Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies were made on the oncogenic response of 3086 young chicks to i.v. inoculation of MC29 avian leukosis virus from blood plasma of previous-passage birds or the supernatant fluid of cultures of chick embryo cells infected with strain MC29. Among the large variety of neoplasms of other tissues previously described, there occurred a high incidence of primary growths of the liver. Pathomorphology of the growths frequently differed greatly in both different hosts and the same bird, but some uniformity of the types of neoplasms was evident in many animals. Despite much variation in histopathology, the large proportion of growths could be grouped in several distinctive categories. Examinations by light and electron microscopy provided evidence of derivation of the tumors by alteration of hepatocytes originating principally in the portal regions as indicated by forms transitional from the parenchymal cells to the cells of the different types of growths. Neoplastic aspects of the growths were evident by infiltration and invasion of adjacent tissues, penetration of blood vessels, transplantability to other avian hosts (described in another report), and metastasis to distant organs including the lung, kidney, and spleen. There was no evidence of tumors arising from the biliary system, and growths of cells resembling the biliary type could be traced to altered hepatocytes. None of the findings suggested conversion of biliary-type cells to hepatocytes. Continued growth resulted in anaplastic and metaplastic changes in cell morphology and structural organization and in the formation of cartilage, osteoid, and sarcoma-like spindle-cell tumors of probable epithelial origin. Development of the growths wasnot associated with cirrhosis, and necrosis was limited to infrequent disseminated, essentially unicellular changes or necrobiosis of small groups of cells. The marked variations in the type of virus-induced growths demonstrated the remarkable capacity of cells morphologically inidistinguishable from the hepatocytes for the most diverse alterations in cell structure and tissue organization. This neoplastic response of hepatocytes to the MC29 strain constitutes the only demonstration thus far of the specific hepatocarcinogenic activity of an avian tumor virus.
 ...
PMID:Neoplastic response of the avian liver to host infection with strain Mc29 leukosis verus. 16 81

A retrospective analysis of 194 patients who underwent hepatic resection for primary or metastatic malignant disease from January 1962 to December 1988 was undertaken to determine variables that might aid the selection of patients for hepatic resection. Hepatic metastases were the indication for resection in 126 patients. The 5-year survival rate was 17 per cent. For patients with resected metastases from colorectal cancer (n = 104), the survival rate at 5 years was 18 per cent. The 5-year survival rate was 27 per cent when the resection margin was > 5 mm compared with 9 per cent when the margin was < or = 5 mm (P < 0.01). No patient with extrahepatic invasion, lymphatic spread, involvement of the resection margin or gross residual disease survived to 5 years, compared with a 23 per cent 5-year survival rate for patients undergoing curative resection (P < 0.02). The survival rate of patients with poorly differentiated primary tumours was nil at 3 years compared with a 20 per cent 5-year survival rate for patients with well or moderately differentiated tumours (P not significant). The site and Dukes' classification of the primary tumour, the sex and preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level of the patient, and the number and size of hepatic metastases did not affect the prognosis. The 5-year survival rate for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 42) was 25 per cent. An improved survival rate was found for patients whose alpha-fetoprotein level was normal (37 per cent at 5 years) compared with those having a raised level (nil at 3 years) (P < 0.01). Involvement of the resection margin, extrahepatic spread and spread to regional lymph nodes were associated with an 8 per cent 5-year survival rate versus 44 per cent for curative resection (P < 0.005). The presence of cirrhosis, the presence of symptoms, and the multiplicity and size of the tumour did not affect the prognosis. The 5-year survival rate of 11 patients with hepatic sarcoma was 25 per cent. No patient with peripheral cholangiocarcinoma survived to 1 year in contrast to patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma, all four of whom survived for more than 14 months.
 ...
PMID:Survival after hepatic resection for malignant tumours. 133 Jan 97

On the occasion of a hitherto unique observation of three hepatocellular carcinomas in workers of the same industrial plant within 7 years following long-term exposure to vinylchloride, the characteristics are discussed of a chemical carcinogenesis leading to two different malignant tumours: haemangiosarcoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. This carcinogenic sequence has been predicted by animal studies. It is not known why the transformation of hepatocytes into carcinoma is far rarer than of sinusoidal cells into sarcoma. Whereas the hepatocellular carcinoma predominantly develops in association with cirrhosis, vinyl chloride is able to cause cancer directly without other known co-carcinogenic agents. This hepatic carcinogenicity is dose-dependent. After the introduction of industrial prevention measures, a new initiation of the tumour is improbable. Nevertheless, because of its long latency period, estimated between 5 and 20 years, clinical manifestations are still possible. An early diagnosis by sonography and computertomography, possibly combined with puncture, in exposed persons or those formerly at high risk is conceivable, while laboratory data, even tumour markers are unreliable. Its fulminant course does not differ from that of other hepatocellular carcinomas and has until now hindered successful treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Vinyl chloride induced hepatocellular carcinoma]. 298 2

Cure of primary liver tumours remains possible only by surgery and early diagnosis will therefore continue to be important; the value of regular screening of cirrhotic patients for development of HCC by ultrasound scanning and estimation of AFP is now established. Prognosis of irresectable HCC depends largely on the general condition of the patient at the time of diagnosis and is better in the absence of cirrhosis. Radiotherapy has little role in the management of patients with HCC, but benefit with acceptable morbidity may be obtained from parenteral chemotherapy, with doxorubicin or its derivatives used as single agents, or with a combination of 5-FU and methyl-CCNU. There may be advantage from regional therapy given via the hepatic artery and early results from the combination of embolization with arterial doxorubicin are encouraging. The use of radiolabelled antibodies to tumour-related determinants of hormonal manipulation show promise. Worthwhile results from the non-surgical management of peripheral (intrahepatic) cholangiocarcinoma and primary hepatic sarcoma remain scarce. Isolated hepatic metastases from colorectal primaries may be resectable; for those that are not, results from regional chemotherapy with 5-FU or FUDR are encouraging, but cost and high morbidity currently limit more general application.
 ...
PMID:Chemotherapy and radiotherapy of malignant hepatic tumours. 303 57

A literature review shows that porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), and possibly acute intermittent porphyria also, tend to occur more often than expected among cases of primary liver cancer, especially when cirrhosis is present. Lymphomas and PCT may be related also, although this is less well documented. Furthermore, there is an interesting report on a case of PCT, sarcoma and probable exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin. Exposure to hexachlorobenzene (HCB) as a cause of cancer in humans does not seem to have been reported, however, but exposure to this compound and other chlorinated aromatics should be included in future observations of PCT and cancer. The possibilities for good epidemiological studies of HCB exposure in relation to cancer and other effects seem to be limited although some guidelines can be given.
 ...
PMID:A review of porphyria and cancer and the missing link with human exposure to hexachlorobenzene. 329 38

The German Thorotrast Study includes 5159 Thorotrast patients and 5160 control patients. 887 Thorotrast patients and 660 control patients could be clinically and biophysically examined and followed-up. The mean age at injection or hospitalization in the case of the control group was 28 yr. The mean injected volume of Thorotrast was calculated to be 24.7 ml and the X-ray films of 249 Thorotrast patients showed paravascular deposits. In the meantime 432 Thorotrast patients and 122 patients of the control group have died. Among the deceased patients we have registered (Thorotrast vs control): hepatic tumors 152/0; myeloproliferative diseases 10/0; Hodgkin's diseases 2/0; non-Hodgkin's lymphomas 5/1; bronchogenic carcinomas 13/6; pleural mesothelioma 1/0; bone sarcoma 1/1(?); sarcoma at injection site 1/0; hepatic cirrhosis 90/6; bone marrow failure 8/1; other neoplastic diseases 46/19; other non-neoplastic diseases 151/88. The cumulative incidence of liver tumors depends on the dose rate to liver tissue and is not influenced by the age at injection. A dose effect relationship for the myeloproliferative diseases is not yet apparent.
 ...
PMID:Recent results of the German Thorotrast study--epidemiological results and dose effect relationships in Thorotrast patients. 686 7

Four patients had resection for primary hepatic sarcoma: one with malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), two with poorly differentiated fibrosarcoma, and one with leiomyosarcoma. Age ranged from 40 to 69 years. One patient had a cousin and a grandmother who had died of hepatic tumors. At presentation, all patients had pain; one had tumor rupture, and one had mental changes and hypoglycemia. None had hepatitis or cirrhosis. Results of laboratory evaluation were nonspecific, including normal carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-fetoprotein levels. Computed tomography showed hypodense masses with enhancement. Angiography showed a hypervascular mass in three patients and an avascular mass in the patient with MFH. Despite large tumors (8 to 32 cm), portal and hepatic veins were not invaded. The pattern of vascularization and lack of venous invasion helps differentiate primary hepatic sarcomas from hepatocellular carcinoma, especially in noncirrhotic patients. All patients had extensive hepatic resections, with one operative death. Immunohistochemical stains of the tumors were positive for vimentin but negative for epithelial markers, differentiating these lesions from other hepatic tumors. The patient with MFH died with recurrence at 10 1/2 months. The patient with the ruptured fibrosarcoma had a second resection and chemotherapy, but died with recurrence at 3 years. The patient with the leiomyosarcoma had a second resection and was disease free at 4 years. Resection of primary hepatic sarcoma is warranted, with potential survival measured in years.
 ...
PMID:Resection of primary hepatic malignant fibrous histiocytoma, fibrosarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma. 751 Sep 7

Six cases of hepatic sarcoma are reported: leiomyosarcoma in two, malignant fibrous histiocytoma in two malignant hemagiopericytoma in one and fibrosarcoma in one. In addition to the routine paraffin section and HE stain, immuno-histochemical studies with antibodies against vimentin, EMA, CK, S100, ACT, AAT, desmin, AFP, lysozyme and factor VIII and Masson trichrome staining and argyrophilia staining were done. AFP was negative in all 6 patients and the primary sarcoma was characterized by the absence of accompanying liver cirrhosis. The diagnosis, histogenesis and prognosis of primary liver sarcoma are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Primary sarcoma of the liver]. 795 5

Acute (hepatitis) and chronic (cirrhosis) liver injuries were experimentally induced in BALB/c-mice by administration of D-galactosamine and carbon tetrachloride, respectively. In both experimental liver diseases the incidence of hepatic tumor colonization of sarcoma L-1 was significantly reduced as compared to non-treated control animals. Thus, it seems that either dysfunction or loss of organ-characteristic lectins (galactosyl-specific hepatic lectins) prevented liver colonization. Histochemical staining of liver sections from D-galactosamine or carbon tetrachloride-treated mice with appropriate galactose-containing (neo)glycoproteins supported this hypothesis, since the lectin-dependent binding was greatly reduced as compared to sections from non-treated animals.
 ...
PMID:Hepatocellular injury inhibits lectin-mediated tumor colonization into BALB/c-mice livers. 833 80

Administration of vitamins or metals may cause severe side effects. Retinoids (derivatives of vitamin A) used for the treatment of various skin disorders are teratogenic, hepatotoxic and may induce a substantial increase in serum lipids. A case report demonstrates that vitamin D supplementation in a patient under total parenteral nutrition can cause hypercalcemia. The isolated administration of vitamin B1, without concomitant vitamin B6 and nicotinamide may precipitate potentially life-threatening pellagra encephalopathy. Repeat blood transfusions may produce clinically overt organ hemosiderosis, e.g. cirrhosis of the liver, diabetes mellitus or myocardiopathy. The literature contains reports on a few cases of sarcoma associated with orthopedic metal implants. The controversial issue of the potential dangers of dental amalgams is briefly mentioned.
 ...
PMID:[Vitamins and metals: possible hazards for humans]. 866 74


1 2 Next >>