Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
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Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
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Enzyme
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (
cirrhosis
)
42,195
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
In mammalian models of
cirrhosis
, plasma ammonia concentration increases, having numerous adverse effects, including sarcopenia. The objective of this study was to identify differences between avian and mammalian myogenic response to applied ammonia and glutamine. Primary chicken breast and thigh, primary rat, and C
2
C
12
myotubes were treated with
ammonium
acetate (AA, 10 mM) or glutamine (10 mM) for 24 h and compared with sodium acetate (10 mM) and untreated controls. Myostatin mRNA was significantly higher in C
2
C
12
and rat myotubes treated with AA compared with glutamine and controls (
P
< 0.01), whereas myostatin was unchanged in chicken myotubes. AA-treated C
2
C
12
myotubes had significantly higher glutamine synthetase (GS) mRNA expression compared with controls, but GS protein expression was unchanged. In contrast, GS mRNA expression was unchanged in thigh myotubes, but GS protein expression was significantly higher in AA-treated thigh myotubes (
P
< 0.05). In both breast and thigh myotubes, intracellular glutamine concentration was significantly increased in AA- and glutamine-treated myotubes compared with controls but was only increased in glutamine-treated C
2
C
12
and rat myotubes (
P
< 0.05). Glutamine concentration was significantly higher in all treatment media collected from avian myotube cultures compared with both C
2
C
12
and rat media (
P
< 0.01). Myotube diameter was significantly larger in avian myotubes after treatment with both AA and glutamine (
P
< 0.05). C
2
C
12
and rat myotubes had a significantly smaller myotube diameter after AA treatment (
P
< 0.001). Altogether, these data support species differences in skeletal muscle ammonia metabolism and suggest that glutamine synthesis is a mechanism of ammonia utilization in avian muscle.
...
PMID:Glutamine synthetase in avian muscle contributes to a positive myogenic response to ammonia compared with mammalian muscle. 3106 78
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