Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The electrophoretic mobility of renin substrate in human plasma was determined by electrophoresis of the plasma on a cylinder of polyacrylamide gel, followed by slicing the gel, incubation of each slice with human renin, EDTA, and BAL in saline, and determination of the angiotensin formed by radioimmunoassay. With this modified technique 5, and possibly 8, electrophoretically dissimilar renin substrates have been found in human plasma. Significant variations in the patterns of renin substrates in the blood plasma of pregnant women and of those taking oral contraceptives were shown. In normal plasma from male or female subjects there was a single large peak of renin substrate with a mobility slightly less than that of albumin, and there were a series of very small peaks of renin substrate with lesser mobilities than the major peak. Increasing the sample size and prolonging the period of incubation with renin made the smaller peaks more apparent. In women using oral contraceptives, a distinctly different pattern of renin substrates was found. Early smaller peaks were increased. The major peak was sometimes increased also. Pregnancy produced a strikingly different pattern of renin substrates. There was an increase in all slow-moving peaks and their bases ran together without a return to the baseline. The absence of peaks when renin was omitted indicated that they were renin substrates. In 2 of 4 patients having cirrhosis of the liver with ascites, the amount of major substrate peak was greatly diminished and minor peaks were somewhat reduced. In 3 bilaterally nephrectomized patients, the major peak was not increased and the pattern of minor peaks was normal.
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PMID:Heterogeneity of renin substrate in human plasma: effect of pregnancy and oral contraceptives. 99 64

A diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis associated with an idiopathic hepatic cirrhosis occurred in a 79 years old man treated during five years with cyclothiazide and triamterene for a mild systemic hypertension. The outcome was fatal. A provocation test was positive with BAL lymphocytic reaction. Cyclothiazide induced fibrosis is likely.
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PMID:[Fibrosing pneumopathy induced by cyclothiazide. Apropos of a case]. 156 34

Alcoholic individuals are predisposed to respiratory infections. However, mechanisms of perturbations leading to increased susceptibility to lung infections of individuals with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) are not fully understood. We studied the antibacterial activity and oxidant generation (before and after stimulation by phorbol myristate acetate or opsonized zymosan) of alveolar macrophages from 16 patients with ALC. Our results were compared with those obtained from 12 healthy control subjects, from 8 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and from 8 alcoholic individuals without cirrhosis. All were nonsmokers, had normal chest X-rays, and did not present evidence of lung infection 3 months before. The total number of cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage did not significantly differ between control subjects and patients. The cellular viability of alveolar macrophages (trypan blue exclusion) was greater than 90% in all cases. The antibacterial activity of alveolar macrophages versus Staphylococcus aureus was severely impaired in ALC (-21 +/- 8.2%) whereas it was normal in PBC (52 +/- 4.2%), in alcoholic subjects (44.6 +/- 5.4%), and in control subjects (60 +/- 5.5%). The same pattern of results was observed versus Escherichia coli (-47.7 +/- 10,28 +/- 8,28 +/- 12, and 29 +/- 8.5%, respectively). Previous incubation of normal alveolar macrophages with serum or BAL fluid from ALC patients or with normal serum or normal BAL fluid did not result in a significant decrease in antibacterial activity of normal alveolar macrophages. To distinguish ingested bacteria from adherent extracellular bacteria, cells that had been incubated with bacteria for 90 min were then incubated with lysostaphin (1 microgram/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Human alveolar macrophage antibacterial activity in the alcoholic lung. 165 Jan 54

A 59-year-old woman was admitted to hospital 10 months after receiving a liver transplant (LT) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhosis because of fever, dyspnea and basal patchy peripheral infiltrates. Microscopic examinations and blood, sputum and BAL cultures were negative. Empirical anti-infective therapy was ineffective. Thoracoscopic lung biopsy was performed, and histology showed a pattern suggesting bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP). Prednisone led to rapid clinical and radiologic improvement. BOOP has been anecdotally reported in LT cases, and this case was unrelated to any infectious agent. BOOP should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of pneumonia in LT.
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PMID:A 59-year-old liver-transplanted woman with fever, dyspnea and pulmonary infiltrates. 1461 53

A rat model was used to study the effects of cirrhosis on antibiotic therapy of pneumococcal pneumonia. Cirrhotic and control male Sprague-Dawley rats were infected transtracheally with type 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae. Treatment began 18 h later with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), azithromycin (50 mg/kg), trovafloxacin (50 mg/kg), or ceftriaxone (100 mg/kg) injected subcutaneously twice daily for 5 days. Antibiotic concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Azithromycin, trovafloxacin, and ceftriaxone were all equally effective at preventing mortality in both cirrhotic and normal rats. Free fraction area under the curve to minimum inhibitory concentration ratio (AUC/MIC) and maximum calculated serum concentration to MIC ratio (C(max)/MIC) and percent time that the serum concentration exceeded the MIC (%T > MIC) were greater for ceftriaxone compared with azithromycin or trovafloxacin. Azithromycin achieved higher concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), epithelial lining fluid (ELF), and BAL white blood cells than ceftriaxone or trovafloxacin in cirrhotic rats. Macrolide, beta-lactam, or fluoroquinolone antibiotic efficacy in a pneumococcal pneumonia model does not appear to be affected by hepatic cirrhosis.
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PMID:Effect of cirrhosis on antibiotic efficacy in a rat model of pneumococcal pneumonia. 1569 15