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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The number, intracellular distribution, and staining characteristics of human hepatocellular peroxisomes that had been made visible by cytochemical staining for catalase were evaluated in biopsies from 75 patients with hepatic, inflammatory, or malignant disease and ten normal individuals. Intensity of staining was found to be proportional to enzymatic activity by microspectrophotometry. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) image analysis demonstrated an inverse relationship between peroxisomal size and contrast. Peroxisomes were more abundant, and often concentrated in a perinuclear configuration in cholestatic and cirrhotic livers. Decreased peroxisomal staining was common in cholestasis, cirrhosis, hepatitis, and in almost all patients with malignancies, both with and without hepatic metastases.
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PMID:Peroxisomes (microbodies) in human liver: cytochemical and quantitative studies of 85 biopsies. 618 27

The activity of antioxidant defense enzymes and lipid peroxidation (LPO) was studied in the liver and blood of 126 patients with hepatobiliary diseases. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in the liver appeared inhibited and relevant interactions impaired. Catalase/peroxidase value in hepatic cirrhosis proved minimal. In response to hepatotropic drugs red cell SOD decreased, while glutathione and ceruloplasmin levels became elevated. Blood LPO values were adequate indicators of the disease progression. It is shown that deficient antioxidant defense of the liver in chronic affections contributes to oxygen radical formation which promotes pathological processes in the liver.
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PMID:[The clinical significance of the enzymatic system utilizing active forms of oxygen in chronic liver diseases]. 801 35

Hepatocellular peroxisomes in 32 patients with cirrhosis were studied by means of catalase cytochemical and morphometric analysis. Seven normal human livers were used as controls. The severity of the cirrhosis was determined with the Child-Turcotte criteria. Under the light microscope, a decrease in catalase staining was observed in 12 livers. Staining showed a weak inverse correlation with severity of the cirrhotic process. Peroxisomes revealed a perinuclear configuration in 24 patients. Morphometric analysis of peroxisomes was performed on 14 cirrhotic livers and revealed a near doubling of the number of organelles, with a compensatory decrease in mean peroxisomal diameter: no appreciable change in total volume of the peroxisome compartment was found. Cytoplasmic invaginations, protrusions and gastruloid cisternae were sparse. Apparently, peroxisomal proliferation in liver cells appeared early in the cirrhotic process. In all 10 livers with a perinuclear configuration of the peroxisomes that were processed for electron microscopy, a morphometrically confirmed increase in the number of peroxisomes was observed. Peroxisomes frequently showed transparent matrical spots and angular profiles. In two patients nucleoid-containing peroxisomes were observed. Although variation between individual patients was high, peroxisomal changes were observed in each cirrhotic liver. No relationship between morphological or morphometric alterations in peroxisomal compartment on one side and the severity of the disease or the type of cirrhotic nodules on the other side was observed.
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PMID:Peroxisomes in cirrhosis of the human liver: a cytochemical, ultrastructural and quantitative study. 844 13

Indian Childhood Cirrhosis (ICC) is a disease of abnormal copper metabolism commonly characterized by swelling and degeneration of liver cells along with the presence of orcein staining deposits of copper. Hepatic copper content of ICC patients was about 43 fold higher than those of control subjects. The data on sub-cellular distribution of copper revealed massive accumulation of Copper (73%) of total cell copper) in the nuclear fraction (455 micrograms Cu/g tissue nuclei). On further distribution of copper in nuclear fraction, the enrichment of copper in heterochromatin and euchromatin of ICC nuclei was found to be 48 and 15 fold higher over control fractions respectively. The ultra-violet spectra of heterochromatin and euchromatin isolated from ICC nuclear fraction showed a broad absorption maxima as compared to controls. Further, A260/A280 ratio was markedly lower in heterochromatin and euchromatin of ICC liver in comparison to controls. An antioxidant enzyme, catalase activity was also significantly reduced in ICC liver as compared to control. Further, DNA fragmentation studies indicated that there was significantly increased DNA fragmentation in ICC liver. Collectively, these findings suggest that massive accumulation of copper in nucleus and decrease in catalase activity was associated with DNA fragmentation in hepatocyte of ICC disease.
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PMID:Molecular basis of pathophysiology of Indian childhood cirrhosis: role of nuclear copper accumulation in liver. 870 72

Hepatocellular peroxisomes harbor one of the metabolic pathways for ethanol metabolism (i.e., catalase in the presence of H2O2-generating enzymes). We studied the morphometric characteristics of these organelles in 26 biopsy samples of patients with different alcohol-induced lesions (12 with steatosis, 5 with hepatitis, and 9 with cirrhosis) and compared the findings with those obtained in seven control livers. All 33 human liver biopsy samples were stained for catalase activity to facilitate peroxisomal identification. Morphometric analysis of the peroxisomes was performed on calibrated electron micrographs. The numerical density of the peroxisomes was significantly increased to 183%, whereas the mean peroxisomal diameter (dcircle) revealed a significant decrease to 89%. This resulted in a normal volume density of the peroxisomal compartment, whereas the surface density was significantly induced. Peroxisomal shape was not different between alcoholic and control livers. When alcoholic livers were divided into three subgroups according to histopathological findings, similar morphometric results were obtained when compared with control livers, although significantly was sometimes lost. No differences in peroxisomal characteristics were found among alcoholic subgroups. The mean peroxisomal diameter per human liver (alcoholic and control) was inversely correlated to the numerical density. It is concluded that the peroxisomal adaptation in human alcoholic liver is such as to create an efficient environment for a presumably increased peroxisomal metabolism.
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PMID:Morphometric characteristics of human hepatocellular peroxisomes in alcoholic liver disease. 886 67

Alcohol is one of the most widely used addictive substances. It can be assumed that everybody encounters alcohol--ethanol in various forms and concentrations in the course of their lives. A global and social problem of our civilization is alcohol consumption which has a rising trend. Since 1989 the consumption of alcoholic beverages is rising and the mean annual consumption of concentrated ethanol per head is cea 10 litres. In ethanol abuse the organism is damaged not only by ethanol alone but in particular by substances formed during its metabolism. Its detailed knowledge is essential for the knowledge and investigations of the metabolic and toxic effect of ethanol on the organism. Ingested alcohol is in 90-98% eliminated from the organism by three known metabolic pathways: 1-alcohol dehydrogenase, 2-the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system and 3-catalase. Alcohol is a frequent important risk factor of serious "diseases of civilization" such as IHD, hypertension, osteoporosis, neoplastic diseases. Cirrhosis of the liver and chronic pancreatitis are the well known diseases associated with alcohol ingestion and also their most frequent cause. It is impossible to list all organs and diseases which develop as a result of alcohol consumption. It is important to realize that regular and "relatively" small amounts in the long run damage the organism and may be even fatal.
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PMID:[Alcohol]. 892 47

Results of examination and treatment of 157 patients with cholelithiasis against the background of a liver pathology were summed up. The antioxidant system in such patients was studied. The degree of a decrease of catalase activity in the liver and blood serum as well as the ascorbic acid content were found to depend on the liver state of patients with cholelithiasis. Greatest changes were found in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and chronic active hepatitis. The method of complex treatment of cholelithiasis patients with non-enzymatic antioxidants alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid is proposed. Activity of organ specific liver enzymes urokaninase and histidase was used for the estimation of treatment efficiency. Complex administration of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol was shown to improve the liver function in patients operated upon for cholelithiasis.
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PMID:[Antioxidants in the treatment of cholelithiasis patients]. 916 91

The peroxisomal disorders represent a group of inherited metabolic disorders that derive from defects of peroxisomal biogenesis and/or from dysfunction of single or multiple peroxisomal enzymes. We described earlier an 8 1/2 year-old with a history of progressive developmental delay, micronodular cirrhosis, and elevated very long chain fatty acids in plasma and skin fibroblasts. These findings were felt to be compatible with both neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (nALD) and Zellweger syndrome (ZS). This patient is now 21 years old and his clinical course, inconsistent with either nALD or ZS, led us to examine his peroxisomal status in light of a possible new peroxisomal disease. The normal levels of bile acid precursors found in this patient suggest that peroxisomal beta-oxidation is functional. The activities of dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase and oxidation of lignoceric acid and phytanic acid were 14, 17, and 15% of the control, respectively. This partial activity for oxidation and the normal levels of bile acid precursors suggests that this patient has peroxisomes containing beta-oxidation enzymes. Western blot analysis of subcellular organelles showed that beta-oxidation enzyme proteins are present at normal levels in catalase-negative peroxisomes of density equivalent to normal peroxisomes. The presence of acyl-CoA oxidase and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase in catalase-negative peroxisomes suggests that both peroxisomal targeting signal-1 (PTS-1), and peroxisomal targeting signal-2 (PTS-2)-mediated protein transport processes into peroxisomes are normal in this patient. These findings of catalase-negative peroxisomes of normal density and normal PTS-1 and PTS-2 import machinery with partial peroxisomal functions clearly demonstrate that this patient differs from those with known disorders of peroxisomal biogenesis.
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PMID:Biochemical features of a patient with Zellweger-like syndrome with normal PTS-1 and PTS-2 peroxisomal protein import systems: a new peroxisomal disease. 925 85

A significant reduction of catalase activity, a peroxisomal marker enzyme, occurs in human hepatic neoplasias, but no information is available on other peroxisomal proteins. We have studied by means of immunohistochemistry four specific proteins of peroxisomes (catalase and three enzymes of lipid beta-oxidation) in human hepatocellular tumors of various differentiation grades from adenoma to anaplastic carcinoma. In all tumors, except the adenomas, the tumor cells contained fewer peroxisomes than extrafocal hepatocytes and the reduction of antigenic sites in the tumor types generally correlated with the degree of tumor dedifferentiation as assessed by classical histopathological criteria. Two poorly differentiated tumors had no detectable peroxisomes at all. There were no major differences in the intensities of the immunocytochemical staining for all four studied peroxisomal antigens in different tumors, suggesting that the neoplastic transformation affects the biogenesis of the entire organelle and not merely the individual peroxisomal enzyme proteins. Some tumors exhibited a distinct peripheral distribution of peroxisomes. In cases with associated liver cirrhosis, the hepatocytes in the adjacent liver showed marked peroxisome proliferation, forming large perinuclear aggregates, occupying occasionally the entire cytoplasm. Taken together, our observations indicate that peroxisomes are significantly altered in both hepatocellular tumors and liver cirrhosis and, thus, could be responsible for some of the metabolic derangements observed in those disease processes.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical investigation of catalase and peroxisomal lipid beta-oxidation enzymes in human hepatocellular tumors and liver cirrhosis. 1059 52

Since ethanol metabolism predominantly takes place in the liver it is not surprising that hepatic intermediary metabolism is strikingly influenced. Alcohol is metabolized via three enzyme systems: alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), microsome ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) and catalase. The ADH reaction produces reducing equivalents as NADH which results in various metabolic disorders such as hyperproteinemia IV and V, hypoglycaemia, lactacidosis, hyperuricaemia, and certain forms of porphyria. The metabolism of hormones is also disturbed. Alcohol fatty liver is a direct consequence of NADH production. Alcoholic liver disease comprises of fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Risk factors of alcoholic liver disease are the amount of alcohol consumed, drinking pattern, female gender and certain genetic predispositions. Alcoholic hepatitis is characterized by a typical clinical and laboratory feature, and specific heaptic morphology. Poor prognostic factors are continuous alcohol consumption, cholestatis and perivenular fibrosis. Alcoholic cirrhosis has similar complications as cirrhosis of other etiology. Therapy includes abstinence, antioxidative drugs, steroids, and S-adenosylmethionine. Liver transplantation is of long-term benefit.
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PMID:[Alcohol and the liver]. 1080 81


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