Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastric emptying, mouth-to-cecum transit, and whole-gut transit of a solid-liquid meal were measured in 46 chronic alcoholics and in 30 control subjects by using scintigraphic techniques, hydrogen breath test, and stool markers. In the alcoholics various parameters such as ethanol consumption, gastrointestinal symptoms, and alcoholic neuropathy were determined and related to gastrointestinal transit times. Although there was no significant overall difference of gastric emptying, abnormally delayed gastric emptying was detected in 23.9% of the alcoholics but no control subject (P less than 0.005). Mouth-to-cecum transit was significantly prolonged in the alcoholics (P less than 0.001) with 14 alcoholics (37.8%) disclosing delayed mouth-to-cecum transit. No significant differences between both groups were detected concerning whole gut transit. In the alcoholics there was a significant correlation of dyspeptic symptoms with delayed gastric emptying (P less than 0.006), and alcoholics with diarrhea had an accelerated mouth-to-cecum transit as compared to those without diarrhea (P less than 0.05). Neither the presence of autonomic or peripheral neuropathy nor the presence of liver cirrhosis or ascites was significantly related to gastrointestinal transit times. However, the daily ethanol ingestion significantly correlated with gastric emptying (P less than 0.005). It is concluded, therefore, that in chronic alcoholics the small intestine and the stomach are most likely to be affected by gastrointestinal transit disorders and that these transit abnormalities are potentially related to toxic damage of gastrointestinal smooth muscle.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal transit of solid-liquid meal in chronic alcoholics. 207 Jul 5

The clinical manifestations of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are highly nonspecific since they usually mimic those of hepatic cirrhosis, which frequently underlies this neoplasm. The fact that some HCC patients present with severe diarrhea, an unusual symptom in liver cirrhosis, prompted us to determine the prevalence of diarrhea in a series of 23 consecutive HCC patients and compare it with that of a control group formed by cirrhotic patients without HCC, matched by age, sex, and etiology of the liver disease. All the patients were interviewed about the existence of diarrhea (defined as the presence of three or more loose stools per day appearing over three or more days) in the three months prior to admission. Both groups of patients were similar in regards to the degree of liver failure and presence of diarrhea-favoring factors. By contrast, diarrhea was significantly more frequent among HCC cases than among cirrhotics without HCC (47.8% vs 8.7%, P less than 0.005). HCC patients with diarrhea exhibited higher alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels and worse liver function, assessed by the Child-Pugh's classification, than patients without diarrhea. However, neither tumor size, vascular invasion, or the degree of tumor differentiation were significantly different between these two groups of HCC patients. These results show that diarrhea is a frequent manifestation of HCC in patients with cirrhosis. Therefore, the development of HCC in these patients should be suspected upon the appearance of diarrhea.
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PMID:Diarrhea as a presenting symptom of hepatocellular carcinoma. 216 Aug 81

Copper occurs in small amounts in certain food items, but toxic exposures in Northern Europe have occurred only in connection with contaminated drinking water. Chronic exposure of small children can result in development of Indian Childhood Cirrhosis. This disease has recently been documented in Germany as a result of drinking water contaminated from corrosion of water pipes made of copper. Continued diarrhoea in small children can also be due to high copper exposure. Copper is not routinely determined in drinking water in Denmark. Further, no central registration is available concerning water with low pH or the types of water pipes used in houses.
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PMID:[Risk of high copper content in drinking water]. 219 31

To investigate the role of balloon dilatation in the management of complicated hepatolithiasis with intrahepatic biliary stricture, 57 consecutive patients who received 208 sessions of dilatation in addition to the usual treatment were analyzed. The strictures were located in the right intrahepatic ducts (84.2%), left intrahepatic ducts (12.3%), or both (3.5%). Dilatation began 3-4 weeks after surgery. The routes of dilatation included the matured T-tube tract (3 cases), percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tracts (42 cases), and both (12 cases). The immediate overall success rate of complete stone clearance increased significantly from 0% predilatation to 94.7% postdilatation. The main complications of dilatation therapy consisted of septicemia (10.5%), hemobilia (10.5%), and mild diarrhea (80%). Eight patients (14%) with long-segment strictures received 11 postdilatation biliary stentings. Complications were 1 patient with occlusion and 2 patients with "spontaneous" hemobilia. Severe multiple strictures and coexistent secondary biliary cirrhosis were the contributing factors to complications. During the follow-up of 3.4 +/- 1.2 years, recurrence of strictures was found in 4 patients. Two of them belonged to the stenting group. The cumulative probability of restricture was low: 4% at 2 years, 6% at 2.5 years, and 8% at 3 years. We conclude that in complicated cases of hepatolithiasis with intrahepatic biliary stricture, dilatation and stenting are good adjuvant therapies.
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PMID:Dilatation of intrahepatic biliary strictures in patients with hepatolithiasis. 223 57

Between 1976 and 1987, 43 patients underwent reversal of jejunoileal bypass operations because of metabolic complications of the operation. Electrolyte imbalance, malnutrition, and diarrhea (16 patients); cirrhosis (9); nephrolithiasis (9); arthritis (7); and pathologic fractures (1) were the primary indications for reconstruction. Many patients had multiple complications of the jejunoileal bypass operation. Twenty-nine patients underwent gastroplasty at the time of reversal and 14 did not. Seventy three +/- 5 months after reversal, patients with a gastroplasty weighed significantly less than patients without a gastroplasty. Patients with electrolyte imbalance, malnutrition, and diarrhea were all improved after reconstruction. Two patients with cirrhosis died of liver failure after reconstruction; the distinguishing preoperative characteristic was ascites. Postoperative interval liver biopsies indicated improvement in histologic appearance in four patients and no change in three. Nephrolithiasis improved or disappeared in all patients after reconstruction, whereas arthritis improved in 5 of 7 patients. Gastroplasty produced no benefit in alleviation of metabolic complications of jejunoileal bypass operations. Although the survival rate in these patients at last follow-up was 95 percent, 28 percent were incapacitated. Simultaneous gastroplasty performed at the time of reversal significantly decreases body weight when compared with patients undergoing reversal without a gastroplasty.
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PMID:Long-term outcome of reversal of small intestinal bypass operations. 229 88

From January 1983 to March 1988, 26 isolates of Vibrio spp. were recovered from the blood of patients admitted to Siriraj Hospital. Thirteen strains were identified as non 0-1 Vibrio cholerae, 3 were Vibrio vulnificus and 10 were Vibrio spp. The medical records of 20 patients were available for clinical analysis. Most of them were adult men with cirrhosis. Clinical features included fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, peritonitis, shock and skin lesions. Some patients had a history of seafood consumption or seawater exposure. The isolates were sensitive to commonly used antibiotics. All patients except one received at least one antibiotic that was sensitive in vitro. However, the case fatality rate was still high, 50 per cent. Clinicians should be aware of the clinical syndrome caused by Vibrio spp. in order to manage those patients promptly and appropriately.
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PMID:Vibrio bacteremia in Siriraj Hospital. 238 Jun 45

During the past two decades, essentiality of zinc for man has been established. Deficiency of zinc in man attributable to nutritional factors and several diseased states has been recognized. High phytate content of cereal proteins decreases availability of zinc, thus the prevalence of zinc deficiency is likely to be high in the population subsisting on cereal proteins mainly. Zinc deficiency has been noted to occur in patients with malabsorption syndrome, chronic renal disease, cirrhosis of the liver, sickle cell disease, AE, and other chronically debilitating diseases. Growth retardation, male hypogonadism, skin changes, poor appetite, mental lethargy and delayed wound healing are some of the manifestations of chronically zinc-deficient human subjects. In severely zinc-deficient patients, dermatological manifestations, diarrhea, alopecia, mental disturbances and intercurrent infections predominate. If untreated, the condition becomes fatal. Zinc deficiency affects testicular functions adversely in man and animals. This effect of zinc is at the end-organ level. It appears that zinc is essential for spermatogenesis. Zinc is involved in many biochemical functions. Several zinc metalloenzymes have been recognized in the past decade. Zinc is required for each step of cell cycle in microorganisms and is essential for DNA synthesis. The effect of zinc on protein synthesis may be attributable to its vital role in nucleic acid metabolism. The activities of many zinc-dependent enzymes have been shown to be affected adversely in zinc-deficient tissues. Zinc atoms in some of the enzyme molecules participate in catalysis and also appear to be essential for maintenance of structure of apoenzymes. Zinc also plays a role in stabilization of biomembrane structure and polynucleotide confirmation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clinical and biochemical manifestation zinc deficiency in human subjects. 241 3

During the past two decades, essentiality of zinc for man has been established. Deficiency of zinc in man attributable to nutritional factors and several diseased states has been recognized. High phytate content of cereal proteins decreases availability of zinc; thus the prevalence of zinc deficiency is likely to be high in the population subsisting mainly on cereal proteins. Zinc deficiency has been noted to occur in patients with malabsorption syndrome, chronic renal disease, cirrhosis of the liver, sickle cell disease, AE (acrodermatitis enteropathica), and other chronically debilitating diseases. Growth retardation, male hypogonadism, skin changes, poor appetite, mental lethargy, and delayed wound healing are some of the manifestations of chronically zinc-deficient human subjects. In severely zinc-deficient patients, dermatological manifestations, diarrhea, alopecia, mental disturbances, and intercurrent infections predominate. If untreated, the condition becomes fatal. Zinc deficiency affects testicular functions adversely in man and animals. This effect of zinc is at the end-organ level. It appears that zinc is essential for spermatogenesis. Zinc is involved in many biochemical functions. Several zinc metalloenzymes have been recognized in the past decade. Zinc is required for each step of cell cycle in microorganisms and is essential for DNA synthesis. The effect of zinc on protein synthesis may be attributable to its vital role in nucleic acid metabolism. The activities of many zinc-dependent enzymes have been shown to be affected adversely in zinc-deficient tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clinical and biochemical manifestations of zinc deficiency in human subjects. 258 Aug 77

Of 72 patients who underwent jejunoileal bypass because of morbid obesity, 69 could be evaluated with special reference to long-term (median 11 years) results. One of the other three had fatal anastomotic leakage, one underwent resection and reversal of shunt because of postoperative gangrene in the bypassed segment, and one died of sepsis and liver failure following cholecystectomy 6 months after bypass. The median body mass index (kg/m2) fell from 45.4 preoperatively to 33.2 after 16 years. Shunt-related complications in early and late follow-up were diarrhoea (n = 15), anal/perianal disorders (15), arthralgia (15), urinary calculi (16), cholelithiasis (5), severe flatulence (7), liver cirrhosis (5), intestinal tuberculosis (1), ileitis (1), severe electrolyte disturbance (4), hypomagnesaemia (22), hypokalaemia (8), and deficiency of vitamin B12 (24), iron (24) and folate (17). Although jejunal bypass effectively reduces weight, the patients are at continuous risk of many complications. However, the improvement in quality of life should not be underestimated.
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PMID:Jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. Report of a series with long-term results. 259 48

Fourteen patients with cirrhosis and subclinical hepatic encephalopathy were randomised to treatment with lactitol or lactulose for a 2-month period during which they were monitored clinically, by electroencephalography and by manually administered and computer-based psychometric testing. Following a washout period of 4-6 weeks patients were crossed-over to treatment with the alternative sugar for a similar period of monitoring. None of the patients showed evidence of overt hepatic encephalopathy and only one showed slowing of the electroencephalogram mean cycle frequency at the onset of the trial. However, significant impairment was observed in the group as a whole in the performance of all three manually administered psychometric tests and in four of the ten computer-based test variables. No changes were observed in clinical status or in electroencephalogram mean cycle frequency during treatment with either lactitol or lactulose. However, psychometric performance improved consistently, and to the same degree, during treatment with both sugars. Patients required a mean of 26 g (range 8-36) of lactitol and 25 ml (10-60) of lactulose to achieve two semi-soft stools per day. The majority of patients complained of flatulence during treatment with both sugars but this tended to resolve with continued treatment. Diarrhoea developed in a small number of patients during both treatment periods but this was invariably dose-related. Patients were equally divided in their preference for the two sugars. Patients with subclinical hepatic encephalopathy benefit from treatment with lactitol and lactulose in terms of their psychometric performance. The feasibility and benefits of long-term treatment for this condition need to be elucidated.
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PMID:Lactitol and lactulose for the treatment of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients. A randomised, cross-over study. 265 85


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