Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To assess the sensitivity, specificity and clinical value of prealbumin as liver test, prealbumin plasma levels were measured in 100 patients with liver disease and in 65 patients without clinical evidence of liver impairment. The sensitivity of prealbuminemia was higher than that of albumin, pseudocholinesterase, apolipoprotein and prothrombin activity. Its specificity was higher than that of pseudocholinesterase and comparable with the specificity of other liver tests. Prealbumin plasma levels were progressively decreasing in patients with liver cirrhosis graded as Child's A, B and C, respectively. In these patients prealbuminemia was correlated with galactose elimination capacity, assumed to be an index of maximal liver functional capacity.
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PMID:Value of prealbumin plasma levels as liver test. 362 40

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that galactose clearance (GC) can measure acute changes in liver blood flow (LBF) in normal and cirrhotic dogs. Ten dogs were studied. GC was measured preop. At laparotomy, GC, hepatic artery (HA) flow, portal vein (PV) flow, and cardiac output (CO) were measured at baseline, 50% portal vein occlusion (PVO), and portal vein release. HA and PV flows were measured using a flow probe (FP). Common bile duct ligation was then performed to cause cirrhosis and all measurements were repeated in 7 weeks. Statistical analyses showed that on PVO in both normal dogs (n = 10) and cirrhotic dogs (n = 5) the GC, HA flow, and CO were significantly different from their baseline values. In both groups PVO caused HA flow to increase, thus keeping FP-LBF unchanged while GC-LBF was significantly reduced compared to baseline. The possible explanations for this are discussed in the text. PVO also caused a significant reduction in CO due to splanchnic pooling in both normal and cirrhotic dogs. In both groups PVO results in an increased percentage of CO going to FP-LBF, while the percentage of CO going to GC-LBF remains unchanged. We conclude that GC can measure acute changes in LBF caused by a 50% PVO in both normal and cirrhotic dogs.
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PMID:Effect of portal vein occlusion on liver blood flow in normal and cirrhotic dogs. 376 36

A comparative analysis has been presented of the effect of the nonshunting operation on portal venous pressure and effective hepatic blood flow in patients with liver cirrhosis and idiopathic portal hypertension. A reduction of portal pressure after splenectomy with esophagogastric devascularization in 17 patients with idiopathic portal hypertension was significantly greater than that in 79 patients with liver cirrhosis (-21 +/- 4.1 percent versus -8.9 +/- 1.6 percent, p less than 0.01). Clearance of galactose from the blood, which approximates effective hepatic blood flow, was decreased after the nonshunting operation by 6.7 percent in five patients with liver cirrhosis (p value not significant). On the other hand, there was a 19.4 percent reduction (statistically significant) in galactose clearance in four patients with idiopathic portal hypertension (p less than 0.05). Based on these data, we suggest that in patients with idiopathic portal hypertension, the splenic circuit largely contributes to the portal hypertension, the effective hepatic blood flow, or both. We recommend a nonshunting operation for the treatment of esophageal varices from the hemodynamic viewpoint in cirrhotic patients.
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PMID:Effects of nonshunting operations on portal venous pressure and hepatic blood flow. 382 12

Following intravenous administration of 500 mg/kg b.wt. galactose, Galactose Elimination Capacity (GEC, mg/min/kg) was determined in 24 subjects with chronic non-cirrhotic liver disease (CLD), 33 with liver cirrhosis and 11 controls. GEC was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced in both CLD and cirrhosis. A statistically significant difference (P less than 0.01) was present between these two groups. Following the plasma disappearance curve at concentrations below 1.25 mmol/l, at which the extraction coefficient is assumed to be equal to one, the "Efficient Hepatic Blood Flow" (EHBF, ml/min) was determined in 11 consecutive cirrhosis patients, seven patients with CLD and 11 controls. EHBF was normal or slightly reduced in CLD as compared to controls (1046 +/- 216 vs. 1471 +/- 156 ml/min, mean +/- SEM, n.s.) whereas it was markedly reduced in cirrhosis (846 +/- 96 ml/min, mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.001). Interestingly, a significant linear correlation (r = 0.757, p less than 0.001) was present between EHBF and the plasma clearance of sulfobromophthalein. No correlation was present, on the other hand, between the value of GEC and that of EHBF. These data indicate that after a single intravenous injection of galactose, the hepatic blood flow passing through the enzymatically active parts of the liver (i.e. excluding shunts) can be measured.
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PMID:Estimation of the hepatic blood "flow" by galactose plasma clearance in patients with liver disease. 404 51

Active and passive intestinal absorption and the efficiency of hepatic galactose clearance were studied in 12 patients with liver cirrhosis and 8 healthy control subjects using differential absorption techniques in which paired sugar markers were ingested simultaneously. Such differential absorption procedures overcome the effects of variation in gastric emptying, intestinal transit, distribution space and renal clearance which could invalidate tests incorporating a single marker only. In the cirrhotic group, active absorption of D-xylose (D-xyl) compared with that of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (3-OMG), indicated by the ratio of D-xyl/3-OMG concentration in plasma, showed no reduction in respect to the control group. The passive intestinal permeability to lactulose (lac) compared with that of L-rhamnose (rham), indicated by urinary lac/rham excretion ratio, was not raised. These findings indicate no dysfunction of small intestinal mucosa in cirrhotic patients in spite of the clinical evidence of portal hypertension. Urinary galactose (gal) excretion after oral load was 10 times higher in the cirrhotic group (P less than 0.001). The gal/3-OMG excretion ratio correlated well with galactose elimination capacity as assessed by an intravenous method. Estimation of plasma D-xyl/3-OMG concentration and both urinary lac/rham and gal/3-OMG excretion ratios after appropriate oral loads provided a convenient and simultaneous evaluation of intestinal absorption, permeability and hepatic galactose elimination.
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PMID:Investigation of intestine and liver function in cirrhosis using combined sugar oral loads. 405 52

Fasting plasma caffeine concentrations (FPCC) were measured in 86 outpatients being examined for suspected or known liver disease. Seven patients (8%) who avoided caffeine consumption had nonmeasurable FPCC; they were dropped from further consideration. The remaining 79 subjects were divided into 4 diagnostic groups: surgical shunt (n = 11); alcoholic, posthepatitic, or primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 29); miscellaneous liver disease (n = 23); and normal liver (n = 16). FPCC was highest (mean, 17.8 mumol/l) in the shunt group, followed by the cirrhosis (12.3), miscellaneous liver diseases (4.6), and normal liver (2.1) groups. FPCC seemed to reflect severity of functional impairment, further supported by highly significant correlations with quantitative liver function tests, such as aminopyrine breath test (Rs = -0.89; n = 66), indocyanine green disappearance (Rs = -0.85; n = 65), and galactose elimination capacity (Rs = -0.70; n = 75). A careful dietary history showed no significant difference in caffeine consumption among the groups. It is suggested that in regular coffee drinkers FPCC might serve as a simple and convenient guide to the severity of functional impairment in chronic liver disease.
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PMID:Fasting plasma caffeine concentration. A guide to the severity of chronic liver disease. 408 23

Recently a medical treatment with propranolol has been proposed in order to decrease portal pressure and lessen the risk of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhotic patients. No data are available about another beta-blocker, nadolol, which, unlike propranolol, has a low hepatic metabolism, a low lipid solubility, a long serum half-life and does not reduce renal blood flow in patients with arterial hypertension. In 18 cirrhotics with portal hypertension, the effects of nadolol were studied on systemic and hepatic haemodynamics and liver function, at a dosage which reduced the heart rate by 25%. After one month of treatment, a significant decrease in cardiac output, portohepatic gradient and estimated hepatic blood flow were found. The degree of oesophageal varices was reduced in 11 patients, unchanged in the other seven. Hepatic function, evaluated by galactose eliminating capacity, did not change significantly. Although the small number of treated patients does not allow definitive conclusions, nadolol seems to have the features needed to be used in the medical treatment of portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:Use of a nonselective beta-blocker, nadolol, in the treatment of portal hypertension in cirrhotics. 409 19

Of 48 patients with fulminant hepatic failure who progressed to grade III or IV encephalopathy 38 showed evidence of renal impairment. In 32 of these patients the underlying cause could be placed initially into one of three categories-prerenal uraemia (4 patients), acute tubular necrosis (16), and "functional renal failure" (12). The latter differed in several respects from that seen with liver failure secondary to cirrhosis. The frequency and type of renal impairment was the same in those patients in whom the fulminant hepatic failure had resulted from an overdose of paracetamol as in the other aetiological groups.Abnormalities in plasma electrolytes were common-in particular hypernatraemia occurred in 11 patients from an osmotic diuresis precipitated by hypertonic dextrose or fructose given intravenously, and from the sodium in the fresh frozen plasma used to correct the coagulation disturbance when renal excretion of this ion was inappropriately low.
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PMID:Frequency and type of renal and electrolyte disorders in fulminant hepatic failure. 481 48

A total of 151 galactose tolerance tests (GTT) and liver biopsies were performed in a consecutive study of 45 psoriatic patients with methotrexate-induced liver fibrosis; of these, 23 had cirrhosis. Most patients with an abnormal liver histology had a normal GTT. We conclude that an oral GTT is not sensitive enough to reveal methotrexate-induced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. The results indicate that the histological changes in methotrexate-induced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis may be of a rather non-aggressive nature.
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PMID:Galactose tolerance test and methotrexate-induced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with psoriasis. 618 3

By means of a radioimmunoassay, which utilized [125I]-epiglycanin and anti-epiglycanin antiserum induced in rabbits by injections of viable TA3-Ha ascites cells with Freund's complete adjuvant, picogram quantities of epiglycanin could be detected. Anti-epiglycanin antiserum was similarly produced in allogeneic mice. Unlabeled epiglycanin lost the capacity to compete with [125I]epiglycanin in the radioimmunoassay as a result of periodate oxidation or incubation with endo-alpha-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminidase (Diplococcus pneumoniae), an enzyme found to cleave only the disaccharide beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1----3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose chain from serine or threonine residues in epiglycanin. Glycosylhydrolases known to cleave alpha-D-mannose, beta-D-galactose (1,4-linked), beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and alpha-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine did not reduce the activity of epiglycanin. Neuraminidase enhanced the activity twofold to fivefold. The finding that little or no activity was demonstrated by the disaccharide, the reduced disaccharide, or other glycoproteins containing the same disaccharide chain suggested that the antigenic determinant probably involved the disaccharide and a unique amino acid sequence at the site of its attachment. By means of the radioimmunoassay epiglycanin cross-reactive antigens were detected in the peritoneal or pleural fluid and in the sera of patients with metastatic cancer. Lower concentrations of epiglycanin-like antigen(s) were found in the peritoneal fluid of patients with hepatitis or liver cirrhosis but not in normal serum.
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PMID:Antibody to epiglycanin and radioimmunoassay to detect epiglycanin-related glycoproteins in body fluids of cancer patients. 620 3


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