Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The dynamics of the enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma GT) was followed up in 34 patients: 17 patients with liver cirrhosis, 9 patients with chronic hepatitis and 8 patients with liver steatosis. In the patients with alcoholic cirrhosis the activity of gamma GT rapidly fell in hospital conditions which is related to the forced abstinence. In the cirrhotic patients with nonalcoholic etiology no changes in gamma GT activity were found. In the patients with chronic hepatitis and liver steatosis with alcoholic etiology the gamma GT activity resembled that of alcoholic cirrhotic patients. The gamma GT activity fell most sharply in the patients with liver steatosis which is explained by the mild and reversible liver lesions characteristic for this disease. The mean erythrocyte volume determined by electronic blood cell counter shows a tendency toward macrocytosis in all chronic alcoholic patients. Macrocytosis is also found by ordinary microscopic examination of the blood cells.
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PMID:[Gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in the serum and the mean-cell erythrocyte volume of patients with chronic ethylism and chronic liver diseases (preliminary report)]. 290 51

Total GGT and GGT complexed with low-density-lipoprotein plus very low-density lipoprotein (LDL + VLDL) have been evaluated in sera from 53 healthy subjects, 23 patients with chronic hepatitis, 87 with liver cirrhosis and 50 with liver tumors (primary and metastatic). A cut-off of 20 U/l of GGT complexed with LDL + VLDL results in a diagnostic sensitivity of 84% for liver tumor patients, and a diagnostic specificity of about 80% towards the two groups of patients affected by cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis. This test, because of its high diagnostic efficiency, is a useful addition to the battery of laboratory tests that serve to discriminate cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis from liver malignancies.
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PMID:Diagnostic efficiency in discriminating liver malignancies from cirrhosis by serum gamma-glutamyltransferase isoforms. 290 21

Six-year survival of cirrhosis was assessed in a series of 1155 consecutive patients (751 men, 404 women). Among the men, 33% were alcoholics and 18% were HBsAg positive; corresponding figures for the women were 15% and 6% respectively. Features of decompensation at first presentation were observed in 63% of the patients. Six-year survival was 54% in compensated and 21% in decompensated patients. No significant differences in survival were found between alcoholics and nonalcoholics. Leading causes of death were liver failure (49%), hepatocellular carcinoma (22%), and bleeding (13%). The prognostic role of 21 variables was evaluated separately in compensated and decompensated patients by the Cox's regression model. The following variables were found to be significant predictors of death risk in compensated patients: male sex, HBsAg positivity, age, prothrombin time prolongation, and esophageal varices. In decompensated disease the significant indicators of death risk were: hepatocellular carcinoma, encephalopathy, hemorrhage, SGOT, esophageal varices, gamma globulins, prothrombin time prolongation, continued abuse of alcohol, HBsAg positivity, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and cholinesterase. A simple prognostic index based upon the relative risk coefficient of the significant variables is suggested.
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PMID:Survival and prognostic indicators in compensated and decompensated cirrhosis. 300 9

A retrospective study was designed to analyse the mode of presentation, clinical signs, haematological, biochemical and histological features in 46 Indian patients admitted with cirrhosis to R. K. Khan and King Edward VIII Hospitals, Durban, between 1977-1981. The commonest presenting feature was swelling of the body followed by pain in the right upper quadrant, most patients had hepatomegaly, jaundice and ascites, and splenomegaly was detected in one-third of cases. Biochemical investigations indicated that most patients had a high globulin and low albumin concentration. Liver function tests revealed raised bilirubin and gamma-glutamyltransferase values in most cases. On histological examination, micronodular cirrhosis predominated (95%) with a high incidence of fat and iron deposition. Changes consistent with alcoholic hepatitis were superimposed in one-third of cases while immunological and viral markers were absent. This study suggests that alcohol is the predominant cause of cirrhosis in Natal Indians.
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PMID:Patterns of cirrhosis in Natal Indians. 320 19

Patients with jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia over 34 mumol/l have been examined by different methods in order to assess the diagnostic value of the methods. 340 patients were examined clinically and by laparoscopy, 168 patients and 92 healthy persons were examined by 10 laboratory indices, 639 patients--by ultrasonography, 95 patients--by scintigraphy, 116 patients--by computer tomography, 83 patients--by endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCPG), 17 patients--by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), 70 patients--by directed liver biopsy. In the patients with cholestasis the 5'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphatase, glutamyl transpeptidase (lipoprotein X is positive in 92% of the patients) and cholesterol are increased most. The extrahepatic obstructions are diagnosed by ultrasonography in 94.8% of the patients (the biliary ducts are dilated), in 88.7% of the patients the localization of the obstruction and in 74.7% of the patients the cause of the obstruction are found. In parenchymal jaundice the sonography reveals the disease which has caused jaundice in 62.1% of the patients. The scintigraphy gives correct diagnosis in 50% of the patients with hepatitis and jaundice, in 78% of the patients with cirrhosis and jaundice and in 87.5% of the patients with liver cancer. The computer tomography reveals the obstructive jaundice in 94.7% of the patients and the focal processes in the liver in 96.7% of the patients. The ERCPG gives a clear picture of the biliary ducts in 72.28% and of the pancreatic duct in 83.13% of the patients with jaundice, simultaneously the biliary and the pancreatic ducts--in 45.78% of the patients and correct diagnosis in 83.1% of the patients examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Differential diagnosis of jaundice]. 343 27

In a group of 50 patients with liver cirrhosis compared with a group of 50 clinically healthy subjects serum magnesium levels were determined. The patients were divided according the aetiology of liver cirrhosis and to the presence or not of ascite and cholestasis. The serum magnesium levels were related to the main laboratory tests used in liver cirrhosis. The patients present a significant decrease of serum magnesium levels in comparison to controls. The patients with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver and with ascite have significant lower magnesium levels in comparison with the patients with post-hepatitis cirrhosis and with patients without ascite. There is a significant correlation between serum magnesium levels and serum levels of aldosterone, albumin, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and total pool of bile acids. Direct and indirect effects of alcohol, a secondary hyperaldosteronism, the use of diuretics, and hypoalbuminaemia could account for magnesium serum level decrease in liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Serum levels of magnesium in hepatic cirrhosis]. 344 90

Cirrhosis of the liver is characterized by glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinaemia. It is considered an insulin resistant state with both a receptor and a post-receptor defect of insulin activity. It would appear that reduced hepatic degradation rather than increased B-cell production is responsible for hyperinsulinaemia. The effect of surgical portosystemic shunt on insulin resistance was studied in 18 cirrhotics with impaired glucose tolerance (12 males, 6 females; mean age 46.9 +/- 0.7 years) by measuring: glucose production (3H-glucose infusion), glucose utilisation (euglycaemic clamp at approximately 100, approximately 1000 and approximately 10,000 microU/1), plasma insulin and C-peptide levels, and liver function indices (serum bilirubin, albumin, ALT, GGT) before and 2 months after surgery. Liver sorbitol clearance was also employed to measure variations in the functional liver plasma flow induced by the shunt. No significant changes were noted in: glucose production (1.94 +/- 0.17 SEM vs 1.96 +/- 0.17 mg/kg/min), glucose utilisation (metabolic clearance rate: 3.32 +/- 0.48 vs 3.42 +/- 0.43 at approximately microU/ml; 9.70 +/- 1.0 vs 9.16 +/- 0.9 at approximately 1000 microU/ml; 10.92 +/- 1.1 vs 11.07 +/- 0.8 ml/kg/min at approximately 10 000 microU/ml), fasting plasma insulin, C-peptide and C-peptide/insulin molar ratio (4.66 +/- 0.47 vs 5.50 +/- 0.54), and the liver function indices. By contrast, there was a significant decrease in functional liver plasma flow (813 +/- 34 vs 604 +/- 34 ml/min, P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Insulin resistance in human liver cirrhosis is not modified by porto-systemic surgical shunt. 352 84

Dimethadione (DMO)/trimethadione (TMO) ratios in serum after oral administration of TMO were investigated in 15 normal subjects and in 20 patients with cirrhosis and esophageal varices. Severe impairment of liver function was associated with a decrease in total cholesterol, total protein and plasma albumin, or an increase in total bilirubin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and indocyanine green retention rate (ICG R15). Serum concentration ratios of DMO to TMO at 2 or 4 h after oral administration of TMO in patients were significantly decreased by 67 or 66%, respectively, compared to normal subjects. DMO/TMO ratios at 2 or 4 h following oral administration of TMO were well correlated with the liver function parameters (plasma albumin r = 0.758 at 2 h, r = 0.776 at 4 h; total protein r = 0.613 at 2 h, r = 0.619 at 4 h; ICG R15 r = -0.683 at 2 h, r = -0.746 at 4 h, in patients only; cholinesterase r = 0.873 at 2 h, r = 0.908 at 4 h) as well as with pharmacokinetic parameters (total body clearance r = 0.794 at 2 h, r = 0.786 at 4 h) in both the normal subjects and the patients. It suggests that the DMO/TMO ratio obtained in a single blood sample collected after oral administration of TMO might provide a useful measure for function hepatic reserve.
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PMID:Trimethadione tolerance test for evaluation of functional reserve of the liver in patients with liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices. 372 21

Blood lead concentration (Pb-B), aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), and gamma-GT were measured in 265 workers industrially exposed to lead and in 184 patients with liver disease resulting from alcohol consumption. The first group was divided according to alcohol use, i.e., nondrinkers, moderate drinkers, and heavy drinkers. The second group was divided according to the following criteria: hepatopatic without cirrhosis, hepatopatic with compensated cirrhosis, and hepatopatic with decompensated cirrhosis. Heavy drinkers who were industrially exposed had the highest Pb-B (40.4 +/- 14.6 micrograms/dl) and the lowest ALAD (22.2 +/- 9.1 U/L). The correlations between Pb-B and ALAD show no significant change with the increase of Pb-B. In the alcoholic group, 76 patients with alcoholic liver disease without cirrhosis had the highest Pb-B (40.3-9.1 micrograms/dl) and ALAD the lowest (18.6 +/- 7.7 U/L). The negative correlation between Pb-B and log ALAD disappeared completely in individuals with Pb-B that exceeded 50 micrograms/dl, independent from the seriousness of illness.
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PMID:Relationships between blood lead concentration and aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in alcoholics and workers industrially exposed to lead. 376 34

Changes in the amount of hippurate synthesized and excreted in the urine after 1.5 gm benzoate loading (intravenous hippuric acid test [HAT]) in patients with liver disease before surgery were studied in relation to arterial blood ketone body ratio (acetoacetate/beta-hydroxybutyrate) (BKBR), reflecting energy status of the liver. In these patients, the HAT values for 120 minutes were decreased significantly (1.088 +/- 0.129 gm, n = 9; 1.071 +/- 0.258 gm, n = 7; 1.258 +/- 0.126 gm, n = 10; in cirrhosis with liver tumor, cirrhosis with esophageal varix, and obstructive jaundice, respectively) as compared with the value in patients without liver disease (1.829 +/- 0.093 gm, n = 16, P less than 0.01). The correlation coefficient of the BKBR and the HAT value was 0.766, which was higher than that of the BKBR and albumin or the BKBR and choline esterase (r = 0.532 and r = 0.646, respectively). Serum levels of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase, total and direct bilirubin, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were not correlated with the HAT values. Because hippurate is synthesized in liver mitochondria by the continuous supply of adenosine triphosphate through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, HAT is considered to be a test that evaluates the energetic capacity of the liver to manage a metabolic load imposed on it.
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PMID:Clinical significance of hippurate-synthesizing capacity in surgical patients with liver disease: a metabolic tolerance test. 377 26


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