Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens from 110 cases of chronic hepatitis and 108 cases of cirrhosis were stained for HBxAg by the avidin-biotin complex technique using specific antisera made against full-length HBxAg polypeptide or derived synthetic peptides. These tissues were also stained for the HBsAg and HBcAg by the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method. Among patients with chronic hepatitis, 86% were HBsAg positive in liver cells, 60% were surface antigen positive and 32% were core antigen positive. Among patients with cirrhosis, 97% were HBsAg positive in liver cells, 72% were surface antigen positive and 17% were positive for core antigen. Staining specificity was demonstrated, in part, by using preimmune sera in the place of primary antibody, by blocking of the primary antibody with the appropriate antigen before assay and by testing uninfected liver controls. The persistence and high frequency of HBxAg in liver cells from patients with chronic liver disease suggest that it may play one or more important roles in the pathogenesis of chronic infection. It is possible that detection of HBxAg in the liver could be an additional new diagnostic marker for hepatitis B virus infection. However, the function(s) of HBxAg in the pathogenesis of the chronic liver disease, if any, remains to be explained.
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PMID:HBxAg in the liver from carrier patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. 171 39

To clarify the significance of the X gene of hepatitis B virus, we have tested for anti-HBx in the serum and HBxAg in the liver at different stages of the natural history of hepatitis B virus infection. Sera were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and positive results confirmed by immunoblot. Purified recombinant MS2 Pol-HBx fusion protein was used as target for both assays. Among serial sera of patients with nonfulminant acute hepatitis, 24 of 64 patients (37.5%) were positive for anti-HBx. In fulminant cases, 15 of 36 patients (42%) had anti-HBx. In chronic hepatitis patients with high rates of hepatitis B virus replication, we found a significantly (p less than 0.01) higher prevalence of anti-HBx, 14 of 25 patients (56%), than in those with low replication, 14 of 66 patients (21%), or among asymptomatic HBsAg carrier blood donors (20 of 126 = 16%) without detectable hepatitis B virus replication (p less than 0.0001). The highest prevalence of anti-HBx was found in HBsAg carriers with cirrhosis (41 of 54 patients = 76%) and/or with hepatocellular carcinoma (18 of 33 patients = 54%). The findings suggest that anti-HBx appears as a common and early marker of hepatitis B virus infection, transient in self-limited hepatitis but persisting with progression to chronicity. In chronic hepatitis, the prevalence of anti-HBx correlated with the intensity and duration of hepatitis B virus replication but neither with the severity of the liver disease nor with malignant transformation per se.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Early and frequent detection of HBxAg and/or anti-HBx in hepatitis B virus infection. 225 44

It has been shown that hepatitis B virus (HBV) X antigen (HBxAg) functioned as a transactivating element which can act on the enhancer of HBV in an in vitro system and elevate the transcriptional level of HBV. In this study we investigate the relationship between HBxAg expression and HBV replication in patients with chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis. Rabbit IgG against recombinant HBxAg which was synthesized in E. coli were prepared and used for the detection of HBxAg. HBV DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction technique by using primers from HBx gene sequence. Liver tissue samples and sera from the patients were examined immunohistochemically for HBxAg and serologically for HBxAg/anti-HBx respectively. We focused on its expression in these samples in comparison with markers of HBV replication. It was found that in liver HBxAg was present in 72.7% of the patients with chronic active hapatitis (CAH) and 92.6% of those with cirrhosis, while the positivity rate of HBcAg in cirrhosis patients was only 47.8%. In the sera of the patients with CAH, chronic persistant hepatitis and cirrhosis HBxAg was present in 44.4%, 66.6% and 33.3% respectively. It was similar to that observed with HBeAg. Moreover in these HBxAg positive sera HBV DNA can also be detected. It was shown that higher rate of positivity of HBxAg was found in patients with replicative markers (serum HBeAg, serum HBV DNA or liver tissue HBcAg positive). Our results indicate that expression of HBxAg is closely correlated with HBV replication and HBxAg may be an important marker in chronic HBV infection.
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PMID:[Analysis of hepatitis B virus X antigen expression in chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis]. 758 1

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and its 5 antigens were studied in 225 cases of paraffin-embedded sections of human liver cirrhosis obtained by biopsy. HBxAg, pre-S1 and pre-S2 antigens were detected by immunohistochemical ABC method, HBsAg and HBcAg by PAP method. HBV DNA by in situ hybridization, and both HBV DNA and HBsAg, HBxAg or HBcAg by double labelling technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization respectively. The results showed that the positive rates were 70.0% (128/183) for HBsAg, 64.4% (85/132) for pre-S1 antigen, 61.4% (81/132) for pre-S2 antigen, 75.3% (113/150) for HBxAg, 22.4% (39/174) for HBcAg and 62.4% (58/93) for HBV DNA respectively. The double labelling positive rates were 37.3% (19/51) for both HBV DNA and HBsAg, 86.3% (44/51) for both HBV DNA and HBxAg and 39.2% (20/51) for both HBV DNA and HBcAg respectively. More than 80% of the cases with positive sections for HBV DNA and its 5 antigens were associated with liver cell dysplasia (LCD). The results of this study suggest that the occurrence and development of liver cirrhosis were closely related to chronic infection of HBV in China.
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PMID:[Expression and significance of HBV DNA and its 5 antigens in liver cirrhosis]. 778 Nov 8

The expressions of c-erbB-2 oncogene and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were investigated immunohistochemically in specimens from 184 cases of hepatitis B, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 29 normal liver specimens. EGFR was expressed in 36% (48/134) of the hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver disorder specimens and it was immunolocalized mainly in the sinusoidal endothelial cells. No significant difference was found between EGFR expression in HCC and in benign chronic liver disorders. These results indicate that EGFR may have some role in the proliferation of the sinusoidal epithelial cells in chronic liver disease. Low level c-erbB-2 expression was observed in 5/29 (17%) of normal liver specimens. In chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis, its expression was found in all specimens. c-erbB-2 protein was immunolocalized mainly in small polygonal liver cells (SPLCs) and hepatocytes in small-cell dysplasia (SCD) and in ductular metaplasia (DM); c-erbB-2 expression in HCC cells was found to be weaker than in SPLCs, the hepatocytes in SCD and in DM. These results indicate that activated c-erbB-2 oncogene may have a role in human HCC genesis through promoting the development of SCD from SPLC proliferation and the progression of SCD. The close relation between the expression of c-erbB-2 and HBxAg imply that the activation of c-erbB-2 in human liver tissues may be related to HBV X gene.
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PMID:[Expression of c-erbB-2 protein and EGF receptor in hepatitis B, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma]. 778 35

60 Cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 47 cases of liver cirrhosis (LC) were examined with immunocytochemistry methods using antibodies against IGF-2 and HBxAg on paraffin embedded sections. 32 HCC and 37 LC were found to be positive to HBxAg, in which the positive rates of IGF-2 were 100% (32/32) and 94.6% (35/37) respectively. 28 HCC and 10 LC were found to be HBxAg negative, IGF-2 was positive in 23 HCC (82.1%) and 6 LC (60%). The positive expression rates of IGF-2 in the HBxAg positive tissues were significantly higher than those in the HBxAg negative tissues (P < 0.05). There were three types of IGF-2 distribution in HCC and LC: (1) perinucleus; (2) diffuse in cytoplasm; (3) in nucleus. Small polygonal liver cells (SPLC) were found in the liver tissue surrounding the tumor or cirrhosis, the SPLC were positive to both IGF-2 and HBxAg. The positive rates of IGF-2 in SPLC were 86.4% (38/44) in HBxAg positive group and 40.5% (15/37) in the HBxAg negative group. The above findings suggest that IGF-2 plays an important role in abnormal proliferation of HCC and SPLC. The relation of IGF-2 and HBxAg and the nature of SPLC were also discussed.
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PMID:[Comparative study of the expression of IGF-2 and HBxAg in human hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis]. 787 60

Surgical specimens of 20 cases of human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (n = 12) and cholangiohepatocarcinoma (n = 8) were studied immunohistochemically by ABC technique for HBxAg, pre-S1 and pre-S2 and by PAP method for HBsAg and HBcAg. The neighboring liver tissues with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis surrounding the tumor were also examined in 19 cases. Of the cancerous tissues, 15 were positive for HBxAg (75%), 8 positive for pre-S1 and pre-S2 (40%), respectively and 2 for HBsAg (10%). Sixteen of 19 liver tissues surrounding the tumor were also positive for HBxAg (84.2%), 9 for pre-S1 and pre-S2 each (47.4%), 6 for HBsAg and HBcAg each (31.6%). The results suggest that a close relationship exists between cholangiocarcinoma and cholangiohepatocarcinoma and hepatitis B virus infection. The HBxAg might play an important role in the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma.
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PMID:[Expression of five different antigens of HBV in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and cholangiohepatocarcinoma]. 817 60

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most important causes of chronic liver disease. HBV is a DNA virus with an external glycoprotein surface and an internal nucleocapsid which contains the viral genome. HBV infection is revealed by the appearance of specific markers. Some of these markers are well known and their presence in serum is important to understand the behaviour of the disease. Among them HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBe are found in serum, so as anti-Core; the HBcAg may be found in hepatic tissue and marks infectivity and virus replication. In the few last years some new antigens and antibodies have been studied and their importance in diagnosis and follow-up of hepatitis has been recognized. HBxAg, Pre-S and DNA-Polymerase (Pol) seem to be specific and early signals of viral replication. More studies showed the trans-activating properties of HBxAg; actually the X protein seems to be involved in replicative cycle of HBV. Many Authors also demonstrated a relationship between the presence of X in serum and/or liver and the progression of disease to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The Pol antigen and its antibody seem to be very common markers of HBV infection in serum of patients with hepatitis. Moreover their presence is the only signal of viral infection in some patients which have no other marker of HBV. More studies are of course needed to exactly establish the significance of these new markers and their importance for diagnosis and prognosis of HBV infection.
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PMID:[Hepatitis B virus: new markers and their immunology]. 848 26

To evaluate the possibility that HBxAg is related to an enhanced expression of IGF-II, immunohistochemical staining was performed for distribution and colocalization of HBxAg and IGF-II in liver tissues from 40 chronic active hepatitis (CAH-B), 51 cirrhosis and 46 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients using polyclonal rabbit anti HBxAg raised against full length-recombinant HBxAg and monoclonal mouse anti IGF-II. HBxAg in CAH-B, cirrhosis and HCC tissues was detected in 95%, 39% and 17%, whereas IGF-II in the same tissues was seen in 0%, 92% and 100%, respectively. There was a gradual decrease in the prevalence of HBxAg expression in cirrhosis and HCC, as compared to CAH-B tissues. All of the cirrhosis and HCC samples with positive staining for HBxAg expressed IGF-II. However, 55% of cirrhosis and 100% of HCC samples without HBxAg staining also expressed IGF-II. Moreover, colocalization at neighboring sections, even in both HBxAg and IGF-II positive samples, was not regularly observed. It is concluded that HBxAg expression in CAH-B may play a role in the pathogenesis of CAH-B. Although HBxAg may be related to the expression of IGF-II in some cirrhotic and HCC tissues, IGF-II expression in a large majority of these cases may be related to other factor(s) than HBxAg.
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PMID:Lack of colocalization of HBxAg and insulin like growth factor II in the livers of patients with chronic hepatitis B, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. 944 91

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most meaningful risk factor in chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC). The hepatitis B virus X protein (HBxAg) is a multifunctional protein with many important functions in hepatocellular carcinogenesis. A monoclonal anti-HBxAg antibody was developed in our laboratory and characterized by different methods. Using this antibody HBxAg was detected in formaldehyde fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections of 72 liver biopsies from patients with acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma. The co-expression of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) and HBxAg was compared. The histological and cytological localization of the detected HBxAg showed a characteristic distribution in different stages of HBV infection. Strong and diffuse nuclear reaction was detected in PHC cases in contrast to the focal, cytoplasmic and nuclear labeling in the acute and chronic B hepatitis cases. Our antibody seems to be a suitable prognostic marker for routine pathohistological diagnosis and for comparative pathological and epidemiological research on the development of PHC.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical assessment and prognostic value of hepatitis B virus X protein in chronic hepatitis and primary hepatocellular carcinomas using anti-HBxAg monoclonal antibody. 1169 43


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