Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatic lymphography by intra-parenchymal injection of four to ten millilitres (ml) of lipiodol ultrafluid, our modification of functional hepatography, performed on sixty one patients helped study lymphatic dynamics of liver. In conditions associated with significant hepatic venous outflow obstructions, such as hepatic cirrhosis, inflammatory diseases of liver and primary or secondary malignant lesions of the liver, this study delineated liver lymphatics and portal and para aortic lymph nodes. In one case mediastinal nodes were also delineated by flow of lipiodol from the bare area of the liver via trans-diaphragmatic and pleural lymphatic. The lymphangio-architecture of the opacified nodes depicted the nature of pathology inflicting them and the liver. Lipiodol in the lymphatic system, staying longer than the freely diffusible aqueous contrast, provided more detail and better information.
Lymphology 1978 Sep
PMID:Lymphatic dynamics of liver by hepatic lymphography using lipiodol ultra fluid. 21 61

CT can clearly demonstrate dilation of intra- and extra-hepatic bile ducts due to mechanical obstruction. Note is made that the intrahepatic bile must not necessarily participate in dilation in obstructive jaundice. The cause in 27 cases observed in our institutions was as follows: 16 pancreatic tumors; 1 stone; 2 extrahepatic bile duct obstructions; 4 liver lesions (tumor and cirrhosis) and 4 with cause unknown. Furthermore, CT is helpful in the evaluation of hepatogenic non-obstructive jaundice such as due to primary liver cell carcinoma (hepatoma), metastases to the liver and advanced cirrhosis of the liver. The value of CT in the evaluation of different types of cholestasis is demonstrated by several exemplary cases; and the problems of differential diagnosis are pointed out.
Radiologe 1979 Sep
PMID:[Computerized tomography in the evaluation (author's transl)]. 22 56

This paper presents the preliminary results with the SPTU stapling gun for oesophageal transection in the treatment of bleeding oesophageal varices. Porta-systemic shunt was contraindicated in all 12 patients treated, 10 of whom had cirrhosis. Anastomotic leakage and recurrent bleeding were not problems, but stricture formation was, 4 of the 11 survivors requiring dilatation. The average period of follow-up is only 7 months, but early results encourage further trial of the method for the increasing numbers of 'shunt rejects'.
Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1977 Sep
PMID:Treatment of bleeding varices by oesophageal transection with the SPTU gun. 30 65

Personal experience with respect to the diagnosis and treatment of bleeding oesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis is described. Diagnosis is directed both to the establishment of the site of bleeding and the disease responsible and to the evaluation of risk in view of the possibliity of portal decompression. Treatment is aimed at stopping bleeding and at lowering this risk so that as many patients as possible can be operated with an acceptable degree of surgical risk.
Minerva Chir 1978 Sep 15
PMID:[Experience in the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices]. 30 22

Prealbumin (PA) measurements were made by electrophoretic and radial immunodiffusion techniques in three alpha-1-antitrypsin deficient Pi-D) serum samples. The deficiency was characterized as phenotype ZZ (homozygous). In two out of three serums PA was undetectable, as revealed by the absence of radiothyroxine distribution in the PA area, whereas quantitative estimates of PA by radial immunodiffusion showed very low levels (2--7 mg/100 ml) thus corroborating electrophoretic observations; low PA binding of T4 tracer was noted in another Pi-D serum. The total protein and laboratory thyroid function (thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and free thyroxine index concentration) measurements were normal, and the decrease in PA could not be explained on the basis of surgery, protein malnutrition, or cirrhosis. These and other observations described in this preliminary communication have served to raise the possibility of severe prealbumin deficiency being associated with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, while the presence of low-but-not-absent PA in another Pi-D case might also suggest subgroup classification of the phenotype ZZ based on degrees of PA deficiency.
Metabolism 1979 Sep
PMID:Association of prealbumin deficiency with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. 31 60

Antitrypsin activity was measured in 50 healthy controls and 100 cases of Indian Childhood Cirrhosis (ICC). The incidence of alpha-I anti-trypsin (Alpha I-AT) enzyme deficiency was strinkingly higher in cases of cirrhosis (39.0%) than in healthy controls (4%). The enzyme deficiency was more prevalent in severe grades of cirrhosis (51.5%) as compared to mild (17.6%) and moderate cirrhosis (38%). Liver function tests were severely deranged in enzyme deficient cirrhotics and the damage to the liver was directly proportional to the extent of the enzyme deficiency. The incidence of the family history of ICC was noted significantly higher in enzyme deficient cases (20%) as compared to non-deficient cases (3.3%). The enzyme deficiency was also measured in 160 first blood relatives of the deficient cirrhotics and was found to be deficient in 19.4% subjects. It is probable that the deficiency runs in families with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
Trop Geogr Med 1979 Sep
PMID:alpha-I antitrypsin enzyme deficiency in Indian childhood cirrhosis. 31 92

Autopsy of a 3200-year-old Egyptian mummy by an international multidisciplinary team yielded much information about diseases of the ancient past. Major contributions were made by the disciplines of anatomy, dentistry, genetics, hematology, histology, microbiology, nuclear medicine, occupational medicine, orthopedic surgery, otolaryngology, pathology, pediatrics, plastic surgery, radiology and virology. Scientists from Toronto, Detroit, Philadelphia and Cardiff participated in the investigation. The following were the main findings of medical interest: skeleton, infection or malnutrition as suggested by Harris's lines in distal femoral metaphyses; muscle (intercostal), cyst of Trichinella spiralis; lungs, deposits of anthracotic pigment and granite particles; spleen, enlargement with evidence of possible rupture; liver, early cirrhosis and calcified ova of Schistosoma sp.; kidney, calcified ova of Schistosoma sp.; and large and small intestines, calcified ova of Schistosoma and Taenia spp. This autopsy demonstrated the value of well coordinated efforts by specialists in various medical disciplines. Such efforts are essential when such a rare scientific endeavour is to yield a maximum of useful and reliable information.
Can Med Assoc J 1977 Sep 03
PMID:Autopsy of an Egyptian mummy (Nakht--ROM I). 33 99

Of 103 patients with the syndrome of primary biliary cirrhosis (chronic, nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis) who entered a double-blind, randomized, controlled treatment trial with either D-penicillamine or placebo, 21 (20%) were asymptomatic with respect to their liver disease. Study of these 21 patients revealed that (1) 43% of patients with asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis had advanced histologic lesions (fibrosis or cirrhosis); (2) asymptomatic patients with advanced histologic lesions likely have had their disease for 10 years or more; (3) stage of primary biliary cirrhosis may remain unchanged for years; and (4) most asymptomatic patients receiving D-penicillamine, when compared with patients given placebo, had improved liver function tests at 1-year follow-up. However, the incidence of major toxicity with D-penicillamine for primary biliary cirrhosis in a maintenance dose of 1 g approximates 20%. Furthermore, one of our patients who was asymptomatic but who had advanced histologic changes died recently from D-penicillamine-associated bone marrow suppression. It remains to be determined whether the benefit-to-risk ratio of D-penicillamine in primary biliary cirrhosis justifies its use.
Mayo Clin Proc 1978 Sep
PMID:Asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis. Presentation, histology, and results with D-penicillamine. 35 32

Many reports have demonstrated an elevation of circulating carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the majority of patients with alcoholic liver disease and, less frequently, in patients with nonalcoholic liver disease. Several explanations for this finding have been proposed, eg, increased production or release of CEA by the damaged liver, decreased hepatic metabolism, or diminished excretion of CEA of extrahepatic origin. In an attempt to clarify the mechanism of CEA elevation in liver disease, we have compared the CEA plasma level as measured by radioimmunoassay with CEA demonstrable in liver tissue by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique in 7 patients without significant changes in the liver biopsy specimen, 23 patients with alcoholic liver disease, and 16 patients with miscellaneous liver diseases such as acute or chronic nonalcoholic hepatitis or extrahepatic biliary obstruction. The mean CEA plasma level in patients with alcoholic liver disease was significantly higher than in patients with nonalcoholic liver disease (8.8 +/- 9.5 vs 2.7 +/- 2.5 ng/ml; P less than 0.02). In normal liver tissue, CEA was observed in the apical cytoplasm and along the luminal surface of bile duct epithelial cells, suggesting that under normal conditions CEA accumulates in and is excreted by bile ducts. In patients with alcoholic hepatitis and/or cirrhosis there was marked bile ductular proliferation and prominent cytoplasmic CEA-specific staining and both were associated with elevated CEA plasma levels in more than 80% of cases. In the group of miscellaneous liver diseases, bile ductule counts and CEA-specific staining did not correlate with CEA plasma levels. These observations suggest that proliferating bile ductules contribute to elevated plasma CEA in alcoholic patients.
Am J Pathol 1978 Sep
PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen in normal and diseased liver tissue. 35 25

Eight cases of liver disease associated with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency are described. Six of the cases, including the only childhood case, showed no evidence of lung disease. An occult but variable clinical course is defined in this disorder. A spectrum in the severity of tissue change was noted, and in some instances, extensive liver disease was correlated with relatively minor derangement in liver function. While this form of liver disease is uncommon, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of adult liver disease. Screening for alpha-1-antitrypsin globules in periodic acid-Schiff stained liver tissue sections should be considered in certain cases of cryptogenic liver disease in adults, particularly when advanced disease presents suddenly, where micronodular (portal) cirrhosis is unrelated to excessive alcohol use, or where tissue changes exceed those anticipated from serum biochemical abnormalities. In most of these cases, tissue findings from liver biopsy or autopsy, rather than clinical suspicion, led to the diagnosis. The availability of a simple and reliable immunoperoxidase technique, applicable to routinely processed tissue samples, allowed for rapid and specific diagnosis in all cases. This immunocytochemical method has proven its usefulness in the prospective and retrospective tissue diagnosis of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and associated liver disease.
Am J Surg Pathol 1978 Sep
PMID:Immunocytochemical diagnosis of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. 35 32


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