Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In experimental animals endotoxin administration causes increased levels of thromboxane B2 and prostaglandins. Liver cirrhosis is often complicated by endotoxemia. In sixteen patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, we measured plasma thromboxane B2 levels. In twelve patients we found on one or more occasions raised plasma thromboxane B2 levels. Raised plasma thromboxane B2 levels were associated with significantly higher serum levels of urea, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and lower antiplasmin and antithrombin III levels. It is possible that some of the complications in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis are mediated by thromboxanes.
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PMID:Raised plasma thromboxane B2 levels in alcoholic liver disease. 657 82

The potential promoting and/or complete carcinogenic activity of a methyl group-deficient (MD) diet lacking methionine, choline, vitamin B12, and folate on liver tumor induction in weanling male F344/NCr rats was examined. Each of 50 rats per group received one injection 20 mg diethylnitrosamine [(DENA) CAS: 55-18-5; N-nitrosodiethylamine]/kg body weight at 4 weeks of age, and then each was maintained on a methyl group-adequate (MA) diet for 52 weeks (groups 2 and 5) or on an MD diet for 15 weeks followed by the MA diet for 37 weeks (group 4). Controls received injections of saline and were maintained on the same two respective diet regimens (groups 1 and 3, respectively). Histologic results from sacrifices at 6, 10, 15, 22, 39, and 52 weeks revealed early development of foci of eosinophilic gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)-positive hepatocytes by week 6 in DENA-MD diet-treated rats, with subsequent development of a diffuse hyperplasia of hepatocytes, oval cell proliferation, cholangiofibrosis, nodular cirrhosis, and neoplastic nodule (NN) formation and, at 52 weeks, hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) in 13 of 15 rats. Similar but significantly fewer lesions were observed at slightly later sacrifice times in the livers of saline-MD diet-treated rats, with development of NN in 5 of 12 rats and an HCC in 1 of 12 rats at 52 weeks. DENA-treated rats on MA diets developed relatively few GGT-positive foci, and none developed any neoplastic lesions. Except for basophilic foci, areas and foci of cellular alteration containing glycogen-rich hepatocytes frequently exhibited diminished uptake of injected iron and decreased glucose-6-phosphatase and ATPase contents focally or throughout. This study indicates that a relatively brief exposure of both untreated and DENA-treated weanling rats to a severely MD diet produces classical preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in their livers.
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PMID:Profound postinitiation enhancement by short-term severe methionine, choline, vitamin B12, and folate deficiency of hepatocarcinogenesis in F344 rats given a single low-dose diethylnitrosamine injection. 659 43

Non-alcoholic steatosis hepatitis and fatty cirrhosis represents an unfamiliar liver disease of yet unknown etiology, which is usually indistinguishable from alcoholic lesions by histological criteria. For the affected patients this means automatically the inappropriate assumption of hidden alcohol abuse. Out of 1467 liver biopsies during 1979 to 1982 we selected 25 patients (group I), who either denied alcohol intake or reported negligible consumption. None of them had taken steatogenous drugs or had been treated by jejuno-ileal bypass operation for morbid obesity. Nevertheless, in all cases liver biopsy demonstrated changes that were thought to be characteristic of alcoholic liver disease. This group was compared with an additional series of 25 patients (group II, selected out of 342 alcoholics), who admitted to a mean daily alcohol ingestion of 145 +/- 37 g. According to body weight, sex ratio, estimated degree of hepatocellular fat deposition and relation of steatosis hepatitis (n = 15) to fatty cirrhosis (n = 12) there were no differences between both groups. In contrast to the alcoholics (group II) significantly lower (p less than 0.001) values of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (127 +/- 138 vs 669 +/- 588 U/l) and mean corpuscular erythrocyte volume (89 +/- 4,7 vs 102 +/- 7,8 fl) occurred among the abstinent patients (group I). However, the considerable overlap of measured values argued against a sufficiently discriminative function of both parameters. On the other hand, the serum SGOT/SGPT ratio (I: 1,0 +/- 0,4 vs II: 3,5 +/- 1,4) as well as the serum immunoglobulin-index IgG/IgA (I: 5,6 +/- 2,1 vs II: 2,7 +/- 0,7) allowed a more than 90% separation between the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Nonalcoholic fatty liver hepatitis and fatty cirrhosis mimicking alcoholic liver diseases]. 665 31

Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) seems to be less frequent and to play a lesser role in the death of cirrhotic patients than previously acknowledged. The purpose of this work was: 1) to study the cause of death of cirrhotic patients 2) to determine the prevalence of AH among these patients and 3) to describe the clinical and laboratory features of cirrhotic patients with AH. The data were collected from a series of 107 necropsies in cirrhotic patients without hepatocellular carcinoma. The statistical analyses were carried out with an IRIS 80 computer. Severe liver failure with jaundice and encephalopathy, hemorrhage and uncontrolled infection with septic shock represented 84 p. 100 of the causes of death in patients with cirrhosis. Seventy-nine out of 107 patients (74 p. 100) had no AH (group 1), and 28 (26 p. 100) had AH (group 2): AH was mild in 15 cases and severe in 13 cases. All patients with AH died from a complication directly related to their liver disease while 21.5 p. 100 of patients without AH died from a complication not related to cirrhosis. The clinical and laboratory features of the patients without AH and cirrhosis differed from those of patients without AH by: a more frequent presence of fever (p less than 0.01), the absence of important weight loss (p less than 0.001), the total absence of abstinence (p less than 0.05), a higher value of ASAT/ALAT ratio, of serum levels of total bilirubin (p less than 0.01) and conjugated bilirubin (p less than 0.05), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (p less than 0.001) and total cholesterol (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Acute alcoholic hepatitis and death of cirrhotic patients]. 666 31

In a group of 34 chronic alcohol addicts with neuropsychic manifestations--alcoholic encephalopathy (AE)--and 9 subjects with chronic non-alcoholic liver diseases, biochemical (ammonemia, pyruvicemia, lactacidemia), enzymatic (gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GPT)) and morphological assays were carried out comparatively with conventional liver investigations. Alcoholic liver disease was found present in 16 patients (47%). A peculiar biochemical profile was observed in subjects with hepato-alcoholic encephalopathy: ammonemia 191.3 +/- 70.3 gamma %, pyruvicemia 2.7 +/- 0.82 mg %, lactacidemia 15.76 mg % and gamma-GPT 80.5 U/l, as compared with ammonemia 121 +/- 33.5 gamma %, pyruvicemia 2.74 +/- 1.2 mg %, lactacidemia 16.65 mg % and gamma-GPT 42.6 U/l in AE without hepatic disease, and in non-alcoholic liver diseases in which ammonemia was 88.6 gamma % (in chronic hepatitis) and 126.3 gamma % (in hepatic cirrhosis). Thus, coexisting involvement of the liver and presence of portal-systemic shunts in AE can be estimated by the assay of certain biochemical and enzymatic parameters.
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PMID:The hepatic component in alcoholic encephalopathy. 712 7

Out of 126 alcoholic patients treated in a hepatogastroenrology unit, 55 were lost sight of after discharge, mainly because they lived far from the hospital, and 71 (56.3%) were followed up for a mean period of 10 months. Among the patients followed up, 11% showed clinical evidence, and 43.5% clinical and biochemical evidence (return to normal of mean corpuscular volume and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels) of having stopped taking alcohol. Forty-five p. cent resumed drinking habits. Is was found that those patients who were married, had a professional activity, social contacts and no serious mental disorders were more likely to be weaned. There were more patients with cirrhosis of the liver among those who discontinued alcohol than among those who kept drinking. The authors underline that these subjects are best treated by a team comprising clinicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers and members of associations of former alcoholics.
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PMID:[Follow-up of alcoholic patients in a hepatogastroenterology unit. Preliminary results (author's transl)]. 722 Mar 3

Reference intervals for prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APPT) of undiluted and serial dilutions of citrated platelet-poor plasma were determined for 30 healthy dogs. The PT and APTT were similarly determined for 32 dogs with naturally occurring hepatic disease. Hepatic disease was confirmed by histopathologic examination of hepatic biopsy materials and comprised degeneration (13 dogs), inflammation (11 dogs), cirrhosis (4 dogs), and neoplasia (4 dogs). Coagulation test values were compared with serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities and Bromsulphalein retention for sensitivity in detecting hepatic disease in the dog. Coagulation test results were at variance with reference values in 66% of the 32 dogs with hepatic disease; serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were increased in 59%, 72%, and 75%, respectively and Bromsulphalein retention was increased in 22% of the 32 dogs. Thus, the PT and APTT were sensitive indicators of hepatic disease. However, the PT and APTT lacked specificity for any given hepatic disease. The sensitivity of the coagulation tests for detecting hepatic disease was enhanced by using dilutions of citrated platelet-poor plasma. Only 15% of dogs with hepatic disease showed variances from reference values in the coagulation tests done with undiluted plasma, but 66% showed variances in the tests with dilutions of plasma. Coagulation tests were also done in 13 dogs with normal hepatic function amd morphology, but with various extrahepatic diseases: chronic renal disease (5 dogs), dirofilariasis (4 dogs), encephalitis (1 dog), cutaneous disease (2 dogs), and femoral fracture (1 dog). Twelve of the 13 dogs had coagulation test values within the reference intervals.
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PMID:Alterations of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in dogs with hepatic disease. 734 May 74

In a semiprospective study on the prognosis of liver cirrhosis we investigated whether common, selected cholestasis parameters in liver diagnostics are associated with the survival time and the probability of survival and whether they permit prognostic statements. In 93 patients with liver cirrhosis of different aetiology the serum-bilirubin, gamma-GT, AP and AAP were determined for this purpose and applied in the same way as a clinically proven icterus to the survival time of the patients. The mean time of observation was 13.8 years (+/- 1.9 years). In the simple correlation matrix none of the cholestasis parameters correlated with the survival time. There was no difference in the frequency with which deceased and surviving patients suffered from icterus and, with the exception of AAP, there was no different serum concentration of the cholestasis parameters according to univariate analysis. However, icterus in the early phase of the observation time and increased gamma-GT (over 3000 nmol/l.s) in the late phase of observation were associated with a reduced probability of survival. Correspondingly, the serum-bilirubin of deceased patients (only slightly) correlated in the simple linear regression with their survival time. In multivariate analysis gamma-GT proved to be non-redundant for the estimation of the patients' probability of survival.
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PMID:[The prognostic value of serochemical cholestasis parameters in liver cirrhosis]. 748 19

This article reports the clinical characteristics of 38 cases of patients with hepatitis B (HB) which developed into primary hepatocyte carcinoma (PHC), during a period of observation for 2-28 years (average 11.4 years). These patients were admitted repeatedly for 2 to 12 times (average 3.4 times). The clinical characteristics of the development of the symptoms in these patients were as follows: 1. Liver function fluctuated again and again. Ninety percent of these patients with HB developed liver cirrhosis (LC). Subsequently they developed into PHC. 2. HBV markers were positive over a long period of observation. During the phases of LC and PHC the rates of positive anti-HBe were 23.5% and 54.5%, respectively (P < 0.05). Comparing with anti-HBe, the rate of positive HBeAg was lower. 3. During the phase of HB, 21.0% of these patients had elevated alpha FP (mean titer 80.0 ng/ml). During the phase of PHC, 65.8% of the patients had abnormal alpha FP (mean titer 635.9 ng/ml) (P < 0.01). Sustained high level of gamma-GT and the ratio of gamma-GT/ALT higher than 1.5 were dangerous signals (P < 0.05). The level of ALP in these patients with HB was below 170 u/L. But 50% of them had high level of ALP when they developed into PHC. During the phase of LC these patients were detected regularly with ultrasonic waves.
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PMID:[The study on clinical characteristics of the development of primary hepatocyte carcinoma induced by hepatitis B]. 751 49

Alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) is a proteinase inhibitor. Cells synthesizing A2M are in first-order hepatocytes and in second-order activated Ito cells (in culture starting at day 4-5 after seeding). This study was undertaken in 525 alcoholic patients with different histological stages of alcoholic liver disease to assess if the A2M could improve the diagnostic value of PGA index for detection of cirrhosis or fibrosis among drinkers, particularly in patients without clinical symptoms of liver failure and portal hypertension, and to assess the specific correlation of serum A2M with the score of liver fibrosis adjusted for steatosis and alcoholic hepatitis and thereafter adjusted for GGT, PT, and ApoA1, the three components of the PGA index. In 525 alcoholic patients, we have demonstrated the independent diagnostic value of A2M. The predictive values of the weighted score, using linear discriminant function combining PT, GGT, ApoA1 and A2M of the PGAA score and of the PGA score were assessed in a training step and validated in a second step. Then, 316 alcoholic clinically asymptomatic patients were studied. In these patients, the discriminant function permitted correct classification of 72% of patients. The PGAA index had comparable diagnostic value with 70% of patients correctly classified. On the other hand, the PGA index including only PT, GGT, and ApoA1 had classified correctly less patients (65%) than the discriminant function and the PGAA index (P < 0.01). For a value of 7, PGAA had 79% specificity and 89% sensitivity for the diagnosis of cirrhosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Alpha-2-macroglobulin and hepatic fibrosis. Diagnostic interest. 752 68


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