Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Different causal factors have been speculated about in regard to hemodynamic changes (hyperdynamic circulation) in liver cirrhosis. Effects of various vasoactive substances upon the increased arterio-venous intrapulmonary shunting in cirrhosis have been demonstrated, including reduced ferritin, bradykinin, prostaglandins, VIP and parenterally applied histamine. In cirrhotic patients pre- and posthepatic plasma concentrations of histamine are definitely elevated, and elimination of histamine by the liver is reduced. It is speculated, that elevated plasma concentrations of endogenous histamine may contribute to hemodynamic changes in liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Plasma histamine concentration and hemodynamic changes in liver cirrhosis (author's transl)]. 63 19

Unlike other pituitary hormones, PRL is under tonic inhibition by the hypothalamus by way of the PRL inhibitory factor, dopamine. GAP and GABA may also be inhibitory. PRL-releasing factors include TRH and VIP and possibly others. Circulating PRL is predominantly monomeric, although some patients with hyperprolactinemia appear to have increased quantities of the less biologically active polymeric forms. PRL is secreted episodically, with an increase in the amplitude of the secretory pulses with sleep. A transitory increase also occurs in response to the protein component of meals. Basal PRL levels increase in response to the hormonal milieu of pregnancy, and suckling postpartum triggers PRL release. Pathologic increases of PRL owing to hypothalamic dysregulation occur with a variety of medications, including the neuroleptics, metoclopramide, antidepressants, methyldopa, reserpine and verapamil, abuse of opiates and cocaine, renal insufficiency, cirrhosis, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, neurogenic stimulation, and idiopathically. Hyperprolactinemia also may occur from structural lesions of the stalk and hypothalamus, which cause disinhibition with or without maintenance of PRF activity, ectopic neoplasm production, and, most commonly, from prolactinomas. Diagnostic testing consists of routine chemistry and thyroid testing and imaging with MRI or CT. Dopamine agonists are the treatment of choice of prolactinomas of all sizes. Transsphenoidal surgery is an alternative for the patient who does not respond to medical therapy or who wishes definitive tumor removal, realizing that long-term cure is achieved in only 50% to 60% of patients with microadenomas and a much lower number in those with macroadenomas. Radiotherapy is reserved for patients who do respond to either medical or surgical treatment. Patients wishing to become pregnant usually are treated with bromocriptine, although prepregnancy surgical debulking may be advisable for those with large macroadenomas to reduce problems with tumor enlargement.
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PMID:Pathologic hyperprolactinemia. 148 80

1. The effect of intravenous vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, 6 pmol/kg per min) on renal function in six patients with cirrhosis of the liver was examined. 2. VIP caused generalized vasodilation and increased plasma renin activity, but diminished the glomerular filtration rate by about one third. 3. The excretion of water, sodium, potassium and calcium also fell significantly. 4. These results differ from our findings in normal man in whom VIP diminished water and electrolyte secretion largely by increasing tubular reabsorption. 5. It is concluded that the elevated VIP levels present in patients with severe liver disease may affect renal function, but that the presence of liver disease may affect renal responses to VIP.
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PMID:Effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide infusions on renal function in patients with liver disease. 327 22

The Authors, after having examined the factors responsible for the hyperprolactinemia in the cirrhotic, confirm the lack of a relationship between the increase in the prolactinic reserve and gynecomastia and between the amount of the prolactinic reserve and the degree of liver disorder. While hyperestrinism and the false transmitters lost most of their pathogenetic importance, other factors such as GABA, the Serotonin and the VIP, offered a new pathogenetic prospective. The prolactin reserve was studied in 63 patients affected by cirrhosis and in 25 affected by fibrosis and hepatic fibrosteatosis, pointing out an increase in the prolactin reserve in 61% of cirrhotic patients and an absence of pathological reports in patients affected by fibrotic hepatopathies. These data confirm the low pathogenetic responsability to be strictly ascribed to ethanol and the preminent role of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension in the prolactin turnover.
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PMID:[Prolactin in chronic alcoholic liver diseases with and without gynecomastia]. 388 40

In 1987 it was demonstrated that the vascular endothelium produces nitric oxide, a gas that acts as highly labile but very potent relaxing factor for the vascular smooth muscle. During the last 5-6 years, a series of discoveries from many different avenues of research came together revealing the major biological role of NO as neurotransmitter in the nervous system and other parts of the body, as a potent vasodilating and cytoprotective substance, as mediator of endotoxin-induced cytotoxicity and as a substance involved in various disorders such as liver cirrhosis and reactions of the immune system. Recent studies suggest that in addition to VIP and ATP, NO may mediate non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) inhibition of gastrointestinal smooth muscle and related inhibitory junction potentials. The identity of action of NO and NANC nerve stimulation has been supported by numerous in vitro and in vivo studies on esophagus, stomach, small intestine and colon of various species including humans.
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PMID:[Nitric oxide in regulation of gastrointestinal and biliary motility]. 797 89

Thirty-nine patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with weekly alternating non-cross-resistant chemotherapy (CAMBO-VIP). We obtained a high response rate, and prolonged disease-free survival with side effects and complications of various severity were observed. Three patients were withdrawn from the study due to aggravation of liver cirrhosis, cerebral infarction, and poor tolerance. Thirty-six patients completed this 12-week intensive chemotherapy. The median treatment delay in all patients was 3 days (-4 to 29 days), and a delay of over 15 days was seen in 5 patients. The nadir of the neutrophil count was 0 to 2,100/microliters (median 140/microliters), and 15 patients were below 100/microliters. Two patients had pneumonia and 4 had herpes zoster infection. The platelet count nadir was 20,000 to 240,000/microliters (median 90,000/microliters). Ten patients were below 50,000/microliters, but none required platelet transfusion. Red cell transfusion was given in 6 patients. Elevation of transaminases was seen in 25 patients, but it was not serious except for a patient with liver cirrhosis. The elevation of serum LDH level and decrease of serum haptoglobin level seen shortly after completion of treatment seemed due to the increased blood cell destruction. Stomatitis was observed in 32 patients, 17 of whom showed more than grade 3 toxicity. Blister formation on palms and/or soles was noted in 6 patients. There was no treatment-related death observed.
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PMID:[A study of toxicities and complications observed in alternating non-cross-resistant chemotherapy (CAMBO-VIP) for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. 833 48

Objective. To evaluate the clinical value of Danshen injection and Huangqi injection for the treatment of liver cirrhosis. Methods. The Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese Scientific Journals Full-Text Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, and EMBASE database were searched to collect the literatures about the randomized controlled trials involving the treatment of liver cirrhosis with Danshen injection combined with Huangqi injection, and the data analyses were performed using RevMan 4.2 software. Results. A total of 11 studies involving 1086 patients (trials group: 554 cases, control group: 532 cases) were included in this study. Compared with those in control group, the meta-analysis showed-that the total effectiveness rate and the level of serum albumin increased, while serum total bilirubin, alanine transmninase, type III procollagen, hyaluronic acid, laminin, and type-IV collagen decreased in trials group. The Jadad score ranged from 1 to 2 and the funnel plot analysis suggests that publication bias may occur. Conclusions. Danshen injection combined with Huangqi injection may promote the curative efficacy of liver cirrhosis, which is a promising novel treatment approach. The exact outcome needs to perform rigorously designed, multicenter, and large randomized controlled trials.
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PMID:Meta-analysis of the clinical value of danshen injection and huangqi injection in liver cirrhosis. 2406 58

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in the treatment of liver cirrhosis and portal vein thrombosis and the value of early application of LMWH in the prevention of portal vein thrombosis after splenectomy. Methods: The databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP were searched, and manual searching and internet searching were used to retrieve grey literature. The articles which met the inclusion criteria were included, and a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Results: A total of 12 randomized controlled trials were included, with 1397 patients enrolled, among whom 723 were enrolled in the LMWH group and 674 were enrolled in the control group. A meta-analysis was performed for the trials above, and the results showed that the patients with early application of LMWH had a lower rate of thrombosis compared with those in the control group (OR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.28-0.48, P < 0.001). The results of three randomized trials with the application of LMWH in the treatment of portal vein embolism showed that the patients treated with LMWH had a higher rate of recanalization of thrombus than those in the control group (OR = 5.08, 95% CI 1.74-14.84, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Early application of LMWH can reduce the rate of portal vein thrombosis after splenectomy, and LMWH for the treatment of portal vein embolism can increase the rate of recanalization of thrombus.
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PMID:[Clinical effect of low-molecular-weight heparin in prevention and treatment of liver cirrhosis and portal vein thrombosis after splenectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis]. 2793 57

Fuzheng Huayu (FZHY) capsule, a formulated traditional Chinese medicine product with 6 Chinese herbs, is widely used for HBV-related cirrhosis as an adjuvant treatment. However, the efficacy of FZHY capsule for HBV-induced cirrhosis did not be comprehensively proved by systematic analysis. Our current analysis was aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of FZHY capsule by an evidence-based method. Databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wangfang, VIP medicine information system, Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, were searched, and the randomized controlled trials of FZHY capsule were used for the treatment of HBV-associated liver cirrhosis. Meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3. The efficacy rate, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), albumin (ALB), Procollagen III protein (PIIIP), hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), Collagen C Type IV (IV-C), Child-Pugh score, portal vein diameter, spleen thickness, HBeAg negative conversion rate, and HBV-DNA negative conversion rate were systematically assessed. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of eligible studies. Nineteen studies with 1,769 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to conventional treatment, FZHY capsule was effective by increasing the efficacy. FZHY capsule was more efficient in improving ALT, AST, TBIL, PIIIP, HA, LN, IV-C, Child-Pugh grading score, portal vein diameter, spleen thickness, and HBV-DNA negative conversion rate with no serious adverse reactions. Nevertheless, a variety of well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings since small samples were applied in the previous studies.
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PMID:Fuzheng Huayu capsule as an adjuvant treatment for HBV-related cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2923 81

Umbilicus application to treat ascites caused by cirrhosis is a simple and effective characteristic therapy. This article analyzed the regularity of application traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbs on umbilicus to treat ascites caused by cirrhosis through TCM inherited auxiliary system. This study chose academic literatures related to TCM dressing umbilicus to treat ascites caused by cirrhosis in CNKI database, VIP database, Wanfang database over the past 20 years as the data source, and established database to analyze the core drugs and their channel tropism, property and flavor, compatibility law, and core composition,by means of frequency statistics, and association rules (Apriori method, complicated system entropy clustering). Finally, 92 prescription to treat ascites caused by cirrhosiss were screened out. These prescription includes 109 traditional Chinese medicines. And the analysis showed that there are 14 drugs with usage frequency of 10 and more than 10, 19 common drug pairs, 12 core drug combination. The drugs with high usage frequency include Kansui Radix, Borneolum Syntheticum, Pharbitidis Semen, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Moschus, Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix, Natrii Sulfas, Cinnamomi Cortex, Genkwa Flos, Phytolaccae Radix, Arecae Semen. And the channel which are mostly invoivet includ lung meridian, spleen meridian and kidney meridian; while the property and flavor of the herbs used have the properties of cold and acrid; the common drug pairs include Pharbitidis Semen-Kansui Radix, Borneolum Syntheticum-Kansui Radix, Kansui Radix-Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix, Kansui Radix-Moschus, Rhei Radix et Rhizome-Kansui Radix, Kansui Radix-Genkwa Flos, Borneolum Syntheticum-Pharbitidis Semen, Borneolum Syntheticum-Pharbitidis Semen-Kansui Radix, Kansui Radix-Arecae Semen; herbs with the function of expelling water and purgation used as main conponents, and resuscitation, promoting the circulation of Qi, and increaseing Yang used as auxilizy conponents.
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PMID:[Based on traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system to analyze the regularity of umbilicus application to treat ascites due to cirrhosis]. 3059 51


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