Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Glucagon was tested for its effect on plasma adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP), insulin, and glucose in healthy subjects and in patients with advanced cirrhosis of the liver. In the normal subjects, intravenous infusion of glucagon caused a significant increase in plasma cyclic AMP, glucose, and insulin. In advanced cirrhotics, plasma cyclic AMP, glucose, and insulin did not increase. Adenylate cyclase concentration was measured in liver tissue from end stage cirrhotic patients and from brain-dead organ donors whose cardiovascular function was maintained in a stable state. Basal and total adenylate cyclase concentration were not different in the two groups. Adenylate cyclase from the livers of advanced cirrhotics was, however, significantly less responsive to glucagon stimulation than was that from donor livers. Hepatocytes in advanced cirrhosis have abnormal metabolic behavior characterized by abnormal adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP response to hormonal stimulation.
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PMID:Cyclic AMP metabolism and adenylate cyclase concentration in patients with advanced hepatic cirrhosis. 21 45

Theophylline and its derivatives, such as aminophylline, have an established role as bronchodilators, although their mode of action in man is not clear. There is circumstantial evidence that therapeutic doses of theophylline may have a phosphodiesterase inhibiting effect, thus potentiating the effects of cyclic AMP. However, it remains to be established whether this is the primary mode of action of theophylline at the biochemical level. The pathways of theophylline metabolism have been clarified, although most of the enzymes involved have not been characterized. Hepatic microsomal enzyme induction by polycyclic hydrocarbons will increase the rate of theophylline elimination. There are a number of factors which influence theophylline clearance in adults, which is known to be highly variable. These factors include obesity, smoking habit, diet and the presence of such diseases as hepatic cirrhosis, acute pulmonary oedema, cor pulmonale and viral respiratory infection. There is a good correlation between plasma theophylline level and bronchodilator effect. This can be demonstrated at plasma levels as low as 5 microgram/ml, although optimal levels are usually greater than 10 microgram/ml. Unacceptable toxicity usually occurs in association with plasma levels greater than 20 microgram/ml. The maintenance of adequate plasma theophylline levels by the use of a sustained-release aminophylline tablet is discussed.
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PMID:Theophylline: biochemical pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. 22 Jan 19

Plasma and 24-h urinary adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 12 normal subjects, 33 patients with six types of non-neoplastic disease (cholelithiasis, peptic ulcer, coronary heart disease, hypertension, regional ileitis, and cirrhosis), and 34 patients with five types of disseminated neoplastic disease (acute myelocytic leukemia; Hodgkin's disease; and metastatic cancer of the lung, colon, and breast). In patients with non-neoplastic disease, cyclic nucleotide values in plasma and urine did not differ significantly (P greater than 0.05) from those in normal subjects. In patients with disseminated cancer, cyclic AMP values in plasma and urine likewise did not differ significantly from those in normal subjects. Plasma cyclic GMP, in contrast, was significantly elevated in all five types of cancer patients, and urinary cyclic GMP was significantly elevated (five times the normal mean) in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:Plasma and urine cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate in disseminated cancer. 22 52

Plasma and 24-hour urinary cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels were determined by saturation analysis in specimens from normal subjects and from 101 patients with tumours of the gastrointestinal tract, breast, lung, bladder or prostate, or with cirrhosis of the liver. Relative to 46 control subjects, plasma cyclic GMP concentrations were significantly elevated in seven patients with gastric tumours, 20 patients with cancer of the breast, six patients with lung cancer, and 12 patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Urinary cyclic GMP/creatinine ratios were significantly increased in cirrhotic patients and in the lung and oesophageal cancer groups. In no cancer group were increases in plasma or urine cyclic GMP levels sufficiently consistent to be of value in the diagnosis of human malignant disease. Changes in extracellular fluid cyclic nucleotide levels in the cirrhotic group were very similar to those that have been reported for primary hepatoma patients.
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PMID:Plasma and urine cyclic nucleotide levels in malignant disease and cirrhosis of the liver. 23 Feb 5

Through the use of the Limulus test research has been carried out on gram-negative endotoxin in patients with hepatic cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, acute hepatitis, and in a control group. The positivity of this test in patients with cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis was 93.3% and in cases of acute hepatitis it was 90.9%. The effect of the combined administration of lactulose and paromomycin on endotoxin blood levels has been evaluated in a group of 9 patients with acute hepatitis, 8 with cirrhosis, 1 in hepatic coma, and 1 patient with chronic persistent hepatitis: in 18 of the 19 patients the Limulus test became negative. The results have been discussed in relation to clinical and laboratory data, and to recent data concerning the interaction between intestinal bacterial flora, endotoxin, and liver. Hypotheses have been proposed regarding the hepatocellular c-AMP mediated mechanism of endotoxin action.
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PMID:Control of endotoxinemia in liver disease by lactulose and paromomycin. 51 57

The activity of adenosine desaminase AMP-desaminase and glutaminase was studied in blood serum and the liver tissue at the normal state and with acute, subacute experimental affection of the liver as well as with the CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis and obturation jaundice in different periods. It is shown that the degree and trend of changes in the enzyme activity in the affected liver depend on the character and duration of the affecting agents action. The acute and subacute affection of the liver and one-day obturation jaundice are accompanied by a decrease in the activity of all the studied enzymes in the liver tissue. With cirrhosis induced by a multiple administration of CCl4 for three months or with a month obturation jaundice the activity of glutaminase in the liver tissue lowers and that of adenosine desaminase and AMP-desaminase increased sharply. In blood serum the activity of adenosine desaminase and AMP-desaminase increases more considerably with acute affection and cirrhosis, especially with billar one.
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PMID:[Enzymes participating in the formation of ammonia in various experimental liver diseases]. 94 74

After hepatectomy patients with cirrhosis and liver cancer may develop progressive hepatic dysfunction and eventually hepatic failure. Insulin and glucagon are often used to treat certain kinds of hepatic dysfunction and hepatic insufficiency. We investigated the effect of glucagon on bile acid metabolism and pancreatic endocrine function. In 7 patients with severe cirrhosis and cancer of the liver, 1 mg of glucagon was injected intravenously pre- and post-operatively, and total bile acids, C-AMP, and bile acid fractions were determined. In the pre-operative glucagon tolerance test, the C-AMP level rose from a baseline of 14 +/- 0.8 PMol/ml to 362 +/- 94 PMol/ml 30 min after the injection of glucagon (p less than 0.01); and the level of total bile acids decreased from a baseline of 28 +/- 9 microMol/ml to 11 +/- 3 microMol/ml 60 min after the injection of glucagon. The post-operative C-AMP level increased from a baseline of 13 +/- 1 PMol/ml to 192 +/- 58 PMol/ml level of 30 min after the injection of glucagon (p less than 0.01), and the post-operative level of total bile acids decreased from a baseline of 64 +/- 20 microMol/ml to 26 +/- 7 microMol/ml 60 min after the injection of glucagon. There was a significant correlation between the 5-min increment ratio of C-AMP and the decrement ratio of total bile acids (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of glucagon on bile acid metabolism after resection of liver cancer in patients with cirrhosis. 196 64

The influence of pentoxifylline on normal and diseased neutrophil function has been studied in vitro. In high concentrations pentoxifylline stimulated human neutrophil chemotaxis toward both bacterial oligopeptides and complement components. Pentoxifylline was also shown in vitro to restore the normal chemotactic capacity of neutrophils from patients with known functional defects, i.e. myelodysplastic syndromes, lazy leucocyte syndrome, juvenile parodontitis, hyper-IgE-syndrome and liver cirrhosis. Pentoxifylline was also shown to strongly inhibit the release of primary and secondary granule release of granulocytes. Moreover, pentoxifylline inhibits both basal and stimulated neutrophil adhesion to both aortic and pulmonary artery calf endothelium. The mechanism whereby pentoxifylline exerts this action is not adequately understood. While our results partially imply interference of pentoxifylline with neutrophil cyclic AMP and/or prostaglandin metabolism, down-regulation of neutrophil functional antigen (e.g. CD11, CD18) expression seems to play a key role in the observed drug effects. Finally, these results indicate that pentoxifylline may be useful in the treatment of granulocyte mediated diseases and symptoms.
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PMID:In vitro modulation of normal and diseased human neutrophil function by pentoxifylline. 197 92

Fifty three patients with liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver disease were divided into three different groups according to severity (group I: non-cirrhotic group, group II: compensated cirrhotic group, group III: decompensated cirrhotic group) and were studied with regard to their autonomic nervous and general nervous activity. To estimate the patients' autonomic nervous activity, they were examined on the following items: 1) their subjective symptoms, 2) orthostatic dysregulation, 3) coefficient of variation in R-R interval in ECG (CVR-R) at rest, 4) minimum heart rate (MHR) at night, CVR-R at MHR at night, disparity in MHR between day and night (all three of these items measured using the Holter ECG), 5) serum adrenalin, noradrenaline, cyclic AMP, and cyclic GMP. Meanwhile, general nervous activity was evaluated by measuring the reaction time to sound and light stimuli and by performing a number connection test. Cardiac function was also measured using radionuclide angiography to study its relationship to autonomic nervous disturbance in patients with chronic liver disease. The results of autonomic nervous function tests, especially CVR-R at rest, MHR at night, CVR-R at MHR at night and the disparity in MHR between day and night, indicated a marked lowering of autonomic nervous function in group III. In the serological examination, serum noradrenaline. and cyclic GMP levels were significantly higher in groups II and III. The evaluation of general nervous function showed that the reaction time to sound and light stimuli was significantly slower in group III than in group I. The cardiac function test revealed no statistically significant differences between the groups. In conclusion, autonomic nervous disturbance in patients with chronic liver disease seems to increase gradually as the disease progresses and to emerge as a distinct clinical symptom chiefly at the decompensated stage of liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Autonomic nervous activity in patients with chronic liver disease especially liver cirrhosis]. 201 37

Hepatic function frequently becomes worse, after hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma associated with cirrhosis. We usually use insulin and glucagon to treat patients with poor hepatic function, so we examined hepatic function in these patients in relation to bile acid metabolism. 1) Total serum bile acid levels were increased in patients with cirrhosis, and serum GCDCA, TCDCA values were especially high. After surgery, they rose even higher. 2) Glucagon was shown to stimulate C-AMP and decreased total serum bile acid, and especially serum GCDCA and TCDCA values.
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PMID:[Effect of glucagon on bile acid after hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma associated with cirrhosis]. 217 18


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