Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Proline metabolism was prospectively evaluated in patients with surgical sepsis, cirrhosis, and elective surgical procedures. Significant correlations were found in the septic patients. Proline levels were an excellent indicator of mortality and correlated positively with lactate levels. Lactate and proline were inversely related to total peripheral resistance and oxygen consumption. In septic patients who expired: the metabolites involved in the hepatic pathways of proline degradation were elevated in proportion to proline; lactate, glutamate and proline were directly related to pyruvate; lactate/pyruvate ratios were constant; proline, glutamate, ammonia, ornithine, lactate and pyruvate levels were inversely proportional to oxygen consumption and total peripheral resistance. The primary defects in sepsis seem to be metabolic; there are very strong correlations in time between physiology and metabolism; the metabolic abnormality seems to be a progressive energy-fuel deficit, possibly from a progressive inhibition of substrate entry into the Krebs cycle.
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PMID:Proline metabolism in sepsis, cirrhosis and general surgery. The peripheral energy deficit. 11 5

After summing up existing theories about the origins and development of functional hepatic encephalopathy, the authors report on the effects of six-hour intravenous infusions of ornithine alphaketoglutarate (60 g dissolved in 500 ml distilled water), administered to 10 patients with ethylic hepatic cirrhosis in conjunction with a normal protein intake (70 g/day). Arterial blood ammonemia, venous blood aminoacidemia and the insulin/glucagon ratio did not vary during or after infusion. This method of treatment therefore seems to meet the protein requirements of these undernourished patients.
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PMID:Effects of ornithine alphaketoglutarate on blood insulin, glucagon and aminoacids in alcoholic cirrhosis. 48 88

The effect on free plasma amino acids before and after infusion of 1 mg glucagon was studied at rest after an overnight fast in seven patients with compensated liver cirrhosis and in seven healthy controls. Total aminoacidaemia in cirrhotic patients is significantly higher than in controls. Elevated basal levels in cirrhotics are found particularly in tyrosine, citrulline, tryptophane, threonine, phenylalanine, and methionine whereas ornithine and serine levels are decreased. Save for the redox couple cystine-cysteine which increases, glucagon elicits an decrease in most amino acids that is proportionate to their initial level. Total aminoacidaemia decreases in controls and cirrhotics by 14.6 and 9.1 per cent respectively. Serum ammonia level rises significantly in both groups, urea increases only in controls, uricaemia remains virtually unchanged.
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PMID:The effect of glucagon on free plasma amino acids in cirrhotics and healthy controls. 63 37

Hepatic insufficiency is generally caused by active liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension. The final stage is the exogenous hepatic coma. Much rarer is the endogenous hepatic coma caused by fulminant acute hepatitis or severe intoxications. In the treatment of hepatic insufficiency it is first necessary to eliminate all exacerbating factors such as too high protein-intake, gastrointestinal bleedings, abuse of alcohol and diuretics. Because hepatic encephalopathy is mainly produced by toxic intestinal protein metabolites no protein should be adminstered at the beginining of the disease. The production of toxic protein metabolites in the gut can be diminished as well by enemas with sodium acetate buffer (pH 4, 5) as by neomycin (6-8 gm daily). Because long-term treatment with neomycin reduces also the physiological intestinal bacteria combination with lactulose (70-100 gm daily) is better. Treatment with lactulose reduces not only significantly hyperammoniemia but also increases serum phenols. The same effect have so-called ammonia reducing amino acids such as arginine, ornithine and glutamic acid. In endogenous hepatic coma blood exchange transfusions, liver perfusions and charcoal perfusions are necessary. Nevertheless, the prognosis of hepatic insufficiency caused by fulminant hepatitis is very poor in the final stage of the disease. Therefore early diagnosis and treatment in special departments with intensive care is necessary.
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PMID:[Therapy of hepatic insufficiency]. 91 52

In patients with liver cirrhosis the concentrations of amino acids were measured by ion exchange chromatography in the serum of blood samples taken from various vessels during and after the performance of a porto-caval anastomosis. Statistical evaluation was carried out with a nonparametric test. In three female and eight male patients, amino acids were determined intra operationem in blood samples of the following vessels (n = number of blood samples): arm vein (n = 8), arteria femoralis (n =2), vena cava (n = 7), vena portae (n = p) and aorta abdominalis (n = 5). With exception of ornithine (aorta abdominalis versus vena cava), no statistically significant differences in the concentrations of amino acids were observed in the various blood vessels. One to three years after the introduction of the porto-caval shunt, amino acid concentrations were measured in blood from the arm vein and arteria femoralis in four female and five male patients. The concentrations of glutamic acid, phenylalanine and lysine were significantly higher in blood from the arm vein than in blood of the arteria femoralis. The concentrations of valine, leucine and isoleucine were markedly lower in patients with liver cirrhosis than in normal persons. On the basis of the present findings and of the results obtained with normal subjects, it may be concluded that porto-caval anastomosis does not exert a noticeable effect on the metabolism of amino acids in patients with liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Concentrations of amino acids in the blood of different vessels of patients with cirrhosis of the liver during and after the introduction of a porto-caval anastomosis (author's transl)]. 121 May 2

A study was conducted to examine the inhibitory effect of acyclic retinoid (polyprenoic acid) on the secretion of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in rats with chronic liver damage induced by CCl4. Oral administration of the compound brought about a significant reduction of serum AFP levels at the time when liver cirrhosis was formed. Acyclic retinoid also decreased the activities of serum aminotransferases and ornithine carbamyl transferase, while it increased serum albumin levels, demonstrating the reduction of hepatic parenchymal damage. Significant negative correlation was observed between serum AFP and albumin levels. This cytoprotective effect of the retinoid on the parenchymal cell may well be related to the inhibition of the synthesis and/or secretion of AFP. No significant side effect was observed, despite a long-term administration of the compound. The present finding will provide a potential scope for the future use of acyclic retinoid for the treatment of chronic liver damage.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect of acyclic retinoid (polyprenoic acid) on the secretion of alpha-fetoprotein in CCl4-treated rats. 171 Nov 15

Zinc is an essential trace metal in the body. It's deficiency is known to induce skin lesions and hypogeusia. It also has an important role as a core element of various enzymes. In the liver, ornithine carbamyl transferase (OCT), a metal enzyme in the urea cycle, where ammonium is metabolized, contains zinc. The previous report showed that patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) were in a state of zinc deficiency. The present study investigated the possible involvement of hypozincemia in the functional failure of the urea cycle in hepatic insufficiency in rats with experimental LC. Compared with control rats, rats with LC showed a decrease in the serum zinc concentration (LC 118.6 +/- 33.7 micrograms/dl: control 161.6 +/- 13.9 micrograms/dl p less than 0.05), a decrease in the zinc content of the liver (LC 81.4 +/- 16.3 micrograms/g DW: control 108.1 +/- 6.9 micrograms/g DW p less than 0.01), a decrease in the OCT activity in the liver (LC 24.7 +/- 4.0 U/mg prot: control 42.4 +/- 3.8 U/mg prot p less than 0.01), and an increase in serum ammonium (LC 87.2 +/- 38.5 micrograms/dl: control 38.5 +/- 10.6 micrograms/dl p less than 0.05). There was a significant correlation between the zinc content and OCT activity in the cirrhotic liver (r = 0.6075, p less than 0.01). In addition, to evaluate the effect of dietary zinc on rats with LC, we divided these rats into two groups and fed them a diet with or without zinc for 4 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Studies of metabolic abnormality of zinc in chronic liver diseases (report 2)--basic examination of its effects on pathophysiology]. 273 94

Serum ornithine carbamyl transferase (OCT) was evaluated on eighteen dogs. Three groups were used, the first and second ones were treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCI(4)) to produce acute hepatic necrosis and cirrhosis. To the third group a ductus choledochus ligation was performed to simulate extrahepatic cholestasis. Ornithine carbamyl transferase has proven its use in all phases of hepatic necrosis, but only after the fourth day in the extrahepatic cholestasis. Finally in cirrhosis, it was sometimes difficult to interpret the results.
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PMID:[Serum ornithine transcarbamylase (OCT) activity in experimental liver diseases in the dog]. 424 89

Acute obstruction of the extrahepatic ducts causes gross proximal duct dilatation, and elevated levels of ornithine carbamyl transferase, bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase. Slow progressive obstruction causes variable proximal duct dilatation and in these cases bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and ornithine carbamyl transferase return to normal, despite the presence of severe though incomplete obstruction of the common duct and microscopic findings of biliary cirrhosis. In the early phases, ornithine carbamyl transferase is a slightly more sensitive indicator of biliary obstruction than alkaline phosphatase or bilirubin, but the values still return to normal in the face of a persistent stricture. If a patient who has previously had common duct surgery develops recurrent episodes of fever which suggest cholangitis, it should be assumed that he has a recurrent stricture, even though a cholangiogram and liver function may be normal or only slightly altered. A delay until the liver function studies show consistently raised levels may result in severe biliary cirrhosis and decreased hepatic reserve.
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PMID:Studies in obstructive jaundice. 581 Sep 71

The amino acid solution, Aminofusin hepar, was evaluated for treatment of hepatic encephalopathy and for parenteral nutrition of patients with liver cirrhosis in correlation to changes in amino acid levels. In contrast to amino acid solutions used for the parenteral nutrition of patients without liver disease, this solution contains an increased proportion of branch chained amino acids and of arginine and ornithine, and a reduced proportion of phenylalanine, methionine, glycine and threonine. The changes in the plasma amino acid levels after infusion of this solution were measured in 4 cirrhotics. The concentration of leucine, isoleucine, valine, ornithine and arginine increased markedly, whereas phenylalanine, methionine, tyrosine, glycine and threonine decreased. The ammonia level in venous blood increased slightly. 4 cirrhotics with encephalopathy were treated for 7 days. In 3 of them the neuropsychiatric symptoms were completely reversed, whereas in the remaining 1 no clinical improvement was achieved in spite of normalization of the plasma aminogramm. In this patient a constant rise of blood ammonia was noted. The indications for special amino acid solutions in liver diseases are discussed.
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PMID:[Parenteral feeding of patients with liver cirrhosis with hepatic encephalopathy]. 677 52


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