Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case is reported in which non-A, non-B posttransfusion hepatitis was followed serially by chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis that finally developed into hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient died after a 19-year clinical course. During the last 8 years, repeated attempts to identify serum hepatitis B surface antigen, antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen, and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen were consistently negative. Liver biopsy was performed five times during the clinical course, and at autopsy, liver tissue was obtained from four different nontumor regions. These specimens were investigated by a peroxidase immunoenzyme method which failed to detect hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core antigen. Non-A, non-B posttransfusion hepatitis may become chronic and sometimes may advance to hepatocellular carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma after non-A, non-B posttransfusion hepatitis. 609 43

We performed a follow-up study on 70 patients with acute non-A, non-B (NANB) posttransfusion hepatitis and a retrospective study on 283 chronic hepatitis, 70 cirrhosis and 53 hepatocellular carcinoma patients of type NANB. In acute NANB post-transfusion hepatitis, as judged by the transaminase levels, th duration of the disease exceeded 6 months in 46/70 = 65.7% and 1 year in 32/70 = 45.7%. The histological diagnosis of the 32 cases persisting for more than 1 year was chronic active hepatitis in 5, chronic persistent hepatitis in 2 and unresolved hepatitis in 6. The frequency of previous transfusion in chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma of type NANB was 42.8, 37.1 and 15.1%, respectively, whereas the incidence of early posttransfusion hepatitis was 8.5, 8.6 and 7.5%, respectively. in chronic liver diseases with a history of jaundice and/or hepatitis, previous transfusions are more frequently associated with type NANB than with type B disease. The present study demonstrates that NANB posttransfusion hepatitis tends to develop to chronic liver disease when analyzed prospectively as well as retrospectively.
 ...
PMID:The significance of blood transfusion in non-A, non-B chronic liver disease in Japan. 628 37

In spite of many animal experiments and clinical observations, the etiologic aspects of primary hepatocellular carcinoma remain obscure. In 20 cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma occurring in cases of liver cirrhosis, the author clarified the etiologic aspects. In 10 out of 20 cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma, an early history of blood transfusion could be detected. In eight cases, an early history of acute viral hepatitis including three cases of posttransfusion hepatitis could be clarified. In the five remaining cases, etiologic factors were unknown but an early history of anicteric hepatitis could not be ignored. In four out of 20 cases, HBs Ag in the serum could be detected. In spite of these findings, the close relationship between hepatitis virus infection and the pathogenesis of primary hepatitis virus infection and the pathogenesis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma must be taken into consideration. The period of time from blood transfusion and/or the onset of acute viral hepatitis to initial diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma appears to be reasonable for the occurrence of the disease. The question remains open as to what role hepatitis virus plays in the pathogenesis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Clinical study on etiologic aspects of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. 629 25

Application of sensitive radioimmunoassays for the detection of hepatitis A and B viruses has demonstrated that up to 25% of cases of acute sporadic hepatitis and up to 90% of cases of posttransfusion hepatitis cannot be classified by etiologic agent and warrant designation as non-A, non-B hepatitis. Epidemiologic studies have indicated a pattern of transmission similar to that of hepatitis B virus, with predominance of parenteral routes of spread. Spontaneous resolution of acute infection fails to occur in up to 60% of patients; a chronic asymptomatic but infectious carrier state is recognized. Although the chronic hepatitis is usually mild, a potential for progression to cirrhosis has been described. Transmission studies in chimpanzees have suggested the existence of at least two non-A, non-B agents, which produce strain-specific ultrastructural changes in the hepatocyte and confer a homologous immunity. Multiple assay systems for detecting putative viral antigens have been developed, but their specificity has not been confirmed. Elimination of blood procured by contract from commercial blood banks diminishes the risk of posttransfusion hepatitis and is recommended for prophylaxis. Although the effectiveness of immune serum globulin in the prevention of sporadic disease has not been established, its administration should be considered after exposure to incriminated blood, in spouses during the acute illness, and in neonates of infected mothers.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis non A, non B. Manifestations and implications of acute and chronic disease. 681 5

Progression of acute non-A, non-B (NANB) posttransfusion hepatitis to liver cirrhosis has been well recognized as in hepatitis B infection, whereas no progression of acute NANB sporadic hepatitis to liver cirrhosis has yet been documented. We reported a 29-year-old male with prolonged transaminase elevations in whom acute NANB sporadic hepatitis progressed to histologically confirmed cirrhosis during follow-up of about 3 years. It is suggested that some of the cryptogenic cirrhosis of non-B type may develop from acute NANB sporadic hepatitis and long-term observation is also needed in patients with acute hepatitis of this category.
 ...
PMID:A case of acute non-A, non-B sporadic hepatitis with evolution of liver cirrhosis on serial histologic follow-up. 681 79

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of acute and chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis worldwide. Screening volunteer donors for antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) has reduced the risk of posttransfusion hepatitis C to less than 1.0% per recipient. Virtually all persons with acute HCV infection seem to become chronically infected, and an average of 67% acquire chronic liver disease with persistently elevated liver enzyme values. Among anti-HCV-positive blood donors, 70% to 90% are HCV RNA positive, but less than half have biochemical evidence of liver disease. The extraordinarily high rate of persistent infection observed in humans and the lack of protection against rechallenge with homologous HCV strains demonstrated in experimental studies in chimpanzees suggest that HCV fails to induce an effective neutralizing antibody response. This raises major concerns for the development of effective passive or active immunoprophylaxis against hepatitis C.
 ...
PMID:Review of serologic testing for hepatitis C virus infection and risk of posttransfusion hepatitis C. 751 49

Since the introduction of screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) in donated blood, the risk of contracting posttransfusion hepatitis has been greatly reduced and the test has led to the recognition of asymptomatic blood donors positive for anti-HCV antibodies. Following confirmation of the HCV status with second generation RIBA testing followed by counselling, 55 patients had full investigations, including liver biopsy. These were classified by the traditional chronic hepatitis system and were graded according to the Knodell and Scheuer histological activity indices. Seven of the biopsies were normal (12%), apart from minor degrees of steatosis in two. Eleven cases (20%) were in the chronic lobular hepatitis category without portal inflammation, while 37 cases showed portal inflammation, including 20 (36%) cases where chronic persistent hepatitis was the predominant feature and 17 cases (31%) where there was chronic active hepatitis with piecemeal necrosis. Features which have previously been described in chronic HCV-associated hepatitis were noted: portal lymphoid aggregates (58%), lymphoid follicles with germinal centres (15%), bile duct damage (11%), lobular inflammation (80%), sinusoidal mononuclear cell infiltration (26%), acidophil body formation (11%), and steatosis (47%). Fibrosis was present in 46% of cases but was generally of mild degree; 9% of biopsies demonstrated bridging fibrosis but no cases of cirrhosis were present. Even though serum transaminase levels correlated well with the presence of chronic hepatitis and with the Scheuer and Knodell activity indices, a proportion of patients with significant liver damage had normal transaminase levels, and this study suggests the need for liver biopsy in the evaluation of asymptomatic HCV-positive blood donors.
 ...
PMID:The histopathological features of asymptomatic hepatitis C virus-antibody positive blood donors. 752 Apr 12

Two hundred cases of various kinds of viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma were tested for serum anti-HCV. The positive rates of anti-HVC in patients with severe hepatitis and patients with cirrhosis were 42.86% and 46.15%, respectively. They were significantly higher than those in patients with other kinds of hepatitis (P < 0.05). The positive rate of anti-HCV was 67.5% in patients with posttransfusion hepatitis, 20.47% in healthy blood donors. In posttransfusion hepatitis B it was only 2.5%. Our results demonstrated that blood transfusion played an important role in transmitting HCV. Our findings also indicated that dual infection of HBV and HCV was important in the course of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and severe hepatitis. 50% of the anti-HCV positive patients with chronic hepatitis had slightly elevated serum alanine aminotransferase level. This showed that liver damage caused by HCV may be a chronic course.
 ...
PMID:[The anti-HCV assay in viral hepatitis and hepatoma and the relationship between HCV infection and blood transfusion]. 753 55

There is a high incidence of chronic liver disease in end-stage renal failure patients on dialysis. Hepatitis C virus appears responsible for 80% of posttransfusion hepatitis, and up to 80% of sporadic hepatitis and cryptogenic cirrhosis. Anti-HCV antibodies correlate highly with the presence of active infection. The clinical implications of HCV infection in patients undergoing renal transplantation is unknown. Part I: We undertook a descriptive cross-sectional study of all renal failure patients admitted for kidney transplant between 1/84 and 12/88. Pretransplant sera were assayed for anti-HCV using an ELISA. Patients were divided into anti-HCV-positive (study group) and anti-HCV-negative (controls). Part II: A cohort study was performed with both groups followed from the time of transplantation to the present. Comparisons were made by t tests, chi-square analysis with Yates correction, Mann Whitney test for nonparametric results and multiple regression analysis. Part I: Anti-HCV was present in 76 of 716 sera assayed. There were no differences in sex, age, number of previous transplants, and underlying renal disease. Four variables predicted the presence of anti-HCV: number of blood transfusions; duration on dialysis; i.v. drug abuse, and nonwhite race. Part II: A group of 596 patients was further analyzed. The mean duration of follow-up was not different between the two groups. There were no differences in graft survival, overall mortality, or mortality secondary to liver disease or sepsis. Based on these results, the presence of anti-HCV should not be a contraindication for kidney transplantation.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis C--its prevalence in end-stage renal failure patients and clinical course after kidney transplantation. 767 27

The hepatitis C virus (HCV), a single-stranded RNA virus, is the major cause of posttransfusion hepatitis. HCV isolates differ in nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Nucleotide changes are concentrated in hypervariable regions and may be related to immune selection. In most immunocompetent persons, HCV infection is diagnosed serologically, using antigens from conserved regions. Amplification of RNA may be necessary to detect infection in immunosuppressed patients. Transmission by known parenteral routes is frequent; other means of spread are less common and may represent inapparent, percutaneous dissemination. Infection can lead to classical acute hepatitis, but most infected persons have no history of acute disease. Once infected, most individuals apparently remain carriers of the virus, with varying degrees of hepatocyte damage and fibrosis ensuing. Chronic hepatitis may lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, disease progression varies widely, from less than 2 years to cirrhosis in some patients to more than 30 years with only chronic hepatitis in others. Determinants important in deciding outcome are unknown. Alpha interferon, which results in sustained remission in selected patients, is the only available therapy. Long-term benefits from such therapy have not been demonstrated. Prevention of HCV infection by vaccination is likely to be challenging if ongoing viral mutation results in escape from neutralization and clearance.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis C: progress and problems. 783 3


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>