Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Glucose turnover and recycling from glucose derived 3-carbon intermediates were examined in overnight fasted patients with compensated hepatic cirrhosis and in age- and weight-matched normal control subjects. Fasting blood concentrations of glucose, lactate and glycerol were similar in both groups but blood pyruvate (60 +/- 10 vs. 80 +/- mumol/l, P less than 0.05), blood alanine (0.23 +/- 0.02 vs 0.34 +/- 0.02 mmol/l, P less than 0.01) were decreased and serum insulin increased (19 [13-24]v 7 [4-11] mU/l, P less than 0.01) in cirrhotic subjects. Absolute glucose turnover, assessed by analysis of decay of [3H]-3-glucose specific activity was decreased in cirrhotic patients (8.1 +/- 0.6 v 12.1 +/- 0.7 mol/kg-1 min-1). Glucose "recycling", assessed by the difference between absolute glucose turnover and that given by [14C]-1-glucose data, was normal in cirrhotic patients suggesting that Cori cycle (glucose-lactate-glucose) activity was normal. These data support previous findings of decreased peripheral glucose utilisation and insulin resistance in cirrhotic patients.
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PMID:Glucose turnover in compensated hepatic cirrhosis. 381 49

In 16 healthy volunteers and in 39 patients with liver diseases (fatty liver, chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis) a simplified aminopyrine breath test (ABT) was carried out using a "tracer" dose of 3 mg (111 kBq) 14C-aminopyrine. The exhaled 14CO2 measured 1 h after intake amounted to values between 771 and 1337 DPM/mmol CO2/70 kg body weight in healthy controls. The amount of exhaled 14CO2 decreased in the order: fatty liver greater than chronic, active hepatitis greater than active, compensated cirrhosis greater than active, decompensated cirrhosis. Between the values of ABT and various conventional laboratory liver tests (alanine-aminotransferase, alanine-aminopeptidase, aspartate-aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, total serum bilirubin) significant correlations were found (r = 0.6019 to 0.7765, n = 55; p less than 0.001). The proposed modification of the breath test is of advantage in that it requires a very low dose of aminopyrine and is easily practicable.
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PMID:A simple method for routine determination of the metabolic liver capacity: the aminopyrine breath test. 392 2

In the past 10 years we have examined 20 children with inflammatory liver disease associated with high serum titers of anti-liver-kidney microsome antibody (anti-LKM). The first hepatic symptoms were progressive fatigue and jaundice, the fortuitous finding of hepatomegaly or splenomegaly with raised transaminase activity, or an acute hepatitis-like illness. At the time of diagnosis, hepatomegaly was present in 18 children, splenomegaly in 16, jaundice in nine, and ascites in two. Serum alanine transferase activities were elevated in all but two, who had already received steroids. Serum total gammaglobulin values were greater than 2.0 gm/dl in 16 children, prothrombin activity less than or equal to 60% in six, and serum titer of anti-LKM between 1:100 and 1:100,000. All children but one had cirrhosis, and histologic signs of aggressivity were present in 14. In 11 children one or more extrahepatic diseases were present, including type 1 diabetes, vitiligo, glomerulonephritis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, hypoglycemia with hyperinsulinism, autoimmune thyroiditis, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis with hypoparathyroidism, and multiple cutaneous and visceral telangiectasias. Treatment with prednisone and azathioprine improved the liver condition in 16 of the 18 patients given treatment. In eight of them discontinuation of treatment resulted in rapid relapse; 14 are still receiving treatment and have stable hepatic function with follow-up from 8 months to 6 1/2 years. Only two are free of treatment. Four children died, two in spite of immunosuppressive therapy, one during a relapse, and one of extrahepatic disease. These results indicate that this autoimmune inflammatory liver disease may have onset early in life, with several clinical patterns; is frequently associated with certain types of extrahepatic manifestations of autoimmune origin; and is a potentially fatal disease for which immunosuppressive treatment must be started early.
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PMID:Liver disease associated with anti-liver-kidney microsome antibody in children. 395 Aug 19

The subcellular localization of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.44 L-Alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase) of adult human liver was examined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The enzyme sedimented at the same density as catalase, indicating that it was localized in the peroxisomes. Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase activity in the liver of patients with cirrhosis was about 65% of that of normal liver or 71% of that from patients with chronic hepatitis, but its activity in the serum of patients with cirrhosis was higher than that from patients with chronic hepatitis. Patterns of activity of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase in liver and serum differed from those of aspartate-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase and ornithine carbamoyltransferase that have a different intracellular location. Serum immunoreactive alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (Im-AGT) was measured by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA). The Im-AGT levels (mean +/- SEM) in acute (80 +/- 13 micrograms/L) and chronic (72 +/- 4 micrograms/L) hepatitis were higher than those of normal controls (44 +/- 1 micrograms/L). However, the difference between acute and chronic hepatitis was not statistically significant. The level in liver cirrhosis (54 +/- 3 micrograms/L) was lower than those of the hepatitides but higher than that of normal controls. The apparent half-life of serum Im-AGT of patients who underwent liver lobectomy by a microwave tissue coagulation method was approximately 3-4 days.
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PMID:Peroxisome localized human hepatic alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase and its application to clinical diagnosis. 405 44

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of somatostatin (500 microgram/h intravenously) upon insulin, c-peptide, glucagon and plasma amino acids concentrations in patients with and without cirrhosis of the liver. The typical plasma amino acid pattern in cirrhosis is characterised by increased concentrations of the aromatic amino acids and decreased concentrations of the branched chain amino acids and of alanine and glycine. After administration of somatostatin insulin, c-peptide and glucagon concentrations decreased and those of the branched chain amino acids in both groups increased; in addition in patients with cirrhosis the plasma concentrations of threonine, serine, glycine, alanine, lysine, and arginine increased also. Infusion of somatostatin plus insulin in patients with cirrhosis succeeded in preventing the increase in the branched chain amino acid concentrations, while the infusion of somatostatin plus glucagon decreased threonine, serine, glycine, alinine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, lysine and arginine concentrations. It is therefore suggested that the effect of somatostatin on the plasma amino acids may be because of the reduction of insulin and glucagon concentrations; however, other effects of somatostatin cannot be excluded at present.
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PMID:Correction of altered plasma amino acid pattern in cirrhosis of the liver by somatostatin. 614 82

Splanchnic arteriovenous differences for several intermediary metabolites of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were determined simultaneously with hepatic blood flow in seven normal subjects, eight patients with cirrhosis, and six patients with cirrhosis after surgical portosystemic shunt ( SPSS ) after an overnight fast. Arteriovenous differences in the legs were also determined together with flux measurement. The individual turnover rates of acetoacetate (AcAc) and 3 hydroxybutyrate (beta OHB) were also determined by means of isotopic techniques. Splanchnic gluconeogenic precursors and FFA uptakes were lower in cirrhotic patients with SPSS than in normal subjects (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively). Splanchnic triglyceride output was also lower in cirrhotic patients with SPSS than in normal subjects (P less than 0.01), whereas no significant differences were found for AcAc, beta OHB, and glucose release. In the group of cirrhotic patients without SPSS , those patients with negligible signs of portal systemic shunt and normal splanchnic blood flow had uptake of gluconeogenic precursors and of FFA normal or higher than that of normal subjects, whereas those patients with signs of spontaneous portal systemic shunt behaved like cirrhotic patients with SPSS . Alanine release from the leg was lower in both cirrhotic patient groups. Tracer determined hepatic output of AcAc and beta OHB was higher in cirrhotic patients with SPSS (P less than 0.05). Plasma clearance rates of AcAc and beta OHB were significantly elevated in both cirrhotic patient groups. Close agreement was found between tracer and catheterization techniques in the evaluation of ketone body production in cirrhotic patients with SPSS , whereas in cirrhotic patients without SPSS tracer determined hepatic output was slightly lower, possibly because of extrahepatic splanchnic tissue ketone body uptake. In conclusion, our data in patients with cirrhosis indicate that: 1) splanchnic uptake of gluconeogenic precursors and of FFA was related to the degree of portal systemic shunt, e.g. to the degree of effective hepatic blood flow; 2) liver triglyceride but not ketone body output was decreased by the impaired FFA (and glycerol) liver uptake; 3) the higher circulating levels of gluconeogenic precursors (except alanine) and of FFA appeared at least partially due to lower hepatic removal of these metabolites; and 4) peripheral use of ketone bodies was increased and alanine release from the leg reduced in patients with cirrhosis.
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PMID:Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in cirrhosis. Evidence that hepatic uptake of gluconeogenic precursors and of free fatty acids depends on effective hepatic flow. 637 11

An assay measuring the thrombin inactivating effect of human plasma in the presence of dermatan sulfate (DS) is described. Test plasma, diluted 1/50, is incubated with human thrombin in the presence of DS. Remaining thrombin is determined with chromogenic substrate 2AcOH . H-D-CHG-Ala-Arg-pNA. Three dilutions of reference plasma suffice and the standard curve is linear. Antithrombin III (AT) exerts a small (3-8%) effect in the assay. When test plasma contains heparin above 0.05 U/ml, this unspecific effect of AT increases, but it may be abolished by antibodies against AT. In a normal material (n = 50), the SD of DS cofactor activity was greater (15%) than that of AT (8.7%). DS cofactor was normal in hereditary AT deficiency and in 15 patients with deep venous thrombosis. In liver cirrhosis and in DIC, both inhibitors were markedly depressed, to similar degrees (r = 0.84).
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PMID:Assay of dermatan sulfate cofactor (heparin cofactor II) activity in human plasma. 654 86

The contents of desmosine and isodesmosine, the cross-linking amino acids of elastin, were increased 4-fold in rat liver with carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis, which suggests that insoluble elastin accumulates in cirrhosis. Elastase activity in the cirrhotic liver, as determined with 3-carboxypropionyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-alanine p-nitroanilide, was 17% less than in the normal liver; no change was found when Congo Red-elastin was used as a substrate.
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PMID:Desmosine and isodesmosine contents and elastase activity in normal and cirrhotic rat liver. 655 69

A simplified method for the assay of antithrombin III (AT) with the highly reactive thrombin substrate 2AcOH X H-D-CHG-Ala-Arg-pNA (substrate Th-1) is described. The assay may be performed at either 30 degrees C or 37 degrees C, and alternatively with the substrate H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA (S-2238). The standard curve is linear in the 12.5-150% range. For routine assays, 3 standard dilutions of plasma are sufficient, and these may be stored at -20 degrees C for 3 weeks. As only the test plasma must be diluted prior to the assay procedure, the test is more rapidly performed than previous manual assays. In 80 patients plasma samples, with AT in the 19-108% range, there was a high correlation with the results of immunoquantification (r = 0.96). There was also a high correlation between the results obtained with the manual method and the automated version described using the Cobas-Bio Centrifugal Analyser and substrate Th-1 (r = 0.96). Low AT levels in hereditary deficiency (particularly during heparin treatment), in liver cirrhosis, in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and heparin-treated thrombosis were confirmed.
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PMID:Simplified assay for antithrombin III activity using chromogenic peptide substrate. Manual and automated method. 664 56

In this work, we studied the changes in human skin collagen occurring in diabetes mellitus and liver cirrhosis. The original methodology, based on the determination of the amino acids proline, 4-hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, glycine and alanine, allowed us to reveal in skin a change in collagen in diabetes mellitus but none in liver cirrhosis. This biochemical evidence was correlated to the histological investigation. Moreover, diabetes mellitus did not involve any changes in hydroxylation of polypeptidic lysine. This latter observation was in accordance with the accumulation of normal collagen regarding amino acid composition only, and the results suggest a preferential accumulation of collagen type III in skin, in diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Consequences of diabetes mellitus or liver cirrhosis on total collagen in human skin biopsies. 674 72


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