Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activity of prolyl hydroxylase was measured in liver tissue obtained from a small series of patients with a variety of liver disease. Enzyme levels were marginally elevated in patients with fatty liver and viral hepatitis, conditions not normally associated with progressive fibrosis. In some patients with alcoholic hepatitis and in all patients with cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis, there was a marked increase in enzyme activity. Patients with conditions characterised by high liver prolyl hydroxylase levels showed histological evidence of extensive hepatic fibrosis and also significant increases in the serum values of glutamate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase. Prolyl hydroxylase activity was not detected in serum.
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PMID:Hepatic prolyl hydroxylase activity in human liver disease. 625 37

Serum glycocholic acid (SGC) was measured by radioimmunoassay in 277 samples from 122 children with hepatobiliary disorders and from 23 healthy age-matched controls. In patients with hepatobiliary disease the SGC was more frequently abnormal (83%) than values for serum albumin (7%), prothrombin time (17%), bilirubin (22%), alkaline phosphatase (45%), aspartate transaminase (57%) and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (63%). The cumulative frequency of abnormality of these six tests was equal to that of SGC alone. Serum glycocholic acid concentrations were raised in 13 patients in whom all other tests of liver function were normal. Two of these had clinical and histological evidence of liver disease, while four had biopsy-proven hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis, and two of three with chronic active hepatitis in remission subsequently relapsed. Four patients have as yet, no other clinical or biochemical evidence of continuing liver disease. Serum glycocholic acid was normal in seven children with abnormal aspartate transaminase or gammaglutamyl transpeptidase in whom there is strong suspicion of significant hepatic disease. A wide range of values of SGC was found with marked overlap between the values found in the different disease entities studied. The SGC value was related to the serum concentration of aspartate transaminase and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase but not to other tests of liver function. Serum glycocholic acid concentration was considered in relation to the severity of histological abnormality in 25 percutaneous liver biopsies. The extent of the rise in SGC was related to the presence or degree of histological severity of oedema in the portal tracts, disruption of the limiting plate, parenchymal fibrosis and hepatocellular necrosis but not to other histological features. The very high incidence of abnormal SGC values found in this study does suggest that in an ordinary inpatient and outpatient service SGC determination is a practical and sensitive indicator of the presence of significant liver disease but for its comprehensive identification aspartate transaminase and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase must also be determined.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay of serum glycocholic acid, standard laboratory tests of liver function and liver biopsy findings: comparative study of children with liver disease. 711 20

The clinical, laboratorial and histological aspects of 50 cases of alcoholic hepatitis were analysed, as well as the follow-up of 24 patients. The mean age of the 50 patients was 42,9 years (range: 25 to 65 years); 44 were males. The beginning of the symptomatology was insidious in great number of cases. The hepatomegaly was most habitual clinical signal (92% of cases). The jaundice was observed in 58% of the cases. Twenty six per cent of the patients had not manifestation of advanced hepatopaty at the moment of diagnosis. The most constant laboratorial alteration (except the increase of gama-glutamil-transpeptidase, dosed in rare cases) was the increase of SGOT (94%). Histological examination showed necrosis and inflammatory exudate in all cases; steatosis in 98%; Mallory bodies in 78%; fibrosis in 84%; cirrhosis in 44%. In the group of patients that came to the obit at the first internation, jaundice, digestive bleeding, encephalopathy, infection, leucocitosis and decreased prothrombin activity. The follow-up of 24 cases (3 months to 5 years) showed aggravation of illness and frequent evolution to cirrhosis in patient that maintained the alcohol ingestion.
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PMID:[Alcoholic hepatitis: clinical, laboratorial and histological study of 50 cases]. 718 21

Three main patterns of response are seen when interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: 1 sustained response with alanine-aminotransferase (ALT) normalization that is maintained after cessation of therapy, with or without clearance of serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA; 2 transient response with ALT normalization during therapy followed by relapse after its withdrawal, and 3 no response with no or only partial reduction in ALT levels. In order to define variables that could predict each of these three types of response we studied 321 cases of chronic hepatitis C treated with IFN-alpha in two consecutive trials conducted in our Unit. By univariate analysis, age < 45 years (P < 0.01), known disease duration < 60 months (P < 0.01), normal gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (gamma GT) levels (P < 0.01) and infection by HCV genotype 2 or HCV genotype 3 (P < 0.01) were found to be statistically associated with sustained response while age > 45 years (P < 0.01), body weight (P = 0.05), cirrhosis (P < 0.01) and elevated gamma GT levels (P < 0.01) were associated with no response. By multivariate analysis sustained response was predicted by HCV genotype 2 (P < 0.01) and HCV genotype 3 (P < 0.01), known disease duration (P < 0.01), patient's age (P < 0.05) and associated with the use of a more aggressive treatment schedule (P < 0.05). Transient response with relapse was predicted by known duration of disease (P < 0.05), HCV genotype 1 (P < 0.05) and female sex (P < 0.05). No response was statistically associated with elevated gamma GT levels (P < 0.01), higher body weight (P < 0.05) and with the less aggressive regimen of 3 MU of natural IFN-alpha given three times weekly for 6 months (P < 0.05). These results indicate that the HCV genotype as well as the schedule of treatment greatly affect the pattern of response to IFN in chronic hepatitis C and allow us to define criteria to predict which type of response is more likely in individual patients.
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PMID:Predictors of sustained response, relapse and no response in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon-alpha. 749 3

Fosinopril is distinguished from other ACE inhibitors by a pharmacokinetic pecularity in the sense that is can be metabolized either by liver or kidney. This was the rationale of the present research the aim of which was to verify if administered to patients with liver cirrhosis the drug was liable to alter global liver function and ability to metabolize drugs. Eight cirrhotic males, mean age 56 years, also suffering from high blood pressure, were studied. In these patients, liver and kidney function tests (BUN, creatinine blood level, serum and urinary electrolytes, creatinine clearance, calcium and phosphor blood level, transaminases, alkaline phosphatase prothrombin time, cholinesterase, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase) were carried out at baseline and after 30 days' fosinopril treatment (1 capsule every morning in the fasting state); in addition total functioning liver mass was assessed by the galactose test, and drug-metabolizing capacity by the antipyrine test. Treatment resulted in a significant improvement of pressure values in all patients (p < 0.01) and did not alter liver and kidney function parameters. Besides, no side effects were registered, especially no case of orthostatic hypotension. The antipyrine test was not influenced by fosinopril treatment. Therefore, short-term treatment with this ACE-inhibitor can be concluded to be effective and not to cause additional alterations of liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the total hepatic function after treatment with fosinopril in hypertensive patients with liver cirrhosis]. 772 Mar 55

A prospective non-A, non-B follow-up program, implemented in a hepatitis B surface antigen-free dialysis unit, enabled us to report on the natural history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in hemodialyzed patients between 1980 and 1992. For this program, every patient was prospectively monitored every two weeks for alanine amino transferase (ALT) activity, and every month for gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity and systematic collection of frozen sera. Sequences of stored sera from 217 patients were repeatedly tested for anti-HCV antibodies using second generation assays. Eighty-six of the 217 patients (39.6%), including 61 of the 67 patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis (91%), had HCV infection repeatedly evidenced by positive ELISA in all, and confirmed by RIBA in 84 of 86 (97.5%). In addition, 19 out of 23 patients (82.6%) were positive for HCV RNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of the 86 anti-HCV positive patients, 41 had previously acquired HCV infection, and 45 seroconverted during chronic dialysis. Of these, all but one patient developed hepatitis with raised ALT activity which lasted for at least six months in all. Only 29 of 45 patients (64.5%) had a history of blood transfusion. Seventy-eight of the 86 patients (91%) who were followed up for one to 11.5 years (median 5) retained anti-HCV for several years. Nineteen liver biopsies performed in 16 patients showed chronic active hepatitis in 8 (50%) and hepatocellular carcinoma without cirrhosis in one patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A twelve year natural history of hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialyzed patients. 796 64

The clinical, biochemical and histological characteristics in six Arab children with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) (Byler's disease) are described. The autosomal recessive mode of inheritance is established. Jaundice and pruritus were early symptoms, with onset in the 1st 3 months in all patients. Other features included growth failure, developmental delay, ataxia, areflexia, gall-stones and epistaxis. Gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase and cholesterol were normal, but total bile acid levels were uniformly elevated in all patients. Histology showed features of hepato-canalicular cholestasis, lack of bile duct proliferation and fibrosis or cirrhosis in all patients. Five patients who were followed up were alive at a mean age of 75.8 months.
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PMID:Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (Byler's disease) in Arab children. 868 10

We studied 104 patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma on the basis of pathological findings, in order to establish differences between patients with and without liver cirrhosis in addition to carcinoma. Among the former we also tried to identify differences between patients with previously diagnosed cirrhosis and those in whom cirrhosis was diagnosed at the same time as carcinoma. No significant differences were observed between patients in whom cirrhosis was diagnosed before or at the same time as carcinoma in relation to age, sex, etiologic factors or Child-Pugh grade. Differences were found with regard to motives for suspecting a tumor, frequency of splenomegaly, and platelet and leukocyte counts. No significant differences were found between patients with and without cirrhosis except in some laboratory findings (leukocytes, platelets, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase higher in the latter group, and alpha-fetoprotein higher in the former). There were no significant differences between cases of hepatocellular carcinoma that appeared as the first manifestation of liver cirrhosis and those that were diagnosed in patients with known cirrhosis. The clinical and biological differences between patients with and without cirrhosis can be explained by the associated chronic hepatic disease.
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PMID:Clinical and morphological study of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with liver cirrhosis. 929 19

We present here three paediatric patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. In case 1, the serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was decreased only temporarily by ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment and 34 months later, sulphasalazine was added because of microscopic colitis. The enzyme level decreased with dual therapy. Similarly, in case 3, first diagnosed as autoimmune hepatitis, the transpeptidase levels remained elevated for 18 months during treatment with UDCA, prednisolone and mizoribin. The enzyme decreased only after a diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis complicated with ulcerative colitis was established and sulphasalazine was introduced. Case 2 also had Crohn's colitis and was put on UDCA and sulphasalazine from the start. The enzyme level was normalized within 1 month and has remained normal for the following 5 years. Liver biopsies were analysed repeatedly in these three patients. In case 1, periductal fibrosis remained unchanged while being treated by UDCA. There appeared to be no progression in liver cirrhosis in case 3 while being treated by UDCA, prednisolone, and mizoribin. In case 2, who has been treated with both UDCA and sulphasalazine from the start, periductal fibrosis and portal fibrosis were remarkably improved 45 months later. We suggest that sulphasalazine in addition to UDCA might be a viable treatment for children with primary sclerosing cholangitis.
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PMID:Three paediatric cases of primary sclerosing cholangitis treated with ursodeoxycholic acid and sulphasalazine. 973 77

Pruritus is a common symptom in cholestatic liver disease but is rare in chronic hepatitis C. Eight patients with chronic hepatitis C and severe pruritus were compared with regard to biochemical, serological, and histological features to eight disease controls with primary biliary cirrhosis and seven with cirrhosis due to hepatitis C. Among those with severe pruritus associated with chronic hepatitis C, serum aminotransferases were raised in all, alkaline phosphatase in four, and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase levels in all except one. Serum cholylglycine levels were elevated in seven of eight patients. Liver biopsies showed moderate to severe fibrosis in all patients and cirrhosis in five. Compared to control subjects with cirrhosis due to hepatitis C but no pruritus, ductopenia, and cholestatic changes were prominent, although less so than in controls with primary biliary cirrhosis. Chronic hepatitis C with moderate to severe fibrosis may result in low-grade cholestasis with pruritus, possibly in association with bile duct disappearance.
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PMID:Pruritus as a presenting symptom of chronic hepatitis C. 979 Apr 51


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