Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Activities of red cell glutathione-dependent enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GP), glutathione reductase, and glutathione transferase (GT), were measured in 70 children suffering from chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis with various forms and activities of the conditions. Manifest changes in GP and GT activities were revealed. Measurements of GT activities are recommended for assessment of the liver process severity and for early detection of the liver detoxifying function stress.
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PMID:[The activity of the glutathione-dependent enzymes of erythrocytes in chronic liver diseases in children]. 170 92

1. The activities of microsomal glucuronyltransferase and thiomethyltransferase, and those of cytosolic sulphotransferase, acetyltransferase, glutathione transferase and thiomethyltransferase were measured in abnormal (cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis) and normal livers. 2. Glucuronyltransferase and sulphotransferase were investigated with 2-naphthol and ethinyloestradiol as substrates. p-Aminobenzoic acid, benzo(a)pyrene-4,5-epoxide and 2-mercaptoethanol were the substrates of acetyltransferase, glutathione transferase and thiomethyltransferase, respectively. 3. Enzyme activities are expressed as nmol min-1 incubation mg-1 protein and the averages (+/- s.d.) are given. With 2-naphthol as substrate, the glucuronyltransferase activity was 6.55 +/- 4.10 (abnormal liver, n = 33) and 7.81 +/- 4.02 (normal liver, n = 26) (NS); whereas sulphotransferase activity was 0.28 +/- 0.18 (abnormal liver, n = 35) and 0.68 +/- 0.43 (normal liver, n = 26) (P less than 0.01). Glucuronyltransferase activity towards ethinyloestradiol was 102.5 +/- 56.9 (abnormal liver, n = 30) and 107 +/- 59.9 (normal liver, n = 26) (NS), whereas sulphotransferase activity was 57.2 +/- 36.0 (abnormal liver, n = 35) and 122 +/- 67.6 (normal liver, n = 28) (P less than 0.01). Acetyltransferase activity was 0.84 +/- 0.83 (abnormal liver, n = 35) and 3.84 +/- 1.65 (normal liver, n = 26) (P less than 0.01). Glutathione transferase activity was 0.83 +/- 0.68 (abnormal liver, n = 35) and 2.90 +/- 1.59 (normal liver, n = 25) (P less than 0.01) and thiomethyltransferase activity was 1.00 +/- 0.69 (abnormal liver, n = 34) and 3.99 +/- 1.49 (normal liver, n = 25) (P less than 0.01). 4. Liver disease lowers the activities towards the substrates studied of sulphotransferase, acetyltransferase, glutathionetransferase and thiomethyltransferase but not that of glucuronyltransferase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Conjugation pathways in liver disease. 222 21

It is shown that chronic hepatobiliary pathology is associated with a fall in spontaneous metabolite conjugation related to reduced concentration of hepatic glutathione. There was also enhanced activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes. This indicates progress of compensatory processes associated with mobilization of detoxication phase 2, i.e. stimulation of conjugation processes under depression of cytochrome P-450 system. The authors ascertain high informative value of hepatic glutathione transferase in assessment of disease activity in patients with chronic active hepatitis and hepatic cirrhosis.
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PMID:[The clinical significance of the liver glutathione system in chronic lesions]. 917 70

Intensive regeneration of cholangia and cholangioles, fibrosis, microglobular cirrhosis, vacuolar and granular dystrophy, and necrosis of hepatocytes were found in the liver of rats 36 days after ligation of the common bile duct. Lipid peroxidation was activated, the activity of the mono-oxidase system was inhibited in maintained function of glucuro- and glutathione transferase. Essentiale (per os in starch mucilage, 1 ml/kg. for 35 days) increased the activity of cytosol glutathione-S-transferase and normalized the decreased blood plasma antioxidant activity. Combination of essentiale with cordiamin (nikethamide) and viatmin E (50 mg/kg for 35 days) considerably activated the mono-oxigenase, glucoro- and glutathione transferase systems of the liver: the free-radical processes became less intense. The structure of the liver improves insignificantly in both methods of treatment.
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PMID:[The action of Essentiale and its combination with cordiamine and vitamin E on the processes of xenobiotic biotransformation and lipid peroxidation and on liver structure in rats with cholestasis]. 957 9

The nonenzymatic conjugation of metabolites is decreased in chronic diseases of the liver, which is caused by decreased concentration of glutathione. The activities of glutathione enzymes are increased, this indicating the development of compensatory processes of mobilization of the second phase of detoxication, that is, increased conjugation under conditions of suppression of the cytochrome P-450 system. Measurement of liver glutathione transferase is a highly informative test for assessing the activity of the pathological process, particularly important in patients with chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver.
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PMID:[Activities of glutathione enzymes in liver biopsy specimens in chronic lesions of hepatocytes]. 962 74

1. The aims of the present study were to assess: (i) the temporal relationships between hepatic lipid peroxidation, changes in the glutathione detoxification system and the onset/development of cirrhosis in CCl4-treated rats; and (ii) the effects of oral zinc administration on these parameters. 2. Cirrhosis was induced in 120 rats by intraperitoneal injections of CCl4 twice a week over 9 weeks. One hundred and twenty additional animals were used as controls. Both groups were further subdivided to receive either a standard diet or one supplemented with zinc. Subsets of 10 animals each were killed at weeks 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9 from the start of the study. 3. Induction of cirrhosis produced a decrease in the components of the hepatic glutathione anti-oxidant system: glutathione transferase activity decreased from week 1, the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) decreased from week 5 and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity decreased from week 7. This impairment was chronologically related to an increase in free radical generation. Hepatic lipid peroxidation was significantly correlated with GPx activity (r = -0.47; P < 0.001) in CCl4-treated rats. Zinc administration did not produce any significant improvement of the hepatic glutathione system. 4. In conclusion, cirrhosis induction in rats by CCl4 administration produced a decrease in the hepatic glutathione antioxidant system that was related to an increase in free radical production. Furthermore, zinc supplementation produced a reduction in the degree of hepatic injury and a normalization of lipid peroxidation, but not an improvement of the hepatic GSH anti-oxidant system.
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PMID:Time-course of changes in hepatic lipid peroxidation and glutathione metabolism in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis. 1097 35

We examined the cellular distribution of glutathione transferase A4 (GSTA4) in various human tissues by indirect immunoperoxidase using a specific polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit. This enzyme was localized in hepatocytes, bile duct cells, and vascular endothelial cells in liver, upper layers of keratinocytes and sebaceous and sweat glands in skin, proximal convoluted tubules in kidney, epithelial cells of mucosa and muscle cells in colon, muscle cells in heart, and neurons in brain. Staining was increased in pathological situations such as cirrhosis, UV-irradiated skin, and myocardial infarction and was strongly decreased in hepatocellular carcinoma. These results strongly support the view of a close correlation between cellular GSTA4 localization and the formation of reactive oxygen species in the tissues investigated.
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PMID:Immunohistological analysis of glutathione transferase A4 distribution in several human tissues using a specific polyclonal antibody. 1172 5

Diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver cancer normally develops in stages that progress from cirrhosis and carcinoma. Increased oxidative stress is suggested to play a role in DEN-induced carcinogenicity. Blueberries (BB) contain high antioxidant capacity. We investigated the effect of BB supplementation on development of DEN-induced cirrhosis and neoplastic lesions in the liver. Rats were injected with DEN (200 mg/kg; i.p.) three times with an interval of 15 days at 4, 6, and 8 weeks and sacrificed 8 weeks after the last DEN injection. They were also fed on 8% BB (w/w) containing chow for 16 weeks. Hepatic damage markers in serum were determined together with hepatic histopathological examinations. Hydroxyproline (HYP), malondialdehyde (MDA), diene conjugate (DC), protein carbonyl (PC), and glutathione (GSH) levels, and CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and their mRNA expressions were measured. Protein and mRNA expressions of glutathione transferase-pi (GST-pi) were evaluated as a marker of preneoplastic lesions. BB supplementation decreased hepatic damage markers in serum and hepatic MDA, DC, and PC levels, but SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities and their mRNA expressions remained unchanged in DEN-treated rats. BB attenuated cirrhotic changes and decreased hepatic HYP levels and GST-pi expressions. Our results indicate that BB is effective in decreasing development of DEN-induced hepatic cirrhosis and preneoplastic lesions by acting as an antioxidant (radical scavenger) itself without affecting activities and mRNA expressions of antioxidant enzymes.
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PMID:Blueberry treatment attenuated cirrhotic and preneoplastic lesions and oxidative stress in the liver of diethylnitrosamine-treated rats. 2668 21