Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma fatty acids and lipid peroxidation were studied in human atherosclerosis. Analysis of fatty acids in 16 controls and 32 hyperlipidemic patients showed, in the latter, a decrease in saturated fatty acids, especially palmitic and stearic acids, and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, especially arachidonic acid. Compared to hyperlipidemic patients without arterial injury, patients with arterial injury exhibit a significant increase in malonaldehyde (MDA). In the former, MDA concentrations are significantly increased compared to controls. Therefore, peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids may have a deleterious effect on arteries in atheroma, through the release of toxic endoperoxydes and the metabolization of arachidonic acid into thromboxane, which is a platelet aggregator. Lipid peroxidation can also be demonstrated in other diseases: we found very high MDA concentration in 11 alcoholic patients (alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis) and 6 patients with inflammatory conditions such as Crohn disease.
 ...
PMID:[Fatty acid and lipid peroxidation in human atherosclerosis]. 630 85

Several studies provided evidence that various prostaglandins exhibited a hepatoprotective effect in vivo as well in vitro the mechanism of which is still in debate. Therefore, the aim of our studies was to examine the effect of PGE2 on some biochemical and morphological alterations in chemically induced liver cirrhosis in rats. A micronodular liver cirrhosis was induced by treatment of rats with thioacetamide for 3 months. Morphologically, the administration of PGE2 for 8 days reduced the extent of vacuolar transformation of the hepatocytes and the density of the nuclear structure without affecting the fibrotic state as assessed by the hepatic hydroxyproline content. The widening of the sinusoids indicated an improved hepatic microcirculation. Administration of PGE2 significantly elevated the percentage portion of arachidonic (20:4) and docosapentaenoic (22:5) acid in the hepatic phospholipids and reduced the ratio 20:3/20:4 fatty acids in comparison to the untreated cirrhotic animals. The hepatic MDA concentration was decreased by 40% in PGE2-treated animals. PGE2 treatment also reduced the content of polar as well as of non-polar carbonyls when compared with the controls. Moreover, treatment with PGE2 lowered iron-induced or iron plus ascorbate-induced MDA production of isolated hepatocytes. From the data it was concluded that the hepatoprotective effect of PGE2 may be related to its antioxidative capacity.
 ...
PMID:Antioxidative effect of prostaglandin E2 in thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis. 908 89

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinical impact of reperfusion injury after normothermic ischemia during major liver resections and the effect of an intraoperative antioxidant infusion. This prospective randomized study comprised 50 patients; half of them (treatment group) were given an antioxidant infusion containing tocopherol and ascorbate immediately prior to reperfusion onset. Venous blood samples for the determination of MDA-TBARS (malondialdehyde-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) by a HPLC-based test as a marker of lipid peroxidation were taken prior to ischemia, 30 min after reperfusion onset and at the end of the operation. In the control group there was a significant increase of MDA-TBARS (p = 0.001) at 30 min after reperfusion onset. At the end of the operation the values had returned to the initial level. The treatment group showed only a marginal increase (p-value for the difference between the two groups: 0.007). After exclusion of the patients with histologically proven advanced cirrhosis the increase in the control group (p < 0.001) and the difference between the increase in the two groups (p = 0.001) became more significant. Prothrombin time was also significantly better in the treatment group (p = 0.003). Postoperative complications such as prolonged liver failure, bleeding disorders and infections were seen more often in the control group. In our study MDA-TBARS was increased after liver ischemia, but in patients with advanced cirrhosis the effect was smaller or even absent. This increase and possible clinical consequences of reperfusion injury could be reduced by intraoperative administration of an antioxidant infusion.
 ...
PMID:Normothermic liver ischemia and antioxidant treatment during hepatic resections. 1040 Apr 58

Oxidative stress due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause oxidative damage to cells. Cells have a number of defense mechanisms to protect themselves from the toxicity of ROS. Mitochondria are especially important in the oxidative stress as ROS have been found to be constantly generated as an endogen threat. Mitochondrial defense depends mainly on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), whereas microsomal defense depends on catalase (CAT), which is an enzyme abundant in microsomes. SOD removes superoxide anions by converting them to H2O2, which can be rapidly converted to water by CAT and GPx. Also, GPx converts hydroperoxide (ROOH) into oxidized-glutathione (GSSG). Ovariectomized (OVX) rats are used as an oxidative stress model. An ovariectomy increased the levels of MDA, one of the end-products in the lipid peroxidative process, and decreased levels of the antioxidative enzymes; SOD, CAT and GPx. However, Chondroitin sulfate (CS) decreased the levels of MDA, but increased the levels of SOD, CAT and GPx in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, inflammation and cirrhosis of liver tissue in CS- treated rats were significantly decreased. These results suggest that CS might be a potential candidate as an antioxidative reagent.
 ...
PMID:Oxidative stress in ovariectomy menopause and role of chondroitin sulfate. 1546 Apr 50

We investigated glutathione level, activities of selenium independent GSH peroxidase, selenium dependent GSH peroxidase, GSH S-transferase, GSH reductase and the rate of lipid peroxidation expressed as the level of malondialdehyde in liver tissues obtained from patients diagnosed with cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. GSH level was found to be lower in malignant tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues and it was higher in cancer than in cirrhotic tissue. Non-Se-GSH-Px activity was lower in cancer tissue compared with adjacent normal liver or cirrhotic tissue, while Se-GSH-Px activity in cancer was found to be similar to its activity in cirrhotic tissue and lower compared to control tissue. An increase in GST activity was observed in cirrhotic tissue compared with cancer tissue, whereas the GST activity in cancer was lower than in adjacent normal tissue. The activity of GSH-R was similar in cirrhotic and cancer tissues, but higher in cancer tissue compared to control liver tissue. An increased level of MDA was found in cancer tissue in comparison with control tissue, besides its level was higher in cancer tissue than in cirrhotic tissue. Our results show that the antioxidant system of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is severely impaired. This is associated with changes of glutathione level and activities of GSH-dependent enzymes in liver tissue. GSH and enzymes cooperating with it are important factors in the process of liver diseases development.
 ...
PMID:Glutathione and GSH-dependent enzymes in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. 1640 76

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a key player of Renin Angiotensin System (RAS), involved in conversion of active product, angiotensin-II. Alterations in RAS have been implicated in the pathophysiology of various diseases involving heart, kidney, lung and liver. This study is designed to investigate the association of ACE gene expression in induction of liver cirrhosis in rats. Total 12 male albino Wistar rats were selected and divided in two groups. Control group received 0.9% NaCl, where as Test group received thioacidamide (TAA), dissolved in 0.9%NaCl, injected intraperitoneally at a dosage of 200mg/Kg of body weight, twice a week for 12 weeks. The rats were decapitated and blood sample was collected at the end of experimental period and used for liver functions, enzyme activity, antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation estimations. Genomic DNA was isolated from excised tissue determine the ACE genotypes using specific primers. The ACE gene expression in liver tissue was assessed using the quantitative RT-PCR method. The activity of ALT, total and direct bilirubin, SOD and CAT levels were significantly high (p<0.05) and level of MDA was significantly low (p<0.05) in TAA treated rats as compared to control rats. The ACE gene expression after 12 weeks TAA treatment in cirrhotic rats was significantly increased (p<0.05) in comparison to controls. This study describes the importance of RAS in the development of hepatic fibrosis and the benefits of modulation of this system ACE gene expression. The finding of major up-regulation of ACE in the experimental rat liver provides further insight into the complexities of the RAS and its regulation in liver injury. The development of specific modulators of ACE activity and function, in future, will help determine the role of ACE and its genetic variants in the pathophysiology of liver disease.
 ...
PMID:Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene expression in experimentally induced liver cirrhosis in rats. 2403 38

Selenium is an essential trace element and has been shown to protect the rats against dietary liver necrosis. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of selenium supplementation on different biochemical parameters in thioacetamide induced cirrhotic rats. For this purpose 24 male Albino wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=6). Group I, remained healthy control rats, Group II, received thioacetamide (at a dose of 200mg/kg b.w, i.p, for 12 weeks, twice a week) in first phase and saline in second phase, Group III, received thioacetamide (200mg/kg b.w, i.p for 12 weeks, twice a week) in first phase and sodium selenite ((1mg/kg b.w, i.p. for 12 weeks, three times a week ) in second phase and Group IV, received sodium selenite (1mg/kg b.w, i.p. for 12 weeks, three times a week) in first phase and saline in second phase. Biochemical analysis was evaluated by total and direct bilirubin, liver specific enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes. Marked increase in total and direct bilirubin and ALT activity was the indicative markers of liver cirrhosis while reduced antioxidant activity (SOD and GSH) and increased MDA and Catalase levels were observed in cirrhotic group. Sodium selenite supplementation markedly reduced total bilirubin and ALT activity and restored the antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GSH) and MDA and catalase activity. These results indicate that sodium selenite successively attenuates the thioacetamide induced liver cirrhosis.
...
PMID:Role of selenium in protection of liver cirrhosis. 2419 12

Fasciola gigantica is a parasitic helminth that predominantly infects the liver and bile ducts of cattle and causes great losses of cattle production in the southwestern regions of Iran. The purpose of the present study was to find out the possible relationship between the extent of liver destruction and oxidative stress by estimating the level of MDA, and SOD and GPX enzymes in the liver of cattle infected with F. gigantica. Studies were carried out on 49 infected and 20 healthy livers. Based on the results, the SOD activity of the infected livers was substantially lower than those of the healthy ones. As in the livers with more damage, a significant decrease was observed in the SOD activity. Although the GPX activity of the control livers and the livers with low damage showed no statistically significant variation this value was significantly different between the livers with high injury and the control ones. The MDA level of the infected animals was significantly higher than the non-infected animals. In addition, the level of MDA production showed a parallel correlation with the severity of infection. By histological examination, the lesions in infected livers were varied from tortuous, organized fibrotic areas in or around the hepatic lobules, cirrhosis, and chronic catarrhal cholangitis to fresh migratory tunnels filled with RBC and eosinophils. Multifocal and relatively homogenous populations of densely packed spindle cells with blunt-ended nuclei, arranged in broad interlacing fascicles were noted in samples of 10 infected livers. Based on the histological features by routine and special staining and the results of the immune labeling, the tumors were diagnosed as hepatic leiomyoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the concomitant occurrence of Fasciola gigantica infection and leiomyoma in cattle. Therefore, there is considerable evidence indicating that the severity of hepatic damage in fasciolosis is causally associated with the extent of intrahepatic oxidative stress. Future research is necessary in order to clarify the complex host-parasite interactions and to better define the oncogenic implications of F. gigantica infection.
...
PMID:Role of oxidative stress in concomitant occurrence of Fasciola gigantica and leiomyoma in cattle. 2463 11

Betel-quid use is associated with the risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the impact of arecoline on human hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in vitro and rat hepatic CYP enzymes, as well as the hepatic oxidative stress and liver injury of rats in vivo. The in vitro results indicated that arecoline hydrobromide (AH) has no significant effect on the activities of CYP2B, 2C9, 3A4, 1A2, 2E1 and 2D6 in human liver microsome (HLM). However, oral administration of AH at 4 and 20 mg/kg/d for seven consecutive days significantly increased the activities of rat hepatic CYP2B, 2E1, 2D, 3A, 2C and 1A2. In addition, AH at 100 mg/kg/d significantly increased the levels of ALT, AST and MDA, decreased the levels of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and GSH, in rat liver. The in vivo induction of AH on rat hepatic CYP isoforms suggested that the high risk of metabolic interaction should be existed when the substrate drugs of the six kinds of CYP isoforms was administered in betel-quid use human. Furthermore, the in vivo results also suggested that AH-induced hepatoxicity should be associated with the induction of AH on rat hepatic CYP2E1 and 2B.
...
PMID:Effects of arecoline on hepatic cytochrome P450 activity and oxidative stress. 2505 85

Several studies have shown that hepatocyte membrane composition changes in patients with cholestasis and cirrhosis. These alterations that are because of intracellular oxidative stress are supposed to be reflected in erythrocyte membrane. The aim of this study was to investigate the modification of erythrocyte membrane along with hexokinase and antioxidant enzymes during development of cirrhosis. Cirrhosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 in male Wistar rats. The test groups were: baseline, cholestatic, early cirrhotic and advanced cirrhotic along with an equal number of sham-control animals. The erythrocyte membrane modifications (protein sulfhydryl, protein carbonyl, and lipid peroxidation), as well as NO metabolites, were assessed. Activities of GPX, CAT, SOD and HK were also measured. Protein sulfhydryl content of the erythrocyte membrane (after 2, 6 and 10 weeks of injection) had significant progressive decrease. In contrast, protein carbonyls were remarkably increased 2 weeks after injection but significantly decreased after 6 weeks and returned to normal levels after 10 weeks. No significant difference in erythrocyte HK activity or MDA content was observed. Test groups showed significantly lower erythrocyte GPx activity after six weeks and CAT and SOD activities along with NO metabolites content after two weeks (P<0.05). This study indicates that the progression of cirrhosis is accompanied by alterations in antioxidant enzyme and decreased NO metabolites. Protein carbonyl alteration occurs in the early stages of cirrhosis while protein sulfhydryl alterations have a progressive decrease in advanced cirrhosis.
...
PMID:Alteration in membrane protein, antioxidant status and hexokinase activity in erythrocytes of CCl4- induced cirrhotic rats. 2541 10


1 2 3 Next >>