Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) level was estimated in 132 patients with different liver diseases (chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis, postnecrotic cirrhosis, chronic alcholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis, cholestasis syndrome, fatty liver, Gilbert disease) and malignancies with and without liver involvement. The gamma-GT levels were compared with the values for serum bilirubin, transaminases (GOT, GPT) and alkaline phosphatase in the same patients. gamma-GT values were normal in chronic persistent hepatitis and increased in chronic active hepatitis. Very high activities were measured in chronic alcoholic cirrhosis in contrast to postnecrotic cirrhosis. gamma-GT proved to be more sensitive than alkaline phosphate as an index of cholestasis and liver involvement in malignancies. It is suggested that gamma-GT activity offers valuable aid in differential diagnostics of liver-diseases. gamma-GT being an inducible enzyme, its activity may be raised by enzyme inducing drugs also in subjects without liver disease.
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PMID:Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: its clinical significance. 2 44

Isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma GT) have been studied in patients with increased total ALP. Fractionation of alkaline phosphatase yielded clinical information which could not be obtained by determination ALP and gamma GT alone. 1. There was a high degree of correlation between isoALP 1 (biliary band) and total gamma GT. 2. The ALP2 fraction increases after cytolysis in acute and chronic hepatitis. 3. A new ALP4 fraction appears, probably due to fibroblastic activity, in some histological types of cirrhosis.
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PMID:Studies on alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in hepatic diseases. Relation to gamma-glutamyltransferase. 2 29

The interpretation of the morphological features of alcoholic hepatitis is discussed in terms of a comparison with the results of an ultrastructural and histoenzymological study of the liver biopsies of nine patients. In these patients liver biopsies were performed in the initial stage of the illness and fifteen days after five were re-biopsied, when the clinical and biological signs were improved. The correlations between morphological and biological data were good, especially for the levels of serological and histoenzymological alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase evaluations. However, when histological appearances had returned to normal, after two weeks of abstinence from alcohol several histological and ultrastructural features of the initial hepatitis persisted. The presence of evolving cirrhosis was a contributing factor to the severity of the changes seen. Morphologically, apart from the changes due to chronic alcoholic intoxication (steatosis, mitochondrial alteration), the hepatitic lesions comprise Mallory's bodies, cytoplasmic oedema and mitochondrial swelling. Cholestasis was invariably present. Histo-enzymologically there was a reduction in ATPase activity suggesting a metabolic failure in the energy producing pathways. In addition, in the periphery of lobules an active cirrhotic process was present, with tubular de-differentiation of hepatocytes and an increase in gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase on the cytoplasmic membrane. Because of the absence of any topographical relationship between hepatitis and cirrhosis, the presence of lymphocytes in the neighbourhood of the ductules suggested an indirect relationship between both processes, perhaps an autoimmune response initiated by Mallory's bodies.
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PMID:[The hepatocyte in acute alcoholic hepatitis. Histoenzymological and ultrastructural analysis (author's transl)]. 3 Oct 27

An unusual nodular lesion of the liver is reported. The appearances closely resembled those described in cases referred to as partial nodular transformation, but there were several unusual features; these included areas with the appearances of cirrhosis, and significantly raised alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase. Differentiation of this condition from other nodular lesions described in the literature is discussed. In the case reported here the Rose Waaler and Latex tests were also positive and this may be significant in view of certain types of nodular conditions described in some rheumatoid conditions. Although it is quite possible that these various lesions are related histogenetically, until more information becomes available, it is proposed that the lesion described here represents a variant of partial nodular transformation in which the changes in some areas have progressed to a stage of fibrosis.
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PMID:An unusual nodular lesion of the liver: probable partial nodular transformation. 3 29

The presence of alpha-1-fetoprotein, the heat stable alkaline phosphatase and Australia antigen was examined in 103 patients with porphyria cutanea tarda, 300 patients with cirrhosis and 18 patients with primary liver carcinoma. The heat stable alkaline phosphatase was determined in 46 percent of patients with porphyria cutanea tarda and in 61 percent of patients with primary liver carcinoma. Alpha-1-fetoprotein was detected in 61 percent of patients with primary liver carcinoma and in 2 patients with porphyria cutanea tarda in whom primary liver carcinoma was proved later. The simultaneous occurrence of alpha-1-fetoprotein and the heat stable alkaline phosphatase was found in 50 percent of cases with primary liver carcinoma. Neither the patients with porphyria cutanea tarda nor the patients with cirrhosis were Australia-antigen positive. Australia-antigen could be detected only in one patient with alpha-1-fetoprotein positive-carcinoma of the liver.
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PMID:Alpha-1-fetoprotein and the heat stable alkaline phosphatase in some liver diseases. 4 25

In exsudate cells separated from serous body cavities of 29 tumour patients and 30 patients with inflammatory and congestive effusion in cardiac failure or liver cirrhosis respectively the activities of acid and alkaline phosphatase were determined. In addition to sudanophilia the cell content of glycogen and that of ribonucleinic acid were evaluated. By means of cytochemical findings it could be found that an increase of unspecific esterase, acid phosphatase and ribonucleic acid in atypical cells points to a malignous ethiology of the exudate.
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PMID:[Cytochemical tests on sediment cells of malignant and benign exudates]. 5 3

The clinical features of 57 autopsied cases of intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma including 28 cases of the peripheral type (cholangiocarcinoma in the narrow sense) and 29 cases of the hilar type are described in comparison with those of hepatocellular carcinoma, with a review of the literature on the clinicopathological aspects of intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. As compared with hepatocellular carcinoma, the average age of the patients was older; the male predominance was not obvious, chronic parenchymal liver disease was infrequent in the past history, association of primary cirrhosis was seldom, cholestatic features were frequently the early signs and more pronounced during the course, the liver was enlarged to a lesser extent, ascites was less common, signs of portal hypertension were absent or minimal, and extrahepatic metastases were less frequent. In many respects, the hilar type resembled extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma, and the peripheral type was somewhat between it and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the overall survival was not much different from that for hepatocellular carcinoma, early diagnosis is emphasized; this would make surgical management possible. Differential diagnosis from hepatocellular carcinoma may be possible in the majority with direct cholangiography, liver scan, celiac angiography, determination of alpha-fetoprotein and hepatitis B antigen, and blood chemistry such as SGOT, SLDH, serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. Illustrative cases are given including one patient with a hilar carcinoma who survived for more than 2 years after transhepatic biliary drainage.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma including hilar carcinoma: a study of 57 autopsy-proven cases. 6 93

24 hour hydroxyprolinuria was measured in 50 chronic alcoholics divided up into those with simple alcoholism and those complicated by cirrhosis. All the patients had a significant increase in hydroxyprolinuria. Without there being any difference between cirrhotics and alcoholics without cirrhosis. Comparison between hydroxyprolinuria and the tests usually used to follow the course of hepatic involvement in chronic alcoholism: IgA, transferrin, electrophoresis of serum proteins, alkaline phosphatase, show that there is no correlation between hydroxyprolinuria and the diagnostic or prognostic tests of an alcoholic liver among which the variable IgA is the most significant. On the other hand, hydroxyprolinuria has a linear correlation with the calciuria, which suggests that the increase in hydroxyprolinuria in chronic alcoholics is more related to changes in the collagen of bone tissue than with those in liver tissue.
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PMID:[Discussion of the interest of estimation of hydroxyprolinuria in chronic alcoholism (author's transl)]. 8 Jan 46

The determination of enzyme activity in serum for the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis has become increasingly popular. According to the author's experience serum aminotransferase is raised in about 100% of cases of chronic active hepatitis and also in active cirrhosis, but in only about 70--80% of persisting hepatitis or in moderately active chronic hepatitis. They are frequently normal in inactive cirrhosis. After aminotransferases the alkaline phosphatase is of great importance for the differential diagnosis of icterus. If aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase are determined at the same time, every cholestatic icterus can be diagnosed with certainty.
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PMID:[Clinical enzyme diagnosis in chronic hepatitis. Possibilities and limitations (author's transl)]. 10 40

The author examined the enzymatic activity in the intestinal mucosa under the conditions of rat liver cirrhosis, experimentaly induced by carbon tetrachloride. There was a correlative connection between liver damage and the functional activity of the intestines, manifested by the inhibition of the activity of the membrane enzymes-alkaline phosphatase and aminopetidase as well as the activity of acid phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase.
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PMID:[Enzymatic changes in the mucous membrane of the small intestine in tetrachlormethane-induced experimental liver cirrhosis]. 13 44


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