Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined serologically and immunohistochemically the new carbohydrate antigen CA-50 to clarify the mechanism of its high serum value and clinical significance in several liver diseases. The subjects included 145 patients with benign liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The serum CA-50 value was high in chronic active hepatitis with lobular disorganization, liver cirrhosis and HCC. It was not correlated with serum levels of GPT nor gamma-GTP. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that proliferated bile ductules showed mainly positive staining in all subjects, whereas hepatoma cells were negative. The proliferated bile ductules with positive staining for CA-50 were quantified by an original method. The number of the proliferated bile ductules with positive staining for CA-50 was significantly correlated with the serum CA-50 value (r = 0.62, P less than 0.05). In the FPLC analysis, there was no significant difference between the expression pattern and molecular weight of CA-50 in liver diseases and pancreatic cancer. Also no difference in the carbohydrate structure that coexisted with CA-50 was detected in the ConA or LCA affinity column study. It was suggested that the increase of carbohydrate antigen CA-50 in several liver diseases might reflect the proliferation of bile ductules, and that the structure of CA-50 in benign liver diseases does not differ from that of CA-50 from patients with pancreatic cancer.
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PMID:[Serological and immunohistochemical evaluation of new carbohydrate antigen CA-50 in several liver diseases]. 196 7

In an attempt to assess the diagnostic values of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) variations as markers of liver disease and of abstinence in alcoholic patients, we compared 174 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, 175 with noncirrhotic alcoholic liver disease and 67 patients with nonalcoholic cirrhosis. GGT and MCV values were checked three times, the day of admission, 7 days later, and on the last sample available during follow-up (1 to 12 months), and were compared according to the liver disease and abstinence. A decrease of GGT activity during the 1st week of hospitalization was noted in alcoholics with (-9 IU/liter) or without (-13 IU/liter) cirrhosis and not in nonalcoholic cirrhosis (+8 IU/liter), without MCV variations. During follow-up, median GGT activity was strikingly different in abstinent patients with (27 IU/liter) or without (21 IU/liter) cirrhosis and in nonabstinent patients (99 IU/liter and 123 IU/liter, respectively) (p less than 0.001). MCV decrease was noted in alcoholics whatever their abstinence or not, contrasting with the absence of decrease in nonalcoholic patients. For the diagnosis of alcoholism in cirrhotic patients, the positive predictive value (PPV) of a GGT or a MCV decrease during the 1st week of hospitalization was 0.82 and 0.78, respectively, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 0.33 and 0.70, respectively. For abstinence during follow-up, the PPV of a GGT activity less than 50 IU/liter was 0.92 and the NPV was 0.65.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Diagnostic value of serum gamma-glutamyl-transferase activity and mean corpuscular volume in alcoholic patients with or without cirrhosis. 197 4

The plasma level of carnitine, a co-factor involved in many metabolic reactions, is high in alcoholic liver cirrhosis, due to an increased amount of esterified carnitine. To determine if this alteration is linked to alcoholic liver disease or to liver cirrhosis per se. total carnitine, free carnitine, total esterified carnitine, short chain acylcarnitine and long chain acylcarnitine were measured in 41 patients suffering from liver cirrhosis of different aetiology and severity. In 19 of these patients, acetylcarnitine was also measured. Moreover, multivariate analysis was performed to assess the association of carnitine plasma levels with nutritional and liver disease indices. Of the nutritional indices (creatinine/height ratio, mid upper arm muscle circumference and triceps skinfold) only triceps skinfold appeared to be weakly correlated with carnitine (with long chain acylcarnitine). Significantly high levels of acetylcarnitine, short chain acylcarnitine, total esterified carnitine and total carnitine were found in cirrhotics independently of the aetiology of cirrhosis, even though a trend towards higher levels of acetylcarnitine was evident in heavy drinkers. Direct correlations of gamma-glutamyltransferase with acetylcarnitine, acetylcarnitine/free carnitine, short chain acylcarnitine/free carnitine and total esterified carnitine/free carnitine were found. Carnitine plasma levels did not differ in the three Pugh-Child's classes; however, a trend towards higher levels of acetylcarnitine was found in Pugh-Child's class C. In conclusion, the high levels of acetylcarnitine, short chain acylcarnitine, total esterified carnitine and total carnitine found in cirrhosis were linked to liver disease. Alcohol abuse seemed only to be an exacerbating factor.
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PMID:Plasma carnitine levels in liver cirrhosis: relationship with nutritional status and liver damage. 198 Dec 22

In the U.S. oral cancer accounts for 2.1% of all cancers and 1% of cancer deaths. Two to three times as many males as females are affected. Blacks have more intra-oral cancer than whites, and their incidence and mortality rates have increased in recent years. The etiologic process very likely involves several factors. The major etiologic agents are tobacco (all types) and alcoholic beverages. Herpes simplex virus, human papilloma virus, and Candida have been implicated. Host factors include poor state of dentition, nutritional aberrations, cirrhosis of liver, lichen planus, and immunologic impairmant. Cellular changes include amplification of some oncogenes, alterations in antigen expression, production of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and disturbance of keratin and involucrin production. Experimentally, cancer is readily produced on the hamster cheek pouch and rat oral mucosa. Unlike oral cancer in humans, most experimental lesions are exophytic, and they rarely metastasize.
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PMID:Oral cancer. 212 24

This study evaluates the correlation between long-term weight history and health risks. One thousand three hundred and sixteen male subjects of normal weight (-5%(-)+5% by Broca's obesity index) at age twenty, were studied. The average age of the subjects was 43.7 +/- 6.5 (M. +/- S.D.) years old. According to their long-term weight history, the subjects were classified into four groups: weight lost (N = 35), weight stable (N = 502), mild weight gain (N = 187), severe weight gain (N = 592). Odds ratios for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, uric acid, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglyceride, shortness of breath, hyperperspiration, angina pectoris, and hypertension were significantly higher in the severe weight gain group than in the stable weight group. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed by choosing weight history, obesity index, age, and smoking and drinking habits as the independent variables. Weight history was shown to be a significant variable in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglyceride, shortness of breath, chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Odds ratios for factors suspected of promoting atherosclerosis were significantly higher in the severe weight gain group. Results of this study indicate that a weight gain of over 7 kilograms appears to be the critical level that is associated with health risks.
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PMID:[Health risk assessment of long-term weight history]. 213 52

In previous studies we have shown that male rats carrying genes controlling growth and reproduction (grc) linked to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to be more susceptible to N-2-acetylaminofluorene than rats without grc genes. In the present studies we show that by manipulation of the diet of grc rats, hepatocarcinogenesis induced by another carcinogen can be altered. Male rats with the grc gene (R16) and wild type (ACP) were initiated with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (200 mg/kg body weight). Some were fed laboratory chow (LC) for 9 months; others were fed a choline-supplemented (CS) or a choline-deficient (CD) diet. The rats were killed at various time periods and the liver sections were stained with H&E and for gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT). After 9 months on LC, the livers of R16 showed greater size and number of GGT-positive foci, bile duct proliferation, cellular atypia, cirrhosis, and nodular hyperplasia than the ACP. While the first hepatocellular carcinoma in R16 fed either a CS or LC was seen at 9-10 months, one R16 rat fed a CD diet had liver cancer at 4 months. On a CS diet the R16 showed greater GGT-positive foci at 2 months than the ACP. On a CD diet the R16 showed even greater size and number of GGT-positive foci. At 12 months, 15 of 22 (68%) of the R16 rats on a CD diet had liver cancer and seven of 24 (29%) of the R16 on a CS diet. Of the ACP, none of 15 (0%) on CS and one of 18 (6%) on CD diet had liver tumors. The results show that the grc genes confer high susceptibility to liver cancer, which is enhanced by a CD diet, suggesting synergism between genetics and diet.
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PMID:Genetics and diet: synergism in hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. 215 63

We studied the creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme pattern in sera from 332 patients affected by hepatic cirrhosis and several neoplastic diseases (102 cirrhosis, 36 hepatocarcinoma, 16 metastatic liver tumor, 40 breast cancer, 18 other neoplastic diseases and 120 cases of leukemia or lymphoma) to evaluate both its diagnostic utility for cancer diagnosis and its power as a prognostic index. Type-2 macro CK (mitochondrial creatine kinase) was detected, with no statistical difference in cirrhosis (14%), hepatocarcinoma (16%), metastatic liver tumor (31%), breast cancer (5%) and other tumors (6%). It was not detected in any patient with leukemia or lymphoma. The presence of type-2 macro CK was unrelated to the stage of either cirrhosis or hepatocarcinoma, according to Child and Okuda, respectively, nor was it correlated to serum cytolytic enzyme levels or to gamma-globulin levels. In cirrhotics, type-2 macro CK was not linked to serum levels of the following tumor markers: alpha-fetoprotein, pseudouridine and gamma-glutamyltransferase isoenzymes complexed to low-density lipoprotein. In addition, the atypical band persisted in several patients with cirrhosis monitored for six months who did not show any evidence of evolution toward hepatocarcinoma. Thus, type-2 macro CK has poor diagnostic sensitivity for neoplastic diseases, and lacks prognostic value both in cirrhosis and neoplastic diseases.
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PMID:Serum type-2 macro-creatine kinase isoenzyme is not a useful marker of severe liver diseases or neoplasia. 228 11

Clinical usefulness of mean transit time (MTT) through the liver was evaluated by deconvolution analysis using 99mTc-EHIDA hepatobiliary scintigraphy in 82 patients with various hepatobiliary diseases and 18 normal controls. Initial transfer factor was also obtained according to the method of Rutland. Results obtained were as follows. 1) Effect of the age on MTT was not observed in normal controls. 2) MTT in left lobe of normal controls was significantly prolonged compared with that of right lobe (P less than 0.01). This kind of difference was not observed in patients with liver cirrhosis. 3) MTT in patients with obstructive jaundice, chronic liver diseases, liver cirrhosis at decompensative state and primary biliary cirrhosis was significantly prolonged compared with that in normal controls (P less than 0.01). 4) MTT in patients with liver cirrhosis at compensative state showed normal values, although blood clearance rate in those patients was significantly decreased (P less than 0.05). 5) Positive correlation was observed between MTT and values of T-Bil, ALP, LAP, and gamma-GTP. Negative correlation was observed between MTT and value of cholinesterase. 6) Initial transfer factor correlated with blood clearance rate. (r = 0.76, P less than 0.01). 7) Initial transfer factor in left lobe of normal controls was significantly decreased compared with that of right lobe (P less than 0.01). This kind of difference was not observed in patients with liver cirrhosis. 8) Initial transfer factor in patients with liver cirrhosis in both compensative and decompensative states and PBC was significantly decreased compared with that in normal controls. Estimation of MTT and initial transfer factor could be a useful parameters to assess transfer function of the liver.
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PMID:[Hepatic mean transit time of 99mTc-EHIDA estimated by deconvolution analysis]. 232 33

The potential carcinogenic activity of acetaminophen (paracetamol, APAP) was studied in male F344 rats with pre-existing liver damage induced by a choline-devoid (CD) diet. In a short-term experiment, APAP was administered by intragastric intubation as single doses of 0.5-1.5 g/kg body wt after 4 weeks feeding of CD diet had produced fatty livers in rats. Two-thirds partial hepatectomy was performed 4 h subsequent to the initiating treatment step. After a 2 week recovery period, all rats were subjected to the selection procedure of Cayama et al. and killed at week 9 of the experiment. Quantitative analysis of placental form glutathione S-transferase (GST-P)-positive liver lesion development did not reveal any enhancement by APAP, whereas administration of a non-necrogenic dose of diethylnitrosamine (20 mg/kg body wt) in the same protocol demonstrated significant promotion, confirming the utility of the model for detection of weak carcinogenicity of chemicals. In the second long-term experiment, APAP was fed at doses of 0.45 and 0.9% for 25 weeks following 27 weeks administration of CD diet which produced liver cirrhosis in the rats. Despite a slight enhancement of focal liver lesions positive for gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), no significant promotion of GST-P-positive altered foci or nodules was observed. In contrast, continuous feeding of CD diet or 0.5% phenobarbital treatment after generation of cirrhosis with CD diet clearly enhanced the induction of both GST-P and GGT-positive liver lesions. Thus, these results indicate that APAP does not possess significant carcinogenic activity in damaged rat liver.
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PMID:Lack of hepatocarcinogenic potential of acetaminophen in rats with liver damage associated with a choline-devoid diet. 234 65

Over the period of the past 9 years (1980-1988), 320 patients (mean age 60.9 +/- 13.2 years) suffering from various liver diseases have been examined. There were three main groups of patients: (1)--24 patients with primary liver cancer (PLC), 19 of them with hepato- and 5 with cholangiocellular carcinoma, (2)--153 patients with metastatic liver tumors (MLT), and (3)--143 patients with inflammatory liver diseases (ILD). The results of examination of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GMT) in these patients have been analyzed with the aim to evaluate their contribution to the differential diagnostics of tumorous and inflammatory liver processes. For the diagnostics of malignant hepatoma AFP appeared to the most specific test. The significance of other tests for diagnostics of malignant hepatic diseases is obviously limited. These tests are recommended to be considered (in the case of their increase) in close connection with the clinical image and additional examinations. The importance of correlation between cirrhosis and malignant hepatoma is also to be noticed. In spite of all this, we believe that in the case of positivity of the above tests the patients have to be carefully examined and followed up, and that the clinical course and the dynamic of the mentioned tests has to be thoroughly observed. Because of the specificity of values of the AFP-test with malignant hepatoma, we find it useful to perform this test in all patients with chronic liver diseases.
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PMID:Alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen and various biochemical tests in patients with tumorous and inflammatory liver diseases. 246 43


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