were also lower than expected compared to those of either the population of the United States or of local state rates. A significant excess of deaths was observed, however, due to accidental causes in one tannery and cirrhosis of the liver, suicide, and alcoholism in the other. These excesses did not appear to be causally associated with occupational exposures. The findings of this study are consistent with those of the only other mortality investigation of leather tannery employees.
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PMID:Mortality of chrome leather tannery workers and chemical exposures in tanneries. 360 64

The production of fish meal from fresh and from formaldehyde- and sodium benzoate-preserved catches results in the formation of considerable dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA). This is in contrast to the prevailing opinion that only nitrite preservatives can be incriminated in producing this toxin. With capelin fish preserved in a mixture of 920 g of sodium benzoate and 920 ml of formaldehyde/hectoliter for 11 days, 7.5 mgs of DMNA/kg fish meal were produced. Pigs exposed to different daily levels of DMNA, of commercial source, proved to be rather resistant to intoxication compared with other domestic animals. Doses of 100, 200 and 500 ppm of DMNA added to a commercial pig diet, with a cumulative ingestion of 8.1 to 13.9 g pig or from 282 to 583 mg DMNA/kg body weight, resulted in extensive vasoobstructive disease over a period of 64 to 105 days. These lesions are most severe in the liver where they produce a diffuse form of cirrhosis. Additional findings include anaplastic changes in the tubules of the kidneys. A DMNA level of 15 ppm in the feed, in this experiment from fish meal, did not result in pathologic lesions over an observation period of up to 525 days.
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PMID:Dimethylnitrosamine--formation in fish meal and toxic effects in pigs. 480 17

To evaluate the potential carcinogenic effects of formaldehyde, we examined the proportionate mortality experience of embalmers licensed to practice in California. Mortality was significantly elevated for total cancer, arteriosclerotic heart disease, and suicide, whereas significant deficits were noted in mortality from diseases of the respiratory and genitourinary systems. Deaths from cancers of the brain, colon, and prostate and leukemia were significantly higher than expected. No increased mortality was seen for cancers of the respiratory tract, including the nasal passages, where an effect might be expected based on animal studies. A parallel mortality survey of embalmers from New York State showed similar findings, with excesses of brain tumors, leukemia, colon cancer, arteriosclerotic heart disease, and cirrhosis. Further investigation is needed to determine whether any of these outcomes is related to formaldehyde exposure.
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PMID:Cancer and other causes of death among embalmers. 646 19


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