Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The objective of this prospective study was to assess the prognostic value of dynamic liver function tests and traditional methods of evaluating liver function in potential candidates for hepatic transplantation. Patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation within the follow-up period of 120 days were excluded. The study included 107 adult and 57 pediatric patients with cirrhosis. Postnecrotic cirrhosis was present in 107 and biliary cirrhosis in 57 of 164 patients. During the follow-up period, 26 of 164 patients died of their liver disease. At the time of inclusion, we recorded monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) formation from lidocaine, indocyanine green (ICG) half-life, bilirubin and albumin serum concentration, activity of cholinesterase and alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin time, the clinical complication of ascites, and--in adults--the Pugh score also. These variables were subjected as covariates to a survival analysis (Cox proportional hazards regression model) using separately the data from adults, pediatric patients, all patients with postnecrotic cirrhosis, and all patients with biliary cirrhosis. In all of these four subgroups there was a significant relationship between MEGX and ICG test results and the 120-day survival. In the stepwise analysis, none of the remaining parameters contributed to a further relevant improvement of our predictive ability when added to the values of ICG and MEGX. Our results suggest that the ICG and the MEGX test are superior to conventional liver function tests and the Pugh score in assessing short-term prognosis in cirrhotics independently from the etiology of the underlying liver disease. These findings may have important implications for determining the optimum timing of transplantation.
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PMID:Assessment of pretransplant prognosis in patients with cirrhosis. 201 33

C4b-binding protein (C4bp), a glycoprotein involved in regulating the classical pathway of the complement system, binds the activated form of C4b and accelerates the decay rate of the C4b, C2a complex. Recently, sequence analysis of the cDNA for proline-rich protein (PRP) demonstrated that PRP is identical with C4bp. We measured the concentration of C4bp in serum by single radial immunodiffusion in patients with various liver diseases. Concentration of C4bp was significantly lower in hepatic cirrhosis (P = 0.001) and higher in fatty liver (P = 0.0002) than the control values, after adjusting for age, sex, and concentration of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and C-reactive protein. Significant positive correlations were observed between the concentration of C4bp in serum and total protein, albumin, cholinesterase level, and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity. Immunohistochemical analysis of human liver with specific antiserum to human C4bp demonstrated reaction endproducts in the hepatocytes around the central veins. These observations provide evidence that C4bp is synthesized by hepatocytes.
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PMID:Evidence that C4b-binding protein (proline-rich protein) is synthesized by hepatocytes. 204 87

Arterial ketone body ratio (AKBR) were examined in 114 cases of hepato-biliary tract diseases. AKBR of the normal control was 1.47 +/- 0.38, while it remained less than 0.7 in liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), alcoholic liver diseases and malignant biliary tract obstruction. AKBR correlated well with serum albumin and cholinesterase. Thirty five cases of HCC were treated with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), 20 cases with gelatin sponge and 15 cases without gelatin sponge. In cases with gelatin sponge AKBR decreased significantly immediately after TAE and recovered gradually during 24 hours. Without gelatin sponge AKBR decreased slightly and remained unchanged until 24 hours later. Concerning the prognosis after TAE, AKBR recovered well in cases with good prognosis, while in poor prognosis AKBR progressively decreased to below 0.3. In experimental TAE with gelatin sponge using rabbit VX2-induced liver tumor, AKBR decreased significantly. In fatal rabbit group after TAE, AKBR decreased progressively. Plasma endotoxin was also measured in TAE with experimental rabbit, AKBR and endotoxin showed reverse correlation. From these results it was suggested that the measurement of AKBR is very useful for the evaluation of efficacy and prognosis of TAE in primary liver cancer.
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PMID:[Changes in arterial ketone body ratio after transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma-clinical and experimental studies]. 217 Jul 13

The disappearance rate of indocyanine green (K.ICG) and the maximum removal rate (Rmax) usually correlate with each other. However, in some cases it was shown there was a dissociation between them. We investigated the relationship between the two rates in 146 subjects. K.ICG and Rmax correlated strongly with a correlation coefficient of 0.749 (p less than 0.001). Sixty-six cases were included in the limits of 95% confidence, and the other 80 cases outside the limits were defined as dissociated cases. Among them a lower Rmax rate as compared to the K.ICG rate was found in many cases of obstructive jaundice. Particularly a lower K.ICG rate compared to the Rmax rate was found in many cases of liver cirrhosis accompanied by esophageal varices and idiopathic portal hypertension. On the other hands, we performed multiple regression analysis on 12 other liver function tests. K.ICG was strongly related to platelet count, circulatory blood volume, and albumin, all factors relating to portal hypertension. Rmax largely depended on LCAT, A/G ratio, and cholinesterase, which are Therefore, the dissociation between K.ICG and Rmax was caused by differences in the characteristic of each disease.
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PMID:[Evaluation of correlation between the disappearance rate of indocyanine green and the maximum removal rate]. 223 72

Isozymic alteration of serum cholinesterase (ChE) was investigated in patients with chronic liver diseases using affinity electrophoresis with concanavalin A (Con A) or wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). On Con A-containing agarose gel electrophoresis, three bands with enzyme activity (named bands I to III, from the anodic side to the cathodic) were observed in sera of normal controls. Disappearance of band II was observed in 50% (15/30) of cirrhotic patients, but only one of 20 patients with chronic hepatitis lacked band II of the serum ChE isozymes. Meanwhile, WGA-containing agarose gel electrophoresis revealed that normal controls had four ChE isozymes (named bands I to IV from the anodic side to the cathodic). These four isozymes were also observed in patients with chronic hepatitis. However approximately 67% (20/30) of cirrhotic patients lacked band II of ChE isozymes. When these two affinity electrophoreses were used in combination, 22 (73%) of 30 cirrhotic patients had isozymic alteration of their serum ChE on either Con A-containing or WGA-containing agarose gel electrophoresis, or both. Thus, affinity electrophoreses with Con A and WGA seemed to be useful methods in differentiating liver cirrhosis from chronic hepatitis.
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PMID:Discrimination of liver cirrhosis from chronic hepatitis by analysis of serum cholinesterase isozymes using affinity electrophoresis with concanavalin A or wheat germ agglutinin. 227 33

Clinical usefulness of mean transit time (MTT) through the liver was evaluated by deconvolution analysis using 99mTc-EHIDA hepatobiliary scintigraphy in 82 patients with various hepatobiliary diseases and 18 normal controls. Initial transfer factor was also obtained according to the method of Rutland. Results obtained were as follows. 1) Effect of the age on MTT was not observed in normal controls. 2) MTT in left lobe of normal controls was significantly prolonged compared with that of right lobe (P less than 0.01). This kind of difference was not observed in patients with liver cirrhosis. 3) MTT in patients with obstructive jaundice, chronic liver diseases, liver cirrhosis at decompensative state and primary biliary cirrhosis was significantly prolonged compared with that in normal controls (P less than 0.01). 4) MTT in patients with liver cirrhosis at compensative state showed normal values, although blood clearance rate in those patients was significantly decreased (P less than 0.05). 5) Positive correlation was observed between MTT and values of T-Bil, ALP, LAP, and gamma-GTP. Negative correlation was observed between MTT and value of cholinesterase. 6) Initial transfer factor correlated with blood clearance rate. (r = 0.76, P less than 0.01). 7) Initial transfer factor in left lobe of normal controls was significantly decreased compared with that of right lobe (P less than 0.01). This kind of difference was not observed in patients with liver cirrhosis. 8) Initial transfer factor in patients with liver cirrhosis in both compensative and decompensative states and PBC was significantly decreased compared with that in normal controls. Estimation of MTT and initial transfer factor could be a useful parameters to assess transfer function of the liver.
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PMID:[Hepatic mean transit time of 99mTc-EHIDA estimated by deconvolution analysis]. 232 33

Hepatic binding protein (HBP) is a hepatic cell surface receptor specific for asialoglycoprotein. In vivo estimates of HBP concentration ([HBP]) were compared to classical indicators for hepatic functional reserve to clarify the validity of [HBP] in estimating the hepatic functional reserve in 30 humans. Estimates of [HBP] were obtained based on kinetic analysis of liver and blood time-activity data resulting from the hepatic clearance of a single injection of technetium-99m galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin, which is a synthetic analog radioligand specific to HBP. Estimates of [HBP] ranged 0.054 to 0.720 microM. Estimates of [HBP] in normal volunteers were 0.668 +/- 0.050 microM, whereas that in liver cirrhosis were 0.188 +/- 0.112 microM. The difference between the mean values of [HBP] estimates was statistically significant (p = 0.0001). Good correlations were observed between [HBP] and prothrombin time (r = 0.625, p = 0.0002), serum albumin level (r = 0.687, p = 0.0001), serum cholinesterase level (r = 0.764, p = 0.0001), indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate (r = 0.602, p = 0.0024), and Child-Turcotte classification score (Pugh's modification) (r = -0.797, p = 0.0001). We concluded that excellent correlations of [HBP] with classical indicators for hepatic functional reserve suggest potential value of [HBP] as a sensitive measure of functioning hepatocyte mass.
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PMID:In vivo estimates of hepatic binding protein concentration: correlation with classical indicators of hepatic functional reserve. 238 27

In this review, some common food plants and their toxic or otherwise bioactive components and mycotoxin contaminants have been considered. Crucifers contain naturally occurring components that are goitrogenic, resulting from the combined action of allyl isothiocyanate, goitrin, and thiocyanate. Although crucifers may provide some protection from cancer when taken prior to a carcinogen, when taken after a carcinogen they act as promoters of carcinogenesis. The acid-condensed mixture of indole-3-carbinol (a component of crucifers) binds to the TCDD receptor and causes responses similar to those of TCDD. Herbs contain many biologically active components, with more than 20% of the commercially prepared human drugs coming from these plants. Onion and garlic juices can help to prevent the rise of serum cholesterol. Most herbs used in treatments may have many natural constituents that act oppositely from their intended use. Some herbs like Bishop's week seed contain carcinogens, and many contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids that can cause cirrhosis of the liver. The general phytoalexin response in plants (including potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, celery, and sweet potatoes) induced by external stimuli can increase the concentrations of toxic chemical constituents in those plants. In potatoes, two major indigenous compounds are alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine, which are human plasma cholinesterase inhibitors and teratogens in animals. Because of its toxicity, the potato variety Lenape was withdrawn from the market. Celery, parsley, and parsnips contain the linear furanocoumarin phytoalexins psoralen, bergapten, and xanthotoxin that can cause photosensitization and also are photomutagenic and photocarcinogenic. Celery field workers and handlers continually have photosensitization problems as a result of these indigenous celery furanocoumarins. A new celery cultivar (a result of plant breeding to produce a more pest-resistant variety) was responsible for significant incidences of phytophotodermatitis of grocery employees. Since there is no regulatory agency or body designated to oversee potential toxicological issues associated with naturally occurring toxicants, photodermatitis continues to occur from celery exposure. Sweet potatoes contain phytoalexins that can cause lung edema and are hepatotoxic to mice. At least one of these, 4-ipomeanol, can cause extensive lung clara cell necrosis and can increase the severity of pneumonia in mice. Some phytoalexins in sweet potatoes are hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic to mice. The common mushroom Agaricus bisporus contains benzyl alcohol as its most abundant volatile, and A. bisporus and Gyromitra esculenta both contain hydrazine analogues. Mycotoxins are found in corn, cottonseed, fruits, grains, grain sorghums, and nuts (especially peanuts); therefore, they also occur in apple juice, bread, peanut butter, and other products made from contaminated starting materials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Natural pesticides and bioactive components in foods. 240 25

The time change of laboratory variables in cirrhosis was studied by analysis of data from 488 patients with cirrhosis included in a controlled clinical trial of long-term prednisone vs. placebo. In the placebo group, a marked regression towards normal was seen within 3 months of entry into the trial (increase in serum albumin, acetylcholinesterase, cholesterol, hemoglobin and decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate). The subsequent course did not show a clear pattern, except for a slight increase in serum bilirubin and decrease in albumin. When studied in relation to the time of death in patients dying from a "hepatic" cause, marked increase in bilirubin and decrease in prothrombin index, albumin and cholesterol were seen in the year prior to death with little change before that time. In the prednisone group, a more marked decrease in bilirubin, SGOT, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-globulin, sulfobromophthalein retention, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and increase in leukocytes, prothrombin index and cholesterol were seen during the first 3 months. In relation to time of death from a "hepatic" cause, similar changes were seen as in the placebo group except that alkaline phosphatase increased and cholesterol did not decrease. A beneficial effect of prednisone on survival, as expressed by a previously developed therapeutic index, was associated with decrease in SGOT, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-globulin within the first 3 months. An increase in SGOT during prednisone seemed to be associated with harmful effects of therapy.
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PMID:Changes of laboratory variables with time in cirrhosis: prognostic and therapeutic significance. 241 49

S protein/vitronectin plays an important role as a regulatory component in the terminal steps of the complement- and coagulation cascades. In patients suffering from chronic liver diseases, plasma S protein concentration was measured and compared with changes in serum cholinesterase activity, coagulation factor X activity and complement component C3 concentration. Significant decreases of all these proteins were seen in liver cirrhosis. Changes in S protein concentration correlated closely with those of cholinesterase, factor X and complement C3. The data give support for the liver as the main organ of plasma S protein/vitronectin synthesis.
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PMID:S protein/vitronectin in chronic liver diseases: correlations with serum cholinesterase, coagulation factor X and complement component C3. 244 58


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