Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

HBV infection is hyperendemic in Thailand. Approximately 5 million Thais are chronic HBV carriers. The prevalence of HBV markers in general population varies from 40-60%. Approximately 10-20% of children between the ages 1-5 years have serologic evidence of HBV infection and this prevalence increases with age reaching a plateau of 40-60% by age 20. High risk groups are household contacts of HBsAg carriers and babies born to HBsAg positive mothers. Approximately 75% of the babies born to HBsAg & HBeAg positive mothers become HBsAg positive at 3 months after birth. A few studies showed that the HBV prevalence of hospital personnel and other high risk groups is similar to that of the general population. The prevalence of chronic HBsAg carrier varies from 5-10% and is highest among age groups 10-30 years. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) is the first and third most common cancer among Thai males and females, respectively. Approximately 35%-75% of PHC in adults are HBsAg positive. Histological studies showed that 47.3% of cryptogenic cirrhosis, 58%-66% of PHC and 35%-85% of cryptogenic cirrhosis with PHC were HBsAg positive. Studies on Hepatitis B immune globulin and Hepatitis B vaccine revealed a 70% and 56%, respectively, reduction in the HBsAg prevalence of infants born to HBsAg and HBeAg positive mothers. More epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory studies on HBV infection are being carried out by groups of scientists and investigators in the Ministry of Public Health and many medical schools. A national committee has been appointed to plan strategy for controlling HBV.
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PMID:Hepatitis B problem in Thailand. 302 26

Passive immunization with hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) is important to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence after orthotopic liver transplantation for chronic HBV cirrhosis. Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) dosing regimens have been poorly defined, utilize numerous routes of administration, and result in a high rate of HBV relapse and mortality. Twenty-five of 27 (93%) patients transplanted (four retransplants) for chronic HBV cirrhosis show no evidence of recurrent HBV (range, 2-55 months). Anti-HBs titers necessary to minimize the risk of hepatitis B surface antigen detectability were >500 IU/L for days 0 to 7, >250 IU/L for days 8 to 90, and >100 IU/L thereafter. Pretransplant HBV E antigen (HBeAG)-positive patients required more HBIG to achieve these goals than HBeAG-negative individuals. The elimination of anti-HBs changed continually for the initial 3 posttransplant months. The anti-HBs half-life increased from 0.7 days to 14.1 days. Anti-HBs elimination was significantly different in HBeAG+ and HBeAG- patients for the first week, but was subsequently indistinguishable after week 1. After 3 months, the half-life was statistically less for HBeAG+ patients, but the difference did not influence the clinical treatment regimens. Quantitative hepatitis B DNA levels did not predict the amount of HBIG required. HBV recurrence after orthotopic liver transplantation can be reduced by aggressive passive immunization. Pharmacokinetic analysis of anti-Hbs elimination can improve immunoglobulin therapy and prevent recurrence of clinical hepatitis.
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PMID:Improved outcome of orthotopic liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis B cirrhosis with aggressive passive immunization. 862 97