Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The T lymphocytes and their subsets in the peripheral blood and spleen of the patients with idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) and liver cirrhosis were analysed using OK and Leu series monoclonal antibodies. The healthy subjects showed no difference between the OK series (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8) and the Leu series (Leu3a, Leu2a). In the patients with IPH or liver cirrhosis, the percentages of OKT3 and Leu 4 positive lymphocytes (pan T), and OKT4 and Leu3a positive lymphocytes (H/I T) were similar, but the percentages of OKT8 and Leu2a positive lymphocytes (S/C T) in the patients with IPH were slightly decreased. The changes in the T lymphocyte subsets differed among the patients, but the patients with IPH and liver cirrhosis showed a slight decrease in the mean number of H/I T and a slight increase in that of S/C T after splenectomy. Pan T and H/I T in the IPH cases were similar to those of the normal spleen, but S/C T was slightly higher than that of the normal spleen. The distribution of the lymphocytes in the spleen examined by the ABC method showed that in the normal spleen, the OKT-positive lymphocytes were concentrated around the artery. The B1-positive lymphocytes were distributed on the outer portion of the OKT3-positive lymphocytes aggregate in a mantle shape. The distribution of the OKT4-positive subset and that of the OKT3-positive subset were almost the same. OKT8-staining was seen sporadically in the medullary cord, but there were slightly more OKT8-positive lymphocytes in the medullary cord in these spleens than in the normal spleen.
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PMID:[A study of the T-lymphocytes and their subsets in the peripheral and spleen using OK and Leu series monoclonal antibodies--especially patients with idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) and liver cirrhosis]. 350 35

Thirty seven patients with established cirrhosis of the liver were subjected to measurement of body protein metabolism using L-(1-14C) labelled leucine as a tracer. The effects of disease severity and those of solutions containing 0%, 16%, 35%, 53%, and 100% branched chain amino acids were evaluated. Significant increases in protein synthesis were noted with solutions containing 35%, 53%, and 100% branched chain amino acids, but in patients receiving 100% branched chain amino acids without additional essential amino acid supplement the increase in synthesis was matched by a significant increase in protein breakdown. Protein balance was thus improved only in patients receiving 35% and 53% branched chain amino acids. It was concluded that the high increase in protein breakdown in patients receiving 100% branched chain amino acids was undesirable, and such a solution should not be recommended for clinical use.
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PMID:Effect of branched chain amino acid infusions on body protein metabolism in cirrhosis of liver. 353 14

We have measured the plasma concentration of neutral amino acids before and after an oral glucose tolerance test (100 g) in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), chronic active hepatitis (CAH), chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH), acute hepatitis in the acute stage (AHa) and acute hepatitis in the convalescent stage (AHc) and normal controls. The ratio of the concentration of an amino acid to the sum of those of the other neutral amino acids that compete during transport through the blood brain barrier (BBB), which was reported to correlate well with the brain level of the amino acid, was compared in patients with various liver diseases. The ratios of Trp (Trp/Tyr + Phe + Ile + Leu + Val), Tyr, Phe, and Val increased after glucose loading in all subjects, except Tyr in normal controls, which slightly decreased. On the other hand, Ile and Leu ratios decreased (Trp; tryptophan, Tyr; tyrosine, Phe; phenylalanine, Ile; isoleucine, Leu; leucine, Val; valine). LC showed a characteristic pattern; the ratios of Trp and Tyr were highest among all diseases at 3 hours after glucose loading, and those of Ile, Leu and Val were lowest. We assumed that delta an amino acid ratio = the amino acid ratio at 3 hrs after glucose loading minus the amino acid ratio at 0 hr. In LC, delta Trp ratio and delta Tyr ratio were highest, while delta Val ratio was lowest. The delta Phe ratios in AHa and AHc were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. From these results, the uptake of Trp and Tyr might be supposed to be highest and that of Val was lowest in LC, after glucose loading.
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PMID:Changes in plasma amino acids during the oral glucose tolerance test in hepatic diseases. 357 Jan 38

In an attempt to clarify the pathogenesis of the decreased branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) plasma concentrations in cirrhosis, the plasma clearances were measured in 7 patients with cirrhosis and in 7 age- and sex-matched control subjects. BCAA were given as prime-continuous infusions. The plasma clearances of valine, isoleucine, and leucine, calculated as infusion rate divided by steady state concentration, were low normal in cirrhotics despite hyperinsulinaemia, but different BCAA had different clearances (P less than 0.01). The endogenous basal appearance rates of BCAA, estimated by the basal concentrations multiplied by the plasma clearances, were lower in cirrhotics (P less than 0.025). The apparent theoretical volumes of distribution of BCAA, assessed by the ratio between the clearance and the concentration decay constant after infusion stop, were on average 67% of the total body weight, and were neither different among the three BCAA, nor between the two groups. The urea nitrogen synthesis rate did not increase significantly, suggesting that most of the infused BCAA nitrogen was taken up in peripheral tissues. The decreased concentration of BCAA in cirrhotics (394 +/- 81 mumol/l (mean +/- SD) in the present series vs 510 +/- 68 in controls; P less than 0.025) is not attributable to changes in plasma clearance. The most likely explanation is decreased afflux of BCAA into plasma.
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PMID:Plasma clearances of branched-chain amino acids in control subjects and in patients with cirrhosis. 357 28

We measured fasting plasma amino acids in 26 children aged 6 months to 5 years with extrahepatic biliary atresia and cirrhosis and compared them with fasting values in 95 normal control children aged 4 months to 12 years. We found that the cirrhotic children had elevations of total free plasma amino acids implying reduced hepatic metabolism of amino acids and that the molar ratio of the branched chain amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, and valine) to the aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine) was significantly depressed. Methionine was also markedly elevated, and taurine concentrations were significantly decreased. Manipulation of the amino acid distribution in dietary protein to normalize plasma amino acids prior to orthotopic hepatic transplantation may be helpful in improving amino acid utilization.
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PMID:Amino acid abnormalities in infants with extrahepatic biliary atresia and cirrhosis. 368 71

The ratio R, defined as (percent of dose of 14C)/(percent of dose of 3H) in the leucine of plasma fibrinogen, albumin, immunoglobulin G (IgG), red cell globin, and salivary mucin, was measured in 7 normal adults and in 5 cirrhotic patients during continuous intragastric infusion of 1-14C-labeled alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC) and 3H-labeled leucine. The ratio R measured in whole body protein has been shown in rat experiments to be a measure of the nutritional efficiency of KIC relative to leucine. In normal subjects, R in albumin and fibrinogen became constant (0.63 +/- 0.05) after the third hour and were indistinguishable from one another. The ratio R in IgG was similar and constant. The ratio R in plasma leucine (0.62 +/- 0.06) was significantly lower than R in mucin (0.86 +/- 0.04) or globin (0.73 +/- 0.04), indicating that these latter proteins derive a significant fraction of their leucine from KIC transaminated locally, rather than from circulating leucine. Results in 5 cirrhotic patients were the same, except that R in IgG and R in globin were significantly increased. Thus, cirrhosis does not alter the efficiency, relative to leucine, with which oral KIC is used for synthesis of export proteins by the liver, but increases the efficiency with which it is used for the synthesis of some proteins peripherally.
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PMID:Utilization of alpha-ketoisocaproate for synthesis of hepatic export proteins and peripheral proteins in normal and cirrhotic subjects. 369 3

Liver cirrhosis was induced by consecutive CCl4-treatment of rats (0.5 ml/kg, s.c., 2 times/week) to investigate the effect of TRQ on the acceleration of fibrosis in the liver. An increase of hydroxyproline content in the liver of rats began 12 weeks after the CCl4 treatment and a 1.9-fold increase was observed at week 14 compared with non-CCl4 treated rats. Histamine in the liver increased about 2 times at week 14. Increased numbers of mast cells were seen in the area of proliferated collagen fiber in the liver under microscopic observation, and also a good correlation was recognized between the number of mast cells and the progression of fibrosis. An administration of TRQ to the rats for 2 weeks from week 13 resulted in significant suppression of both the increase in hydroxyproline and histamine in the liver dose-dependently compared with the CCl4 control group. Both progression of collagen and increase in mast cell numbers were also suppressed by TRQ dose-dependently under histopathological observation; at the same time the decrease in mast cells was recognized to correspond to the decrease in hydroxyproline and histamine in the liver. Thus, it was suggested that increased mast cells participated in the biosynthesis of collagen. Though the elevated serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and leucine amino peptidase were also suppressed by TRQ administration, the protein biosynthesis activity of the liver and lowered serum total cholesterol were not improved as much as the other parameters. From these results, it was shown that TRQ was especially and remarkably effective in suppressing the acceleration of fibrosis, and one of the pharmacological mechanisms of this action may be ascribed to the inhibitory effect of TRQ on the activation of mast cells by some stimulants.
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PMID:[Suppressive effect of tritoqualine (TRQ) on the acceleration of fibrosis in the liver]. 371 Mar 12

The incorporation of orally administered 1-14C-alpha-ketoisocaproate into the leucine of proteins in rats was compared with the incorporation of [3H]leucine itself administered simultaneously and expressed as a ratio, R. This ratio in whole body protein has been shown to be approximately equal to the nutritional efficiency of alpha-ketoisocaproate as a dietary substitute for leucine. In normal rats on a 14% protein diet, R in whole body protein (0.30 +/- 0.01) and in the protein of various organs was the same whether the isotopes were given by single injection or 6-hr constant infusion. Thus, both techniques yield the same time-independent parameter, R, which measures the relative efficiency of alpha-ketoisocaproate as a substitute for leucine. R varied between organs as follows: liver (0.22 +/- 0.01) less than kidney less than heart less than salivary gland less than brain less than muscle (0.42 +/- 0.01). In rats with galactosamine-induced acute liver failure (Group I), carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis (Group II), or portal-systemic shunts (Group III), whole body protein R and R in the protein of organs other than the liver was generally increased compared with controls, as was R in circulating IgG in Group III; R in liver protein was unchanged (Groups II and III) or slightly lower than controls (Group I). Thus, severe liver disease and portal-systemic shunting both increase the utilization of alpha-ketoisocaproate for synthesis of protein in the body as a whole and in most organs. In the liver, however, alpha-ketoisocaproate utilization for protein synthesis is unaffected or slightly reduced.
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PMID:Effect of experimental liver disease on the utilization for protein synthesis of orally administered alpha-ketoisocaproate. 371 Apr 35

Amino acid levels were measured in the plasma and ascitic fluid of 13 alcoholic patients with liver cirrhosis and of 14 normal controls. The plasma aromatic amino acids of the alcoholic patients were not statistically different from those of the control subjects, whereas the levels of branched-chain amino acids were reduced (P less than 0.05). The values for the ratio of the muscle/liver metabolized amino acids (valine + isoleucine + leucine)/(phenylalanine + tyrosine + methionine) were statistically lower in the cirrhotic patients both in plasma and ascitic fluid (P less than 0.05). The amino acid levels in the ascitic fluid of the cirrhotic patients were slightly lower than those in the plasma of the same patients and the values for the muscle/liver metabolized amino acid ratio were similar in plasma and ascitic fluid. Aspartic acid, glutamic acid and glycine levels were higher among the cirrhotic patients (P less than 0.05). Cirrhotic patients present an alteration in amino acid metabolism which creates a different amino acid pattern in both plasma and ascitic fluid. The significance of the proposed ratio and its possible relation to hepatic failure are discussed.
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PMID:Amino acid patterns in the plasma and ascitic fluid of cirrhotic patients. 383 4

Changes in amino acid concentrations in plasma during a 100 g oral glucose tolerance test were investigated in patients with liver cirrhosis and in healthy controls. In the controls, almost all amino acid concentrations reached a nadir about 3 hours after glucose loading, then returned to initial levels after 6 hours. Immunoreactive insulin levels reached a peak about 30 minutes after loading, then decreased gradually, reaching initial levels after 6 hours. In the controls, the decrease ratios, defined as maximum decrease during the 3 hours after loading/initial concentration in plasma, were 0.607 and 0.554 for isoleucine (Ile) and leucine (Leu) respectively and 0.382 for valine (Val) which is significantly lower than for Ile or Leu. A similar tendency was recognized in patients with liver cirrhosis. The initial concentration of tyrosine (Tyr) and phenylalanine (Phe) in liver cirrhosis was significantly higher and their decrease ratios were significantly lower than in controls. Though no difference was observed between initial concentrations of tryptophan (Trp) in controls and liver cirrhosis patients, the decrease ratio of Trp in liver cirrhosis was lower (0.061) than that of controls (0.279) (p less than 0.001). The value, t-Trp/BCAA + AAA, i.e. total Trp concentration (mmol/l)/concentration (mmol/l) of branched chain amino acids (BCAA, Ile + Leu + Val) plus aromatic amino acids (AAA, Tyr + Phe), which is known to correlate with the brain Trp concentration of rats (Fernstrom, J. D. & Wurtman, R. J. (1972) Science 178, 414-416), changed significantly from 9.6 +/- 2.4 (mean +/- 1 SD) at the initiation to 12.9 +/- 3.3 at 3 hours after loading in controls (p less than 0.001), and in liver cirrhosis it changed from 10.3 +/- 1.9 to 15.8 +/- 3.1 (p less than 0.001).
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PMID:Changes in plasma amino acids during the oral glucose tolerance test and the effect of these changes on hepatic encephalopathy. 389 65


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