Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighteen mixed-breed beef cattle died as the result of consuming "tacky lithium grease" discarded from a rubber reclaiming plant. Four experimental groups of mature cattle were given oral doses of a lithium salt at levels of 0, 20, 500, and 700 mg/kg body weight. Although all animals in the 250 mg/kg group showed signs of intoxication, the signs were mild and transient. Doses of 500 and 700 mg/kg proved toxic and fatal. Signs, serum levels, and tissue-organ deposition were dose and time-related. Signs of intoxication were salivation, depression, anorexia, hypodipsia, anuria, and diarrhea. The high dose group also showed severe depression and ataxia. The highest mean lithium serum values were 19, 40, and 54 ppm for the 250, 500, and 700 mg/kg groups, respectively. Postmortem and histopathologic examinations revealed dose-related gastroenteritis, slight interstitial nephritis, and hepatic cirrhosis. Tissue residues of lithium were in striated muscle (86.8 ppm), heart (79.3 ppm), liver (68.7 ppm), kidney (67.1 ppm) , and brain (51.8 ppm), in the high dose group. Since serum levels of cattle consuming the "tacky lithium grease" were 0.49 ppm of lithium, we believe other contaminants in this discarded grease may have caused or enhanced the toxic effect of lithium.
 ...
PMID:Lithium toxicity in cattle. 740 86

The authors report two cases of hepatic encephalopathy with chronic hepatic failure. Case 1 was a 78-year-old woman with liver cirrhosis, admitted because of general fatigue and loss of appetite. Her electroencephalogram showed frequent slow waves in the theta range with intermittent triphasic waves T1-weighted MR images showed increased signal intensity in the globus pallidus and the putamen. Case 2 was a 71-year-old woman with chronic hepatitis, admitted because of depression. Her electroencephalogram showed frequent slow wave activities in the theta-delta range with intermittent trisphasic waves. Her serum ammonia level was 84 micrograms/dl (normal 12-54 micrograms/dl). T1-weighted MR images showed increased signal intensity in the globus pallidus, the putamen and the hypothalamus. On the basis of these findings, both patients were diagnosed as having hepatic encephalopathy, although disturbance of consciousness was not obvious. The observed MR image abnormalities might be due to the metabolic and pathological changes of chronic hepatic failure. Such MRI findings may be useful for the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy.
 ...
PMID:[Two cases of hepatic encephalopathy associated with a high-intensity area in the basal ganglia on T1-weighted MR images]. 823 Jul 86

Anorexia, weight loss, fatigue, symptoms of alcohol withdrawal and hepatomegaly are common early presenting signs and symptoms of alcohol abuse. The clinical diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis can be made in alcoholics with associated fever, leukocytosis, jaundice and tender hepatomegaly. Associated laboratory abnormalities may include leukocytosis or leukopenia, anemia, a prolonged prothrombin time and elevated liver enzymes, including aspartate amino-transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin. An AST-to-ALT ratio greater than 2 is common in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Liver biopsy may be required to establish the diagnosis and to identify other pathology, such as cirrhosis. Histologic diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis requires the presence of liver cell damage, an inflammatory infiltrate and fibrosis. Biopsy-proven cirrhosis with alcoholic hepatitis or a significantly elevated total bilirubin level and prolonged prothrombin time are associated with a worse prognosis. Abstinence from alcohol, nutritional supplementation and corticosteroids are the mainstays of treatment for severe alcoholic hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:Alcoholic hepatitis. 846 12

Sixty-four consecutive subjects with hepatocellular carcinoma were prospectively studied in the department of Hepatology, IPGMR, Dhaka. Their mean age was 50.11 years. Fifty-two were male and 12 female. Cirrhosis was present in 12 (18.75%) subjects. Thirty subjects (46.88%) had HBsAg in their sera. Seven (58.33% of females) patients gave history of use of oral contraceptives. Cirrhosis, HBV infection, male sex, middle age, and probably the use of oral contraceptives in females appeared to be important risk factors for development of HCC in Bangladesh. Majority of patients presented with upper abdominal pain, weight loss and anorexia. Hepatomegaly was invariably present. Alpha fetoprotein was significantly higher in cirrhotic HCC patients than in non-cirrhotic ones. Median survival was two months. None of the clinical or laboratory features predicted the prognosis.
 ...
PMID:Etiology and clinical profile of hepatocellular carcinoma in Bangladesh. 936 73

A 27-year-old woman was successfully treated with a highly dosed steroid therapy over several months during summer 1994 in the event of urticaria. In October 1994, when the patient was complaint free, therapy was abruptly terminated. In November 1994 jaundice, nausea and loss of appetite occurred. Biochemical results showed markedly elevated serum transaminases, negative hepatitis serology, normal immunoglobulins and inconspicious autoantibodies. Histology showed a florid hepatitis. In January 1995 the patient was hospitalized again in very low general and nutritional condition with a marked jaundice, high serum transaminases, insufficient liver synthesis function, established ANA(+), ASMA(+2) and normal immunoglobulins. This time histology painted out an active hepatitis going into liver cirrhosis. Evaluation in view of liver transplantation was carried out in this case of liver failure. At that time, tests showed a distinct gamma globulin fraction increase although the antibody pattern had remainded identical. An immunosuppressive therapy with azathioprine and steroids was decided upon under suspicion of an autoimmune hepatitis leading to a prompt positive response and therefore confirmation of the diagnosis. Complete biochemical remission was attained in April 1995 and a complete histological remission in March 1998.
 ...
PMID:[Jaundice and progressive liver failure: delayed diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis due to abrupt termination of steroid therapy?]. 979 14

Anorexia in liver disease is common; however, its association with aberrant metabolism and the type of cirrhosis has not been considered. Dietary intake, nutritional status, fasting substrate oxidation, and macronutrient preference were examined in controls (n = 18) and 65 patients with hepatocellular (n = 31) or biliary cirrhosis (n = 34). Energy intakes were lowest in hepatocellular patients (controls: 9.0 +/- 0.48 megajoules/day compared with biliary: 7.0 +/- 0.40 MJ/day, P <.05; controls compared with hepatocellular 6.5 +/- 0.39 megajoules/day, P <.01). Triceps skinfold was lower only in hepatocellular patients (controls: 109 +/- 9.2% compared with hepatocellular 79 +/- 5.6%, P <.05). The fasting rate of lipid oxidation was elevated in hepatocellular patients when compared with controls and biliary patients (controls: 40.9 +/- 15.1 mg/min compared with hepatocellular 62.8 +/- 16.8 mg/min, P <.001, and biliary : 45.5 +/- 17.0 mg/min compared with hepatocellular, P <.001). Control subjects exhibited a greater preference for the high fat, moderate carbohydrate food (controls: median 7.0 IQR 2.0 compared with biliary: median 5.0 interquartile range [IQR] 4.7, P <.01) (controls compared with hepatocellular: median 6.0 IQR 4.0, P <.01). Cirrhotic patients' spontaneous dietary intake is lower than that of controls and recommended intakes. Although macronutrient preference ratings were different within cirrhotic patient groups it remains unclear whether associated nutrient deficits are metabolically driven and dictated by primary cause.
 ...
PMID:Macronutrient preference, dietary intake, and substrate oxidation among stable cirrhotic patients. 1021 19

Within a 6-year period from January 1991 to December 1996, 19 patients with Salmonella choleraesuis bacteremia were enrolled for clinical and microbiological analysis. Young children, the elderly and patients with hematological malignancy (36.8%), liver cirrhosis (26.3%), systemic lupus erythematosus (10.5%), chronic renal impairment (10.5%), and peptic ulcer (10.5%) were at high risk of this infection. The ratio of male to female was 3:1. Three cases (15.8%) were nosocomially acquired. Fever (89.5%), chills (57.9%) and anorexia (52.6%) were the most common clinical manifestations. Seven patients (36.8%) presented no gastrointestinal manifestations. Normal white blood cell count was noted in seven patients (36.8%), and neutropenia caused by underlying diseases or severe infection was found in six cases (31.6%). Various types of metastatic focal infections were found, such as septic arthritis, cutaneous infection, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and pneumonia. The severe immunocompromised status of patients and the high virulence of this pathogen may contribute to the high case fatality rate (21%). Higher resistance rate to commonly used antimicrobial agents was noted in ampicillin (94.7%), chloramphenicol (89.5%), and TMP/SMZ (63.8%). All strains of S. choleraesuis were susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Generally, S. choleraesuis bacteremia should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of sepsis in immunocompromised patients, even without gastrointestinal manifestations. The third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones may be the first choice for treatment of this invasive infections.
 ...
PMID:Salmonella choleraesuis bacteremia in southern Taiwan. 1033 Jul 99

By measuring portal pressure of hepatocirrhotic dogs of bile duct ligation directly, and detecting portal system flow in patients with hepatic cirrhosis by ultrasound doppler, we studied the portal hemodynamic effects of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RSM). After intravenous administration of RSM in hepatocirrhotic dogs, the portal venous pressure (PPV), wedge hepatic venous pressure (WHVP), and hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) were significantly decreased (P < 0.05-0.01), but the mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) unchanged (P > 0.05). After long-term administration of RSM (10-12 weeks), the diameter of portal vein (DPV) and splenic vein (DSV), the flow of portal vein (QPV), and splenic vein (QSV) in patients with hepatic cirrhosis were significantly decreased respectively (P < 0.05-0.001). Hypodynamia, abdominal distension, anorexia and liver function (ALT) were improved partially after administration of RSM in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Side-effects of RSM were not found. The results demonstrated that RSM is an effective drug of depressing portal pressure with few side-effects.
 ...
PMID:[Effects of radix Salviae miltiorrhizae on hemodynamics of portal hypertension: clinical and experimental study]. 1043 44

A miniature schnauzer with a history of apathy, anorexia and jaundice was presented to the Utrecht University Clinic for Companion Animals. Abnormal laboratory findings included highly increased levels of total bile acids and alkaline phosphatase, and hyponatraemia. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed that the right side of the liver was enlarged and the left side was small, together with a thrombus in the portal vein. Biopsies from the right side of the liver demonstrated subacute to chronic active hepatitis, for which the dog was treated with prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day for four weeks). No improvement was observed and the owner requested euthanasia. At necropsy the left lobes of the liver were found to be small and firm, while the right lobes were large and soft. There were two thrombi in the portal vein. Microscopic examination revealed chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis.
 ...
PMID:Thrombosis of the portal vein in a miniature schnauzer. 1064 99

The role of leptin in anorexia associated with liver cirrhosis remains controversial. The aim of this study was to quantify the serum leptin level in patients with hepatocellular or cholestatic liver disease and to assess its relationship with serum insulin, body mass index, and serum lipoproteins. The study population included 30 women, 15 with chronic hepatocellular liver disease and 15 with primary biliary cirrhosis; severity of disease was determined by Child-Pugh and histological criteria, respectively. Ten healthy, age-matched women served as controls. Levels of serum leptin and insulin were determined by radioimmunoassay. Mean serum leptin level was significantly lower in the primary biliary cirrhosis group compared to both the control (P < or = 0.05) and the hepatocellular groups (P < or = 0.05). Serum leptin level strongly correlated with body mass index in the hepatocellular group (P < 0.0001) and the controls (P < 0.001), but not in the primary biliary cirrhosis group; it showed no correlation with severity of liver disease. A positive correlation was found between serum leptin and serum cholesterol (P = 0.02), low density lipoprotein (P = 0.01), and triglycerides (P = 0.04) in the hepatocellular group and in the controls between serum leptin and serum high density lipoproteins (P = 0.01). Serum leptin is low in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. The combined findings of normal insulin response less insulin resistance, and lower serum leptin level in primary biliary cirrhosis compared to hepatocellular liver disease may indicate that serum leptin is merely a passive marker and not a cause of anorexia in liver disease.
 ...
PMID:Alterations in serum leptin in chronic liver disease. 1183 22


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>