Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty autopsy cases (35 male and 15 female) of mucin-secreting cholangiocarcinoma in Chinese were reviewed. The peak incidence was in the 7th decade for males and in the 6th for females. Massive (37), multinodular (8), diffuse (1) and hilar (4) types were recognized grossly. The hilar tumours arose from the main intrahepatic ducts and the other types originated from smaller ducts. The overall association with stones was 20% and clonorchiasis 92%. Cirrhosis occurred in only 4% of cases. There was an association between the degree of mucin secretion and the presence and severity of clonorchiasis.
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PMID:Mucin-producing cholangiocarcinoma: an autopsy study in Hong Kong. 19 May 76

Fifty-five hepatocarcinomas were found in a review of approximately 7,500 surgical biopsies done on Nigerian Igbos during a period of 6 years. The male: female ratio was 2.9:1 and the age peak was between 20 and 49 years. The main symptoms were abdominal swelling, pain, emaciation, jaundice, fever, anorexia and diarrhea. Physical examination revealed a palpable liver in nearly all patients. Two patients presented acutely with hemoperitoneum due to rupture of necrotic tumor nodule. Cirrhosis was found in 60% of the adequately sized specimens. In comparison with published data, this series from an ethnic group in Nigeria, West Africa, reveals both similarities and dissimilarities which are noteworthy.
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PMID:Biopsy study of hepatocarcinomas in Nigerian Igbos. 19 27

The chief causes of liver disease in Ethiopia are reviewed, considering hospital data on admissions for hepatitis, cirrhosis, ascites and hepatoma. Liver diseases account for 11.4% of all medical admissions in 3 medical wards in Addis Ababa. The causes are viral hepatitis, post- hepatic and post necrotic and mixed cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Alcoholic cirrhosis is rare. Viral hepatitis with shivering, rigor and fever and elevated direct bilirubin levels are common in Ethiopians, especially in child-bearing women. The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is often associated with hepatitis. The disease may be transmitted by several species of mosquitoes, placental transmission, or feces, urine, saliva or semen. Blood products are not screened for hepatitis B. Cirrhosis is common, and causes significant mortality, usually from esophageal varices and hepatic coma. Chronic active hepatitis patients may live for a time, especially if they are near a hospital and are treated with steroids. In Ethiopia presenting symptoms for hepatoma are anorexia, weight loss, persistent, burning, right upper quadrant pain, and a hard, nodular, tender RUQ mass. Over 5% of malignancies seen are primary hepatocellular carcinomas. 50% have HBsAG, compared to 3.8% of controls. 65% have alpha-fetoglobulins. It is suggested that some viral hepatitis cases progress to cirrhosis, of which some go on to hepatocellular carcinoma. Herbal medicines, aflatoxins and other toxins may also contribute to liver disease.
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PMID:Current views on liver diseases in Ethiopia. 20 62

The influence of dietary protein content and dietary vitamin B12 supplement on the hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity of aflatoxin in rat liver was studied. In animals fed a low-protein diet, aflatoxin induced extensive toxic and carcinogenic effects. Cirrhosis was significantly prevented to a certain level by vitamin B12 administration, but the incidence of cholangiofibrosis and hyperplastic nodules was unchanged. No toxic effect was observed in animals receiving high-protein diet with no vitamin B12 supplement in this study (33 weeks). Only one rat bearing a hepatoma was observed in this group. However, hepatoma and hyperplastic nodules were found in the group receiving high-protein diet plus vitamin B12. Cholangiofibrosis and cirrhosis were not observed in the high-protein group regardless of vitamin B12 administration.
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PMID:Influence of dietary protein and vitamin B12 on the toxicity and carcinogenicity of aflatoxins in rat liver. 20 26

Occurrence of fever in a patient with liver cirrhosis should suggest the following: 1. Endotoxemia. Endotoxins are normally present in portal blood; in hepatic cirrhosis they are insufficiently cleared by the liver and their presence can be demonstrated in the systemic circulation by the "limulus test". Fever is one of the many consequences ascribed to the presence of endotoxins in the blood. 2. Infections. Cirrhosis and alcoholism (which often accompanies it) impair host defenses against bacteria and other organisms. Thus, infections are actually more frequent in hepatic cirrhosis as is shown by the example of bacterial endocarditis. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis must be searched for carefully when ascites is present. 3. Alcoholic hepatitis. This diagnosis is established histologically. The usual symptoms, occurring with variable incidence, include anorexia, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, fever and jaundice in the presence of hepatomegaly, leukocytosis and an elevated SGOT. Differential diagnosis from obstructive jaundice and a severe prognosis without alcohol abstinence make early diagnosis mandatory. Its evolution in cirrhosis can be astonishingly rapid. In the absence of hepatic encephalopathy, corticosteroids do not appear to be recommended. 4. Hepatoma.
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PMID:[Fever and liver cirrhosis]. 22 38

Knowledge of the cellular changes that lead to hepatic neoplasia in humans is limited. Cirrhosis is a common antecedent or accompaniment of liver cell carcinoma and it seems that both its etiology and its time of duration are relevant risk factors. Many cellular changes have been observed in patients and among populations considered to be at risk. Of these, liver cell dysplasia is the most striking, and studies of its prevalence, natural history, and association with particular forms of cirrhosis suggest that it is a precancerous change. Bile duct carcinoma may follow infestation with liver flukes and duct epithelial hyperplasia is present before the development of cancer. Angiosarcoma from several causes is commonly preceded by a peculiar fibrosis, vascular changes, and Kupffer cell hyperplasia.
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PMID:Precancerous changes in the human liver. 22

Grey-scale ultrasound tomography was used to examine the liver and biliary tree of 100 consecutive unselected jaundiced patients in a prospective study. It was successful in differentiating between hepato-cellular and obstructive jaundice in 94%. It precisely localised the site of obstruction in 75% of those patients with enlargement of the head of the pancreas from either carcinoma or gall-stones impacted in the Ampulla of Vater. This figure was reduced to 60% when all cases of obstruction were considered. Cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis were found to be associated with an abnormal pattern of echoes within the liver. These echoes were stronger and more numerous than normal. This association was not apparent with drug-induced cholestasis or acute viral hepatitis. Grey-scale ultrasound tomography is quick, safe and completely non-invasive. It should be the initial investigation of choice in the differential diagnosis of jaundice. When precise localisation of an obstruction is not possible after a repeat attempt, then percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography should be considered.
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PMID:Ultrasound tomography of the liver: Non-invasive method of choice for the differential diagnosis of jaundice. 28 82

This article provides guidelines on the definition, nomenclature, and classification of cirrhosis, hepatic fibrosis, and chronic hepatitis. Cirrhosis is considered according to its etiology and morphological characteristics, these being complementary rather than alternative.
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PMID:The morphology of cirrhosis: definition, nomenclature, and classification. 30 93

Antitrypsin activity was measured in 50 healthy controls and 100 cases of Indian Childhood Cirrhosis (ICC). The incidence of alpha-I anti-trypsin (Alpha I-AT) enzyme deficiency was strinkingly higher in cases of cirrhosis (39.0%) than in healthy controls (4%). The enzyme deficiency was more prevalent in severe grades of cirrhosis (51.5%) as compared to mild (17.6%) and moderate cirrhosis (38%). Liver function tests were severely deranged in enzyme deficient cirrhotics and the damage to the liver was directly proportional to the extent of the enzyme deficiency. The incidence of the family history of ICC was noted significantly higher in enzyme deficient cases (20%) as compared to non-deficient cases (3.3%). The enzyme deficiency was also measured in 160 first blood relatives of the deficient cirrhotics and was found to be deficient in 19.4% subjects. It is probable that the deficiency runs in families with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
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PMID:alpha-I antitrypsin enzyme deficiency in Indian childhood cirrhosis. 31 92

We report two cases of sea-blue histiocyte syndrome in Thai siblings. The abnormal histiocytes were found in the bone marrow and liver of both patients, but none was found in the other members of the family. Cirrhosis and absence of axillary hair were present in both patients. One patient also had elephantiasis of the legs and Klinefelter's syndrome. Our studies support an autosomal recessive inheritance.
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PMID:Sea-blue histiocyte syndrome in Thai siblings. 41 Feb 19


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