Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical signs and symptoms of sexual dysfunction with amenorrhoea, loss of libido and infertility, are frequently found in chronic alcoholic women. But few investigations have been made concerning hormonal changes in fertile aged women experiencing sexual dysfunction. In order to assess prolactin levels of fertile-aged women with alcoholism under 40 years of age-excluding those with liver cirrhosis were surveyed. We found that many of them (82.6%) had moderate elevations of plasma prolactin. Hyperprolactinemia is commonly associated with amenorrhoea and hypogonadism. An acute alcohol loading experiment was conducted on 6 healthy female volunteers in luteal phases of their menstrual cycles in order to evaluate the effects of alcohol on the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis. Evidence was obtained that alcohol intake caused transient hyperprolactinemia. The present results indicated that hyperprolactinemia can occur with high frequency among alcoholic women and this causes sexual dysfunction and ovarian dysfunction. The etiology of hyperprolactinemia could not be explained solely by the direct action of alcohol, rather, liver dysfunction must be implicated.
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PMID:[A study on hyperprolactinemia in female patients with alcoholics]. 206 37

To 11 patients with liver cirrhosis (5 with ascites) and 6 controls a one-hour dopamine infusion, 1.5 micrograms/kg/min., was administered. In all before administration of the infusion catheterization of the hepatic veins and lesser circulation was performed with concurrent assessment of the cardiac minute volume by thermodilution, and haemodynamic measurements were repeated also after the dopamine infusion. Before the dopamine administration and after termination of the infusion the plasma renin activity was assessed (PRA), plasma aldosterone, the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), prolactin and in some patients also plasma catecholamines. Dopamine administration was not associated with an increase of the cardiac output, heart rate or peripheral resistance; the infusion had only purely dopaminergic effects. Plasma prolactin declined after dopamine administration significantly in controls (from 29.17 +/- 7.01 to 11.83 +/- 3.22, p less than 0.05, in patients with liver cirrhosis without ascites) from 18.16 +/- 2.44 to 8.64 +/- 2.01, p less than 0.01) in patients with ascites liver cirrhosis (from 23.5 +/- 9.3 to 15.2 +/- 7.47, p less than 0.05). In the controls after the dopamine infusion PRA suppression occurred (from 2.37 +/- 0.81 to 0.9 +/- 0.27, p less than 0.05), while in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis (from 0.97 +/- 0.41 to 0.85 +/- 0.34, n.s.) and in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis the PRA did not change significantly either (from 4.56 +/- 1.67 to 5.065 +/- 2.29, n. s.). After the dopamine infusion in none of the investigated patient groups changes of plasma aldosterone and ANF were recorded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The effect of dopamine on hemodynamic and hormonal parameters in liver cirrhosis]. 214 Sep 56

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a hormone-sensitive tumor. It has been reported that thyroxine and prolactin significantly stimulated hepatoma growth, whereas growth hormone failed to do so. To learn whether the growth hormone receptor is present in human hepatocellular carcinoma, we used radioreceptor assays in samples of human hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver tissues adjacent to hepatocellular carcinoma (mostly cirrhotic) and control liver tissues (taken during various surgical procedures) were also studied. The study results showed that the affinity constant and capacity of high-affinity growth hormone receptor in normal liver tissues were 6.6 +/- 2.0 x 10(10) mol/L-1 (mean +/- SE, n = 7) and 20.7 +/- 11.5 fmol/mg protein, respectively. The affinity constant and capacity of low-affinity growth hormone receptor in normal liver tissues were 8.9 +/- 3.3 x 10(9) mol/L-1 and 64.7 +/- 32.1 fmol/mg protein, respectively. The absence of growth hormone receptor in human hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhotic liver samples may explain the absence of growth hormone in the stimulation of hepatoma growth and the decrease of somatomedin levels in cirrhosis.
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PMID:Absence of growth-hormone receptor in hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhotic liver. 222 28

Several clinical observations suggest that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC or "hepatoma") may be a hormone-dependent tumour; the apparent relation to anabolic steroids and oral contraceptive preparations, and the striking male predominance particularly among patients with cirrhosis. In many animal models thyroid hormones, prolactin and testosterone stimulate tumour growth, and the latter may enhance the progression of chemically-induced hyperplastic nodules to frank malignancy. In animals and humans, both oestrogen and androgen receptors have been reported in normal and malignant liver tissue though some of the evidence is conflicting and the amounts detected vary widely. From a therapeutic standpoint, we failed to show any advantage from the addition of tamoxifen to adriamycin, in a controlled trial although other workers have, more recently, reported prolonged survival using tamoxifen alone. About 20% of HCC patients receiving the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate showed a clinical response.
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PMID:Growth factors, endocrine aspects and hormonal treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma--an overview. 217 61

Although the accumulation of Ga-67 citrate in gynecomastia has been described, no researchers have reported that Ga-67 citrate accumulates in a "doughnut" pattern. Basically, gynecomastia is due to an increase of estrogens. Since estrogens accelerate the proliferation of lactiferous ducts in the center of breast, Ga-67 citrate may accumulate in it. On the hand, prolactin increases the proliferation of the glandular lobules and the acinus. When the serum prolactin increases after child birth or renal insufficiency, the image from the accumulation of Ga-67 citrate in the breast may have a "doughnut" pattern. A patient with gynecomastia had high levels estrogens because he was being treated with an estrogen medication. He was referred for liver cirrhosis. The results of the present report indicate that the "doughnut" pattern occurs in the margin of the hyperplasic glandular lobule.
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PMID:Increased gallium-67 citrate uptake in the breast of a patient with gynecomastia. 221 76

In order to evaluate risk factors in male breast cancer, a case-control study of 91 histologically diagnosed cases and 255 cancer controls, matched for age and year of diagnosis, was conducted in Villejuif (France) and Geneva (Switzerland). Factors studied included marital history, occupational exposure, associated diseases, family history of breast cancer, history of radiation exposure and drugs which increase or are suspected of increasing prolactin or estrogen levels. Cases were significantly more likely to be bachelors or to work as butchers than were the controls. Other statistically significant risk factors identified were family history of breast cancer and therapeutic use of digitalis. Elevated risks, although not significant, were observed for individuals with a past history of tuberculosis, hyperthyroidism, liver cirrhosis or gallstone, who had been treated with isoniazid, or who had worked in high environmental temperatures. Further studies are needed to confirm our results particularly as regards hormonal imbalance and genetic factors.
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PMID:Risk factors for male breast cancer: a Franco-Swiss case-control study. 232 42

The present work investigates the sex hormone profiles in 50 male patients with liver cirrhosis of different etiology according to the degree of liver dysfunction. The only hormonal impairment in well-compensated cirrhotics (group A) was an increase in mean serum concentrations of estrone, androstenedione, and sex hormone binding globulin. In decompensated cirrhotic patients with ascites (group B), low mean levels of total and free testosterone were found along with normal gonadotropins mean levels. Estrone and androstenedione levels were still elevated, whereas sex hormone binding globulin levels were not different from controls. In decompensated cirrhotics patients with encephalopathy (group C), total and free testosterone mean levels were lower than in group B, and LH mean levels were elevated; estrone levels were markedly high, but androstenedione levels were subnormal; sex hormone binding globulin concentrations were again not different from controls. The few patients with high prolactin levels belonged primarily to this group. Estradiol mean levels were not significantly elevated in any of the groups. It is concluded that the various hormonal patterns of gonadal failure and of the impairment of steroid metabolism and transport, observed in cirrhosis, can be attributed to the degree of liver dysfunction.
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PMID:Sex hormones and sex hormone binding globulin in males with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis of the liver. 249 23

Gonadal function in idiopathic hemochromatosis (IHC) was evaluated by comparing clinical features and levels of sex hormones in 10 male patients with IHC (cirrhosis, 4; fibrosis, 6), 6 male patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) and 10 healthy, age-matched controls. Impotence was present in 9 IHC and all AC patients and was associated with decreased plasma testosterone levels. However, gynecomastia, a feature in all patients with AC, was not present in IHC, and plasma sex hormone binding globulin was normal. Patients with IHC showed significantly lower basal estradiol levels (17.7 +/- 6.3 pg per ml) than did controls (28.5 +/- 8.5 pg per ml), and low LH levels (p less than 0.01), which were insufficiently stimulated by luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (n = 8) as well as a decrease in prolactin concentration (2.9 +/- 1.4 vs. 5.9 +/- 1.9 ng per ml in the controls) suggesting pituitary failure. Synthesizing capacity of sex hormones was determined by adrenocorticotropic hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin administration. Basal and stimulated levels of androstenedione and cortisol indicated normal function of the adrenals in IHC. However after adrenocorticotropic hormone, estrone levels increased to only 16.2 +/- 8.4 pg per ml (controls, 27.3 +/- 4.7 pg per ml; p less than 0.01). Increments of estrone (12.5 +/- 9.2 pg per ml) and estradiol (17.9 +/- 11.6 pg per ml) were also lower in IHC following human chorionic gonadotropin administration than in controls (26.0 +/- 7.2 and 37.5 +/- 11.4 pg per ml, respectively). In contrast, plasma human chorionic gonadotropin raised testosterone levels 3.3-fold in IHC and 2.2-fold in controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Androgen and estrogen response to adrenal and gonadal stimulation in idiopathic hemochromatosis: evidence for decreased estrogen formation. 298 1

Basal T4, T3, TSH, prolactin and growth hormone levels were determined in several groups: patients with postnecrotic cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 14); patients with postnecrotic cirrhosis but without hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 26); cholangiolar carcinoma (n = 9); and normal controls age-matched to within 5 yr of the liver disease subjects studied. In addition, TRH stimulation (400 micrograms TRH) was performed; TSH, prolactin and growth hormone responses over a 180-min time interval were evaluated for each subject. The responses observed varied between liver disease groups. The presence or absence of hepatocellular carcinoma was found to determine, at least in part, the type of response observed. Similarly, the presence or absence of hepatic encephalopathy determined, and/or reflected, at least in part, the type of response observed. Finally, for purposes of continuity, basal and TRH-stimulated levels of TSH, prolactin, growth hormone, T4 and T3 are compared in 3 settings of cirrhosis: alcoholic, nonalcoholic postnecrotic cirrhosis, and postnecrotic cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Thyroid and pituitary hormone responses to TRH in advanced nonalcoholic liver disease. 303 51

Basal plasma concentrations of thyroxine (T4), 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3), free T4 index (TF4I), free T3 index (FT3I) reverse T3, 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (rT3), resin T3 uptake (TR3U), thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), thyrotropin (TSH), prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) as well as thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulated TSH, PRL and GH were investigated in 31 consecutive male patients (mean age 41 years) with chronic alcoholism. According to the histology of their liver biopsies the patients were divided into three groups: patients with normal livers, steatosis and cirrhosis. The control group consisted of 30 healthy males. The patients had abstained from alcohol for at least one week when studied, and they were on a nutritionally adequate diet. All had consumed a daily minimum of 52 g ethanol for at least 5 years. None of the patients had severe or decompensated liver disease. The patients had significantly reduced T3 and rT3 plasma levels compared to normals. Patients with cirrhosis of the liver had increased TBG and normal RT3U levels, while those without cirrhosis had increased RT3U and normal TBG levels. Plasma concentrations of basal as well as TRH-stimulated TSH and PRL were unchanged in alcoholic patients, whereas basal as well as stimulated GH levels were increased in cirrhotic alcoholics. It is concluded that alcohol per se influences T3 levels, but not the part of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis studied, and that the binding proteins are mostly determined by the degree of liver disease.
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PMID:Pituitary-thyroid function and thyrotropin, prolactin and growth hormone responses to TRH in patients with chronic alcoholism. 309 23


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