Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study is based on the assay of four markers (AFP, CEA, TPA, Ca 19-9) using IRMA methods in 36 normal subjects, 44 cirrhosis and 66 HCC patients. Parametric and non parametric tests were used to test differences and correlations. ROC curves and discriminant functions were also elaborated. Normal 95% "cut-off" was determined by the "boostrap" method yielding: CEA 3.4 ng/ml; Ca 19-9 55 U/ml; TPA 58U/l and AFP 5.2 ng/ml. In HCC patients the values of the four markers were, on average, significantly different from those of normal subjects. However, only AFP and TPA exhibited high diagnostic accuracy (90%) for detection of the tumor. Higher than normal mean values for all markers were, also observed in cirrhotic patients. Only AFP yielded effective discrimination between HCC and cirrhosis. The positive prediction for the presence of the tumor on cirrhotic ground was 95% for AFP values higher than 18.5 ng/ml, with a 78% negative predictive value with a 6 ng/ml threshold. Association of AFP with TPA showed only a marginal diagnostic improvement. Results were not improved at all by combining CEA and Ca 19-9 with AFP and/or TPA. In conclusion, AFP is and remains the best marker for HCC and the only one effective in discriminating of HCC from cirrhosis. TPA may be considered a valid alternative if cirrhosis is not present. CEA and Ca19-9 are of no use.
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PMID:AFP, CEA, CA 19-9 and TPA in hepatocellular carcinoma. 170 5

It is suggested that during active phases of acute and chronic pancreatitis (aP and cP) a major breakdown of extracellular matrix occurs. Since our group previously established that serum levels of the precollagen-III-peptide (P-III-P) are good markers for changes in the extracellular matrix in liver disease (e.g. fibrosis and cirrhosis), we investigated whether this would also serve as a possible marker for pancreatitis. A total of 52 patients with pancreatitis were studied (aP = 17; cP = 35) and compared to 194 controls. Diagnosis of pancreatitis was done on the basis of established classifications. Concomitant diseases, e.g. of the liver, were excluded. Serum levels of P-III-P (three assays with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies and Fab-Fragments), hyaluronic acid (HA) and laminin (LAM) were measured by RIA or IRMA. Patients with pancreatitis displayed elevated levels in all groups, when compared with the controls. Since the P-III-P-Fab RIA measures the Col1-fragment by 50%, which is considered to be a degradation product of P-III-P, this could mean that neogenesis of collagen is paralleled by degradation during the initial course of an acute episode of pancreatitis. The ratio (quotient) of P-III-P-Fab and P-III-PMoAb (nl = 127.3 +/- 27) is changed in patients with pancreatitis towards P-III-P-Fab (aP: 115.4 +/- 84.7*, cP: 94.9 +/- 21.8*, cP-I: 89.3 +/- 9.2*; * = p = 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Parameters of connective tissue metabolism as markers in acute and chronic pancreatitis. A retrospective study with a cohort of normal subjects]. 195 31

Elevated serum calcitonin (SC) levels have been observed in cirrhotic patients although the biological activity of this hormone in such patients is not known. Twenty one patients diagnosed histologically of alcoholic hepatic cirrhosis (AC) and 12 healthy controls were studied evaluating the degree of hepatocellular failure by means of clinical and biological criteria. Serum calcitonin was determined by means of a radioimmuno assay (RIA) and a radioimmunometric assay (IRMA) in which by combining two monoclonal antibodies, mature calcitonin is determined. These levels almost correspond to levels of biologically active calcitonin. The results obtained show a significant increase in SC in patients with AC when compared to controls, both by RIA (280 +/- 197 pg/ml, p less than 0.001) and IRMA (18 +/- 6 pg/ml, p less than 0.01). Control values were 57 +/- 23 pg/ml and 12 +/- 7 pg/ml respectively. Mean SC values in cirrhotic patients obtained by RIA were 4.9 times greater than their controls while the increase in SC in cirrhotics determined by IRMA was 1.5 times the control, thus obtaining a significant direct correlation between SC and severity of hepatic failure. According to our results, the elevated SC found in cirrhotics is mainly due to immature or non active forms directly related with the degree of severity of the hepatic failure and probably to high Molecular Weight molecules. The slight increase in mature SC in this type of patients is probably due to hormonal mechanism of bone regulation, defendants of hepatic osteodystrophy.
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PMID:[Heterogeneity of calcitonin in liver cirrhosis]. 260 81

We have developed and employed a second generation monoclonal immunoradiometric assay (M2-IRMA) using antibodies of high affinity for epitopes that reside on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). This assay is capable of detecting as little as 15 pg/ml of HBsAg in serum. Improvements in sensitivity over a first generation immunoradiometric assay (MI-IRMA) was achieved by increasing the sample volume and time of incubation, and subjecting the reaction to a mechanical rotary devise. We then studied 164 subjects with chronic hepatitis, 105 with cirrhosis, 67 with hepatocellular carcinoma, six with acute hepatitis A, seven with acute hepatitis B, 167 chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 235 healthy individuals from Japan and compared the results of the M2-IRMA to a conventional polyclonal radioimmunoassay (P-RIA). By using a more sensitive assay design (M2-IRMA), a significant number of additional cases of HBV infection heretofore unsuspected in the etiology of chronic liver disease were identified. We conclude that improvement in assay sensitivity for HBsAg is important in the serologic diagnosis of HBV in patients with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Development of a second generation monoclonal immunoradiometric assay. Increased sensitivity leads to enhanced detection of hepatitis B viral infection. 284 94

Sandwich radioimmunometric assay (ErbB-2 IRMA 'Eiken') was developed to determine the levels of c-erbB-2 oncogene product (ErbB-2 protein) in human sera, and a clinical investigation was carried out to evaluate this novel oncogene product. The mean serum concentration of the ErbB-2 protein determined from 364 donors was 4.0 +/- 0.69 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) for females and 4.5 +/- 0.96 ng/ml for males. Cut-off values were set at 5.4 ng/ml for females and 6.5 ng/ml for males. The positivities of serum ErbB-2 protein in patients with breast carcinoma were 13.0% for primary cases and 47.9% for recurrent cases. Patients with hepatic disorders also had positive serum ErbB-2 protein levels, ie, 43.8% (7/16) for hepatocellular carcinoma and 28.9% (11/38) for hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, although the increase was slight and barely exceeded 10 ng/ml. In comparison with the levels of other tumor markers, such as CEA, CA 15-3 and NCC-ST 439, the serum ErbB-2 level was shown to have poor correlations, and was thus assumed to be useful for combination with those tumor markers. In serial determinations of serum ErbB-2 protein in two patients with recurrent breast carcinoma, the antigen increased preceding the increases in the other tumor markers, thereby also showing usefulness as a monitoring marker for breast carcinoma. In conclusion, these results indicated that ErbB-2 measurement improves the assessment of breast cancer in combination with other tumor markers and is useful as a tool for monitoring the clinical condition and the response for treatment in breast cancer.
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PMID:[Clinical study of serum ErbB-2 protein using sandwich radioimmunometric assay (ErbB-2 IRMA 'Eiken')]. 791 12

Over 50% of children with established cirrhosis have evidence of growth failure and malnutrition. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is a successful treatment for many children and leads to improved growth and nutrition. Most of the anabolic actions of GH are mediated through the generation of the mitogenic polypeptide insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Although this is synthesised ubiquitously, the bulk of circulating IGF-I is derived from the liver. The actions of IGF-I are modulated by a family of at least six high-affinity binding proteins (IGFBPs). Growth failure in end-stage liver disease, both before and after OLT, may result from abnormalities in the IGF-IGFBP axis. Children who had undergone successful OLT were studied before and after OLT. Anthropometry was measured by standard techniques. Serum IGFs, IGFBPs and acid labile subunit (ALS) were measured by RIA, IRMA, ELISA, Western ligand and immunoblotting. The most severely affected anthropometric parameters were skin fold thickness and mid-arm circumference. After OLT there was a marked improvement in these parameters. Chronic liver disease was characterised by low serum IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-3 and ALS levels with raised IGFBP-1 and -2 levels. Serum IGFBP-1 and -2 were negatively correlated with pre-OLT anthropometric parameters. After OLT, there was a rapid normalisation of serum IGF-I, while IGF-II and IGFBP-3 overshot to supranormal levels. ALS levels post-OLT remained below control levels. By 3 years post-OLT, IGFBP-3 had fallen to levels which were insignificantly different from controls. IGFBP-1 fell but remained above normal, while there was no significant change in IGFBP-2. Growth post-OLT correlated positively with serum IGF-I and negatively with IGFBP-1. In conclusion, chronic liver disease is associated with marked changes in body composition. These changes are associated with and may be caused by an impaired generation of IGF-I and altered production of IGFBPs. After OLT there is a marked improvement in growth associated with partial normalisation of the IGF-IGFBP axis. However, there are persistent abnormalities in this axis which may explain growth failure post-OLT.
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PMID:The insulin-like growth factor and binding protein axis in children with end-stage liver disease before and after orthotopic liver transplantation. 1008 65