Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A decrease of platelet agglutination induced by ristocetin has been described in cirrhotic patients. In order to investigate the relationship of such phenomenon with a putative defect on platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib, we have studied the quantitative and functional status of Gp Ib in eleven severe alcoholic cirrhotic patients, and the ability of their formalin-fixed platelets to agglutinate in the presence of normal plasma plus ristocetin. Interestingly, we found a significant decrease of immunoreactive GP Ib molecules (9,978 +/- 1,534 vs. 17,064 +/- 404 molecules per platelet) and ristocetin-dependent binding of vWF (9,113 +/- 1,338 vs. 13,992 +/- 1,968 molecules per platelet) (P < 0.01) in comparison to the levels found in a control group of healthy subjects. Immunoblotting analysis of platelet lysates confirmed the reduction of GP Ib level in cirrhotic patients, but showed no modification on the precipitation pattern of this glycoprotein. The ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination (light transmission %) was also significantly lower in patients with cirrhosis (48 +/- 7.6 vs. 92 +/- 3.6, P < 0.01), and correlated with the binding of normal vWF (r = 0.863, P = 0.0013). Patients with bleeding times longer than 7 min and/or clinical history of bleeding episodes showed the lowest values of platelet agglutination and GP Ib level. In conclusion, our present results indicate that liver cirrhosis is associated with a relevant decrease of functional GP Ib molecules on the platelet surface. This reduction might be related to the prolongation of bleeding time and to the bleeding diathesis observed in cirrhotic patients.
 ...
PMID:Quantitative defect of glycoprotein Ib in severe cirrhotic patients. 825 6

Serum cholinesterase (ChE) (E.C. 3.1.1.8) is a glycoprotein which has 36 potential sites of asparagine-N-linked sugar chains. The structures of oligosaccharides released from ChE on hydrazinolysis were studied by serial lectin affinity column chromatography, exoglycosidase digestion, and methylation analysis. Seventy-three % of the sugar chains occurred as biantennary oligosaccharides and the remainder as C-2 and C-2,4/C-2,6 branched tri- and tetraantennary oligosaccharides. Several percentages of the Lewis X antigenic determinant and fucosylated mannose core were linked to them, and their sialic acid residues were linked to nonreducing terminal galactose residues at the C-3 and C-6 positions. Aleuria aurantia lectin-reactive ChE with the Lewis X antigenic determinant increased in hepatocellular carcinomas and liver cirrhosis compared with chronic hepatitis; on the other hand, Aleuria aurantia lectin-reactive ChE did not change significantly after transcatheter arterial embolization and was not related to the serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with hepatocellular carcinomas. Accordingly, the analysis of Aleuria aurantia lectin-reactive ChE is clinically useful for differentiating liver cirrhosis from chronic hepatitis and to identify high risk groups for hepatocellular carcinomas, i.e., cirrhotic patients in Child's A grade.
 ...
PMID:Increase of fucosylated serum cholinesterase in relation to high risk groups for hepatocellular carcinomas. 826 62

Laminin, a glycoprotein synthesised by Ito cells, has been considered a marker of fibrogenesis. The behaviour of laminin and clinical and laboratory data in 83 patients with cirrhosis were studied to find the factors associated with increases in this glycoprotein. There were increased concentrations of laminin in 62.7% of the patients (40% of the Child's A, 64.5% of the Child's B, and 75% of the Child's C categories). Significant differences in laminin concentrations were found between the Child's grades (p = 0.009) and between patients and controls (p < 0.0001). Correlations were found between laminin concentrations and mean corpuscular volume, aspartate aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase: alanine aminotransferase ratio, alkaline phosphatase activity, bilirubin and glycocholic acid concentrations, and hypoalbuminaemia--that is, variables related to liver insufficiency and alcohol intake. Moreover, patients with an alcohol intake higher than 100 g/day had higher laminin concentrations than those with a lower intake (p = 0.03). Conversely, there was no significant association with portal hypertension. Multivariate analysis showed that mean corpuscular volume, bilirubin concentrations, and hypoalbuminaemia were independently associated with laminin concentrations. Poor degradation associated with liver insufficiency seems to play an important part in the increase in serum laminin concentrations in these patients.
 ...
PMID:Serum concentrations of laminin in cirrhosis of the liver. 834 86

In this study, we examined the platelet von Willebrand factor (vWF)-binding domain in patients with liver cirrhosis. Direct binding studies were performed with the monoclonal antibody (mab) AN51 with specificity for the glycoprotein (GP) lb alpha. Specific binding of AN51 to intact washed platelets was monitored by an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Half-maximum binding to intact washed platelets occurred at concentrations as low as 94 +/- 24 ng/ml; N = 12). Binding saturation analysis of with AN51 revealed a more than fifty percent reduction of AN51-binding sites (p < 0.001) in cirrhosis (N = 13) as compared to sex- and age-matched healthy controls (N = 12). These data demonstrate an impairment of the platelet surface vWF-binding domain in patients with liver cirrhosis. The resulting defect in primary haemostasis, i.e. the vWF-mediated attachment of platelets to the exposed subendothelium, is expected to contribute to the increased risk of haemorrhagic complications in these patients.
 ...
PMID:Platelets from patients with liver cirrhosis exhibit a defect in the von Willebrand factor-binding domain. 838 82

A cancer-associated, high-molecular-weight glycoprotein antigen (6B3.Ag) recognized by monoclonal antibody 6B3 was purified from culture medium of human large cell lung carcinoma cell line (HLC-2) and characterized biochemically and immunochemically. The 6B3.Ag was purified more than 1,200-fold with a yield of 30% by salting out, precipitation by acidification at pH 4.5, and chromatographies on Sepharose 4B and concanavalin A-Sepharose. The molecular weight of 6B3.Ag is approximately 1,000,000 and the molecule is a homodecamer of 94,000 subunits. The 6B3.Ag is a glycoprotein containing 22.9% sugars, consisting of both N- and O-glycoside chains. The N-terminal 19 amino acids were determined and only 4 out of 19 amino acid residues were different from those of an antigen, L3, secreted by lung carcinoma cell line Calu-1. The serum level of 6B3.Ag was determined in normal adults as well as patients with various diseases by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mean serum level of 6B3.Ag was 3.1 micrograms/ml, ranging from 1.6 to 6.2 micrograms/ml in 131 healthy adults. When the cut-off value was set at 6.2 micrograms/ml, the incidence of positive values in the sera was elevated not only in malignant diseases such as hepatoma (73%) and leukemia (62%), but also in benign diseases such as chronic hepatitis (42%) and liver cirrhosis (63%). While the incidence of positive values was elevated in advanced liver diseases, namely, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatoma, the cancer specificity of 6B3.Ag did not appear to be high.
 ...
PMID:Detailed characterization of a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein secreted by lung cancer cells. 840 67

Alpha-1-antitrypsin is a glycoprotein which inactivates proteolytic enzymes, especially neutrophil elastase. Infants deficient in this enzyme commonly develop neonatal hepatitis. In adults, the deficiency typically results in emphysema. Only rarely will an adult manifest liver disease. We present a case of adult liver cirrhosis due to Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in a 63-year-old man. Manifestations of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and liver disease are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: rare cause of adult cirrhosis--a case report. 842 51

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most important causes of chronic liver disease. HBV is a DNA virus with an external glycoprotein surface and an internal nucleocapsid which contains the viral genome. HBV infection is revealed by the appearance of specific markers. Some of these markers are well known and their presence in serum is important to understand the behaviour of the disease. Among them HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBe are found in serum, so as anti-Core; the HBcAg may be found in hepatic tissue and marks infectivity and virus replication. In the few last years some new antigens and antibodies have been studied and their importance in diagnosis and follow-up of hepatitis has been recognized. HBxAg, Pre-S and DNA-Polymerase (Pol) seem to be specific and early signals of viral replication. More studies showed the trans-activating properties of HBxAg; actually the X protein seems to be involved in replicative cycle of HBV. Many Authors also demonstrated a relationship between the presence of X in serum and/or liver and the progression of disease to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The Pol antigen and its antibody seem to be very common markers of HBV infection in serum of patients with hepatitis. Moreover their presence is the only signal of viral infection in some patients which have no other marker of HBV. More studies are of course needed to exactly establish the significance of these new markers and their importance for diagnosis and prognosis of HBV infection.
 ...
PMID:[Hepatitis B virus: new markers and their immunology]. 848 26

Irreversible liver cirrhosis was induced in rats by supplementing their diet with 0.02% azathioprine and intubating them twice a week with carbon tetrachloride in corn oil. Over period of 3 mo, intoxicated rats showed an atypical acute-phase reaction (APR). The relative concentrations of haptoglobin, beta-lipoprotein, alpha-1-antitrypsin, an unknown peak "X, " and transferrin increased exponentially following a mild initial drop, while albumin, C3c + C3, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, alpha-1-lipoprotein, and macroglobulin declined continually during the experiment. The accumulated peritoneal fluid was found to contain a similar spectrum of APR proteins. On the other hand, histological examination revealed gradual liver damage manifested as a gradual increase in the areas of collagen separating liver cells, and at the end of the experiment, severe liver damage was evident with isolated hepatocytes in a matrix of collagen. The available data point to the disparity that exists between the physical status of hepatocytes and their biochemical function, which suggests that the remaining metabolically fatigued hepatocytes of the cirrhotic liver continue to biosynthesize and release elevated concentrations of some secretable APR proteins and less of others. Changes in the spectrum of APR plasma components during the progression of inflammatory or physical lesion remain a valid biochemical measure of the pathological function of the acutely intoxicated liver. Partial hepatectomy (PH) of cirrhotic liver displayed a mute APR and no regenerative activity of the remnant hepatic tissue, most likely due to the substantial depletion of hepatic DNA and possible chemical damage to DNA of the remaining viable hepatocytes. A possible cause for the depressed APR to the surgical insult of PH is that the initial azathioprine-CCl4 intoxication had maximally affected APR gene expression and a second injury would then elicit minimal further changes in mRNA levels. Thus, in a compounded pathological condition, the initial inflammatory stimulus on various pre-rRNAs, rRNAs, and mRNAs is rate-limiting to the hepatic biosynthesis and secretion of APR proteins and may not respond linearly, if at all, to a second stimulus.
 ...
PMID:Acute-phase response in rat to carbon tetrachloride-azathioprine induced cirrhosis and partial hepatectomy of cirrhotic liver. 861 26

Serum hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) levels are increased in patients with liver diseases. HGF has been recently reported to stimulate production of acute phase proteins such as alpha 2-macroglobulin and albumin of hepatocytes in primary culture. To clarify whether serum HGF concentrations have any relation to concentrations of acute phase proteins, we measured serum HGF and acute phase proteins in chronic liver diseases where the synthesis of many plasma proteins is decreased with the decline of liver function. Eighty three patients with chronic liver diseases and 20 normal individuals were examined for serum HGF, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AG) and alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-MG). Mean values for serum HGF in chronic hepatitis (CH), liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were 0.37, 0.79 and 0.66 ng/mL, which were significantly higher than those in controls (p < 0.05, p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). The levels of CRP increased in parallel with the progression of chronic liver diseases. Levels of alpha 2-MG were not changed in patients with CH Or LC, while those in patients with HCC were significantly higher than in controls or LC (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Serum HGF showed a positive correlation with CRP and a negative correlation with albumin. However, no relations between HGF and alpha 2-MG were observed. These data suggest that serum levels of acute phase proteins such as albumin and alpha 2-MG are more closely associated with the degree of hepatic dysfunction than serum HGF levels.
 ...
PMID:Hepatocyte growth factor and acute phase proteins in patients with chronic liver diseases. 872 5

We here show the application of mRNA differential display to investigate changes in gene expression in rat liver cirrhosis and address problems inherent in the technique when applied to this complex disease model. A number of differentially expressed mRNA species could be identified and two were analyzed in more detail here. One was found to derive from a new gene while the other corresponded to fetuin, a 41 kDa N-glycoprotein that specifically inhibits tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor when phosphorylated. Fetuin expression was reduced by 45% in liver cirrhosis induced by bile duct ligation, but not in cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride/Phenobarbital, as compared to controls. Our results raise the possibility that fetuin plays a regulatory role in the proliferation of parenchymal liver cells.
 ...
PMID:Application of mRNA differential display to liver cirrhosis: reduced fetuin expression in biliary cirrhosis in the rat. 875 72


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>