Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nine hundred and ninety nine patients were admitted in our Department (the Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, UOEH) during the five years more since the opening date of the University Hospital (July, 9, 1979), and 864 cases in them (86.2%) suffered from the various digestive diseases. Most of the in-patients with digestive diseases in our Department are resident in Kitakyushu city and its suburbs, especially in Yahatanishi-ku, Wakamatsu-ku and Onga county, therefore, it may be possible to investigate the ecological characteristics of the in-patients of our Department in the relation to the outbreak, clinical course and outcome of the digestive diseases. Namely, it may be assumed that the incidence and prevalence of the idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are relatively high in this area (Kitakyushu city and its suburbs) as compared with the average of all Japan. Although the true causes of these illness are still unknown, the inclination of haptoglobin phenotypes (HP) which include 2-2, 2-1 & 1-1 type 1-1 strongly suggests to the association with some genetical factors on the high incidence of these diseases (IBD). In this connection, Hp type 1-1 were recognized 4 in 11 cases (36.4%) with ulcerative colitis, and 3 in 7 cases (42.9%) with Crohn's disease in our Department whereas only 3-5% in normal controls. Secondly, the patients with carcinoma of the biliary tree (bile duct and gall bladder) are relatively more, namely, 17 cases of bile duct cancer and 3 cases of gall bladder cancer were admitted in our Department during this term. It is interesting to note that hepatohilar type of the bile duct cancer was observed comparatively high (4 in 17 cases, 52.9%) in the past five years-more although the etiology is unknown. Finally, several characteristics in liver diseases particularly in viral hepatitis were illustrated in this study, namely, the ratio of transient HBV infection to whole (transient and persistent) HBV infection in the patients with acute viral hepatitis (due to HBV) is high (80.9%), HBeAg positivity is high in chronic B-hepatitis (44.9%), the ratio of alcoholic cirrhosis to whole liver cirrhosis is relatively high (34.9%) and HBsAg positivity is lower in liver cirrhosis due to non-alcoholic origin (mainly due to hepatitis virus) than the average of this country, and also, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without liver cirrhosis is higher (23.0%) than the average of whole Japan (less than 15%) statistically.
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PMID:[Ecological approach to the patients with digestive diseases in Kitakyushu City and its suburbs]. 372 13

The glycoproteins (GP) of 329 patients with liver diseases and 60 clinically healthy subjects were complexly studied: sialic acid, orozomucoid, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, cholinesterase, hexosamine and fucose. Modern laparoscopic, bioscopic, histochemical and histomorphological methods were used in making the diagnosis and determination of the disease phase; The liver diseases are characterized by quantitative and qualitative differences in the character of the GP changes in serum. GP are mostly changed in acute viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, extrahepatic cholestasis and liver tumours, less in chronic aggressive hepatitis and no change in chronic persistent hepatitis and steatosis. The complex GP study is of significance in the characteristic of the activity of the pathological process, in the specification of the liver function as well as for the prognosis of a certain disease.
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PMID:[Complex study of glycoproteins in liver disease]. 710 92

Acetaldehyde in non-toxic doses (15.6 micrograms per start) causes in the inhibition test of the migration of leucocytes an inhibition of the migration in 6/13 of the patients with alcoholic hepatitis, a stimulation of the migration in 6/11 of alcohol cirrhoses. Healthy (n = 16) persons, patients with alcoholic fatty degeneration of the liver (n = 3) as well as non-alcoholic liver diseases (chronic persisting hepatitis, n = 11; chronic active hepatitis, n = 8, cirrhosis, n = 7) did not show this cellular immune reagibility. The inhibition of the migration and the stimulation of the migration, respectively, might develop by hapten autoantigen complexes (altered cytoskeleton?) with release of the factors of inhibition of migration and stimulation of migration, in which case the role of a hapten belongs to acetaldehyde. The results of the tests did not correlate with functional and histological findings of the liver, with the actual consumption of alcohol and also not with haptoglobin phaenotypes. When it is postulated that by acetaldehyde also the release of further lymphokines is mediated, origin and progression of alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis might be explained immunopathogenetically.
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PMID:[Acetaldehyde-induced leukocyte migration inhibition in alcoholic liver diseases]. 712 38

Mannan-binding protein is synthesized by the liver and functions in first-line host defence by opsonizing mannose-rich microorganisms due to activation of the classical complement pathway independent of Clq, and by an intrinsic ability to opsonize and mediate phagocytosis. We have investigated whether the increased susceptibility to bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis could be explained by low plasma concentrations of mannan-binding protein and impaired complement-dependent opsonization. We examined 51 patients with compensated alcoholic cirrhosis, 34 who were decompensated and 16 healthy controls. Irrespective of group, we found a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between plasma mannan-binding protein concentration and deposition of the complement opsonin C4 on mannan from baker's yeast. In contrast to what was expected, this kind of opsonization and plasma levels of mannan-binding protein were significantly increased in the patients with decompensated cirrhosis (p = 0.01 and p = 0.007, respectively). A significant correlation (0 < 0.05) was found between mannan-binding protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fibrinogen and haptoglobin in these patients. Though the correlations were weak (rho = 0.49, rho = 0.48 and rho = 0.40, respectively), the elevated levels of mannan-binding protein in the patients with decompensated cirrhosis may reflect an acute phase reaction. It is concluded that plasma levels of mannan-binding protein are increased in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and that complement-dependent opsonization of mannan does not seem to be compromized in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.
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PMID:Mannan-binding protein and complement dependent opsonization in alcoholic cirrhosis. 777 56

Thirty-nine patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with weekly alternating non-cross-resistant chemotherapy (CAMBO-VIP). We obtained a high response rate, and prolonged disease-free survival with side effects and complications of various severity were observed. Three patients were withdrawn from the study due to aggravation of liver cirrhosis, cerebral infarction, and poor tolerance. Thirty-six patients completed this 12-week intensive chemotherapy. The median treatment delay in all patients was 3 days (-4 to 29 days), and a delay of over 15 days was seen in 5 patients. The nadir of the neutrophil count was 0 to 2,100/microliters (median 140/microliters), and 15 patients were below 100/microliters. Two patients had pneumonia and 4 had herpes zoster infection. The platelet count nadir was 20,000 to 240,000/microliters (median 90,000/microliters). Ten patients were below 50,000/microliters, but none required platelet transfusion. Red cell transfusion was given in 6 patients. Elevation of transaminases was seen in 25 patients, but it was not serious except for a patient with liver cirrhosis. The elevation of serum LDH level and decrease of serum haptoglobin level seen shortly after completion of treatment seemed due to the increased blood cell destruction. Stomatitis was observed in 32 patients, 17 of whom showed more than grade 3 toxicity. Blister formation on palms and/or soles was noted in 6 patients. There was no treatment-related death observed.
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PMID:[A study of toxicities and complications observed in alternating non-cross-resistant chemotherapy (CAMBO-VIP) for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. 833 48

Serum levels of haptoglobin, an acute phase protein, in usually increased in patients with inflammation and decreased in patients with intravascular hemolysis. Changes in haptoglobin serum levels were also observed in patients with liver disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum level of haptoglobin in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C. Haptoglobin serum levels were measured by rate nephelometry in 34 patients with histologically proven chronic viral hepatitis C and in 30 controls. Haptoglobin serum levels were lower in patients than in controls (0.56 +/- 0.36 versus 0.90 +/- 0.35 g/L, P < 0.001). In patients with chronic hepatitis but without cirrhosis, haptoglobin serum levels were decreased as well. Haptoglobin serum levels were positively correlated to prothrombin index (P < 0.001) and negatively correlated to the histology activity index of Knodell (P < 0.001), and especially to scores of fibrosis (P < 0.001) and periportal necrosis (P < 0.05). Red cell count, indirect bilirubin level, and reticulocyte count, as markers of hemolysis, were similar in patients and controls. We conclude that determination of haptoglobin serum levels may be useful in the evaluation and the follow-up of patients with chronic viral hepatitis C.
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PMID:[Decrease of haptoglobin serum level in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C]. 834 72

Irreversible liver cirrhosis was induced in rats by supplementing their diet with 0.02% azathioprine and intubating them twice a week with carbon tetrachloride in corn oil. Over period of 3 mo, intoxicated rats showed an atypical acute-phase reaction (APR). The relative concentrations of haptoglobin, beta-lipoprotein, alpha-1-antitrypsin, an unknown peak "X, " and transferrin increased exponentially following a mild initial drop, while albumin, C3c + C3, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, alpha-1-lipoprotein, and macroglobulin declined continually during the experiment. The accumulated peritoneal fluid was found to contain a similar spectrum of APR proteins. On the other hand, histological examination revealed gradual liver damage manifested as a gradual increase in the areas of collagen separating liver cells, and at the end of the experiment, severe liver damage was evident with isolated hepatocytes in a matrix of collagen. The available data point to the disparity that exists between the physical status of hepatocytes and their biochemical function, which suggests that the remaining metabolically fatigued hepatocytes of the cirrhotic liver continue to biosynthesize and release elevated concentrations of some secretable APR proteins and less of others. Changes in the spectrum of APR plasma components during the progression of inflammatory or physical lesion remain a valid biochemical measure of the pathological function of the acutely intoxicated liver. Partial hepatectomy (PH) of cirrhotic liver displayed a mute APR and no regenerative activity of the remnant hepatic tissue, most likely due to the substantial depletion of hepatic DNA and possible chemical damage to DNA of the remaining viable hepatocytes. A possible cause for the depressed APR to the surgical insult of PH is that the initial azathioprine-CCl4 intoxication had maximally affected APR gene expression and a second injury would then elicit minimal further changes in mRNA levels. Thus, in a compounded pathological condition, the initial inflammatory stimulus on various pre-rRNAs, rRNAs, and mRNAs is rate-limiting to the hepatic biosynthesis and secretion of APR proteins and may not respond linearly, if at all, to a second stimulus.
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PMID:Acute-phase response in rat to carbon tetrachloride-azathioprine induced cirrhosis and partial hepatectomy of cirrhotic liver. 861 26

In a previous study in dogs with chronic liver disease it was found that a combination of clinical features and laboratory findings was useful in differentiating liver diseases but could not be used to evaluate a dog's prognosis. When an electrophoretic analysis of the serum proteins was included, marked decreases in the concentrations of albumin and the alpha-globulins alpha-1-antitrypsin and haptoglobin were observed in terminal liver cirrhosis, indicating impaired liver function. However, low albumin concentrations, together with normal or increased concentrations of alpha-1-antitrypsin and haptoglobin, were observed in dogs which, although severely depressed when examined, often recovered and survived for a year or more.
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PMID:Serum protein electrophoresis as a prognostic marker of chronic liver disease in dogs. 896 72

We investigated the long-term efficacy and the contraindications of single-session percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) under general anesthesia in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). One hundred patients were treated from October, 1991, to April, 1996: 24 patients had a single capsulated HCC, 4.5 to 10 cm phi (group A); 62 had a single infiltrating tumor or multiple lesions (3 to 6), with 10 cm maximum phi (group B); 14 patients were in an advanced stage because of Child class C or of infiltrating tumors with portal thrombosis, with 14 cm lesion maximum phi (group C). Group A patients were treated because they were not operable or refused surgery. Three to 22 injections were performed (mean: 13) depending on tumor size and ethanol spread. The maximum injected volume of ethanol was 190 ml (mean: 57 ml). The procedure took 20 to 50 minutes (mean: 30 minutes). The mean hospital stay was 3.5 days. Tumor necrosis was complete in 58% of encapsulated tumors and > 70% in infiltrating lesions. The greatest lesion with complete post-PEI necrosis was 8.2 cm phi. A transient and variable increase in transaminase, bilirubin, white cell and D-dimer levels and a decrease in red cell, platelet, hemoglobin, fibrinogen and haptoglobin levels were observed. These changes were due to hepatic cell necrosis, hemolysis and focal thrombosis. One death (bleeding esophageal varices in the Child C patient)(1%) and four major complications (one peritoneal bleeding, one liver decompensation, two chemical segmentectomies with pain)(4%) were observed. 1, 2, 3 year survival rates for groups A, B and C were: 80, 63, 63%; 70, 50, 30% and 58, 14 and 0% respectively. In our experience, PEI was an efficacious procedure. The risk conditions are: superficial lesion site with severe coagulation defects, severe portal and/or pulmonary hypertension, esophageal varices at risk of bleeding, cardiac ischemia, advanced cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Single-session alcohol administration for hepatocarcinoma]. 942 44

Comprehensive analysis of the contribution of genetic factors into predisposition to alcoholic toxic cirrhosis (TC) was performed. The ABO, RH, HP, TF, GC, PI, ACP1, PGM1, ESD, GLO1, and GST1 genetic polymorphisms were compared in 34- to 59-year-old male TC patients and control donors of the same sex and age. The phenotypic frequencies in the TC group deviated from the theoretically expected values; the main difference was the excess of rare homozygotes for the loci GC, ACP1, ESD, and GLO1. In the TC patients, the observed heterozygosity (Ho) was considerably lower than the theoretically expected value (H(e)). Wright's fixation index (F) in the TC patients was 30 times higher than in the control group (0.0888 and 0.0027, respectively). The frequencies of PI*Z and PI*S, the PI alleles that are responsible for lower concentrations of proteinase inhibitor, were 12 and 6 times higher in the TC than in the control group. The TC patients exhibited a significantly higher frequency of the liver glutathione-S-transferase GST1*0 allele, whereas the GST1*2 frequency was two times higher in the control subjects than in the TC patients (0.2522 and 0.0953, respectively). The TC and control groups showed statistically significant differences in the frequencies of the following alleles of six independent loci: ABO*0, TF*C1, TF*C2, PI*M1, PI*Z, ACP1*C, PGM1*1+, PGM1*1-, PGM1*2-, GST1*0, and GST1*2. The haptoglobin level was significantly higher and the serum transferrin level was drastically lower in all phenotypic groups of TC patients than in control subjects. The concentrations of IgM and IgG depended on the HP, GC, and PI phenotypes. The total and direct reacting bilirubin concentrations depended on the erythrocytic-enzyme phenotypes (ACP1, PGM1, and GLO1) in both TC and control groups.
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PMID:[Genetic predisposition to development of toxic liver cirrhosis caused by alcohol]. 1143 64


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