Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) level was estimated in 132 patients with different liver diseases (chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis, postnecrotic cirrhosis, chronic alcholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis, cholestasis syndrome, fatty liver, Gilbert disease) and malignancies with and without liver involvement. The gamma-GT levels were compared with the values for serum bilirubin, transaminases (GOT, GPT) and alkaline phosphatase in the same patients. gamma-GT values were normal in chronic persistent hepatitis and increased in chronic active hepatitis. Very high activities were measured in chronic alcoholic cirrhosis in contrast to postnecrotic cirrhosis. gamma-GT proved to be more sensitive than alkaline phosphate as an index of cholestasis and liver involvement in malignancies. It is suggested that gamma-GT activity offers valuable aid in differential diagnostics of liver-diseases. gamma-GT being an inducible enzyme, its activity may be raised by enzyme inducing drugs also in subjects without liver disease.
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PMID:Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: its clinical significance. 2 44

"e" is a serum antigen associated with type-B hepatitis. It is found only in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive sera, but is antigenically distinct from HBsAg. e antigen was not detected in the serum of any of 99 cases of acute type-B hepatitis who recovered normally. Its antibody, anti-e, was found in 14 (14%). The antibody usually appeared before clearance of HBsAg and before appearance of HBsAb. Serum e was not detected in any of 29 symptom-free carriers of HBsAg, but 21 (73%) showed anti-e. Serum e was found in chronic active hepatitis (44%) and chronic persistent hepatitis (31%). The antibody, however, was detected in only 2 of 79 patients with chronic active hepatitis but in 7 (44%) of chronic persistent hepatitis. Serum e was not found in 5 patients with primary liver-cell carcinoma or 5 with inactive HBsAg-positive cirrhosis. The antibody was, however, found in all 5 of those with inactive cirrhosis and in 4 of the 5 with primary cancer. These results suggest that the presence of e antigen is associated with active and usually continuing liver disease. Anti-e, however, is associated with inactive liver disease and asymptomatic carriage of HBsAg, and its presence must be regarded as a valuable sign in predicting those who will escape progressive chronic liver disease.
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PMID:Incidence and clinical significance of e antigen and antibody in acute and chronic liver disease. 5 57

Using the single radial immunodiffusion method, the serum levels of IgG, IgA, Ig M, transferrin, haptoglobin, alpha2-macroglobulin, alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha1-acid glycoprotein were estimated in healthy subjects and patients with liver diseases consisting of chronic active and inactive hepatitis, incipient cirrhosis, cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. The results obtained from the statistical analysis of the data were as follows: i) Immunoglobulins and alpha2-macroglobulin in all diseases were higher than those of healthy subjects. ii) The increased transferrin levels were found in chronic active and inactive hepatitis, and the increased alpha1-antitrypsin levels were observed in chronic inactive hepatitis, in incipient cirrhosis in cirrhosis and in primary liver cancer was higher than those of the other liver diseases. iii) Haptoglobulin levels in all diseases except for chronic inactive hepatitis were decreased. iv) alpha1-acid glycoprotein in chronic active hepatitis, in incipient cirrhosis and in cirrhosis were lower than that of healthy subjects. The evaluation of significance for difference of each protein level among disease groups clarified that the decrease of haptoglobin in cirrhosis and the increase of alpha1-antitrypsin in primary liver cancer were characteristic change respectively.
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PMID:The serum protein profile in chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. 6 35

A new method, radio-crossed immunoelectrophoresis, demonstrates alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in sera with a sensitivity of 1 mug/1. By this method AFP with alpha mobility was not found in sera from healthy individuals, patients with chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, secondary liver cancer and cystic fibrosis. In some of the sera, AFP was elevated when measured by conventional radioimmunoassay method and the sera contained an AFP-like substance with gamma mobility when analyzed by radio-crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The nature of this gamma substance is still obscure and needs further investigation.
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PMID:Alpha-fetoprotein-like activity in sera from patients with malignant and non-malignant disease and healthy individuals. 6 Oct 78

Experimental studies, using albino rabbits, showed that following the sensitization with histamine and homologous liver antigen conspicuous liver injury, closely resembling chronic active hepatitis, which progressed into liver cirrhosis with pseudolobulus formation, could be induced. The splenic weight, obtained after the administration of several hepato-toxic substances, had intimate relation with serum gammaglobulin levels. Furthermore, in a group in which splenectomy was performed after the development of hypergammaglobulinemia, serum gammaglobulin resulted in a rebound increase in comparison with extremely low level of serum gammaglobulin in a group in which splenectomized prior to sensitization. These results may suggest that (1) autoallergic mechanism should never be ignored. (2) splenomegaly in chronic liver diseases should not be considered from hemodynamic disturbance alone, but one of the important reacting sites where many factors including antigen antibody reaction are involved.
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PMID:Role of the spleen in hepatic disorders--experimental study from the viewpoint of antigen antibody reaction. 6 1

Liver specimens from 103 patients with various hepatic diseases and from 297 consecutive liver biopsies examined routinely were stained with orcein after oxidation of the tissue sections with potassium permanganate. Orcein-positive dark brown cytoplasmic material could be demonstrated in 27 cases with long-standing cholestasis. These patients had either primary biliary cirrhosis, the cholestatic liver disease of ulcerative colitis or chronic active hepatitis, advanced alcoholic cirrhosis or secondary biliary cirrhosis due to extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Orcein-positive material could not be demonstrated in congenital disorders of bilirubin metabolism or in hemochromatosis. Similarly, it could not be found in acute, toxic, alcoholic or chronic persistent hepatitis.
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PMID:The occurrence of orcein-positive hepatocellular material in various liver diseases. 6 38

The authors studied 496 patients with chronic persistent or aggressive hepatitis, and active or non-active hepatic cirrhosis, and 396 non-hepatic patients. AgHB was detected in the serum by immuno-electrophoresis and by immuno-diffusion and, in the liver, by needle biopsy, using immuno-fluorescence. The liver diagnosis was made histologically. AgHB was found in 34.2% of patients, more often in chronic active hepatitis (53.7%) than in inactive forms (23.2%). This finding may be interpreted as a sign of severity, chronic aggressive hepatitis is more frequently caused by B virus and by its persistence in the liver. In all cases of chronic, aggressive hepatitis studied with AgHB in the serum, AgHB was detected in the nuclei of the liver parenchyma cells. It should be emphasized that there is no significant difference from the immunological point of view, between patients with AgHB and the others, the levels of gamma-globulin and immunoglobulin were higher in the former. The increased frequency of AgHB in the active forms of the disease compared with stabilised forms, reinforces its physiopathological, diagnostic and prognostic significance.
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PMID:[Significance of the AgHB and of the immune reaction in chronic hepatitis]. 6 14

Progression of acute type B hepatitis to chronic liver disease and cirrhosis is well recognized, whereas no progression of acute type A hepatitis has as yet been documented. The natural history of acute non-A, non-B hepatitis has not been previously characterized. Ten cases of chronic liver disease were identified in 44 cases of acute non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis. Age, sex, severity of acute illness, and prevalence of preoperative antibodies to known hepatitis-producing agents did not differ between the group whose hepatitis progressed to chronicity and the group whose hepatitis resolved. Less progression of acute hepatitis to chronic liver disease was seen in those patients receiving immune serum globulin preoperatively than in those receiving an albumin placebo (P = 0.009). Only 3 patients had clinical symptoms of hepatitis at the time of liver biopsy, and elevations of liver enzymes and gamma-globulin were mild. However, liver biopsy specimens in 8 of 10 patients showed chronic active hepatitis and an additional biopsy specimen showed cirrhosis. Acute non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis often progresses to chronic active hepatitis. Preoperative gamma-globulin prophylaxis significantly reduces this progression. Identification and characterization of this viral agent(s) will further aid in the prevention of this undesirable complication of blood transfusion.
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PMID:Development of chronic liver disease after acute non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis. Role of gamma-globulin prophylaxis in its prevention. 6 67

In an attempt to determine the frequency of liver injury in adult coeliac disease (A.C.D.) the case records of 74 consecutive patients were examined. In 13 cases histological sections of the liver were available and in 5 of these there were signs of reactive hepatitis. Histological signs of distinct hepatic injury with cirrhosis and/or chronic active hepatitis were found in 7 other patients. In 5 of these serum-IgA was normal, whereas 16 out of 20 control patients with liver cirrhosis not associated with A.C.D. had raised serum-IgA. Serum-aspartate-aminotransferase and serum-alanine-aminotransferase were determined in 53 patients; 29 had raised concentrations. In 19 patients serum-aminotransferases were repeatedly determined before and during the dietary regimen and there was a significant reduction in enzyme concentrations during treatment. The median concentration of serum-alkaline-phosphatase was also reduced during treatment but not significantly. The histological evidence of liver injury in 16% and the abnormal liver-function tests in 39% of the patients indicate that hepatic injury is common in A.C.D. Since liver-function tests or liver biopsy specimens were available for only about two-thirds of the patients, liver damage in A.C.D. may be more common than indicated by these results. The effect of a gluten-free diet on aminotransferase concentrations indicates that the liver injury may be reversible and suggests that in some A.C.D. patients progressive liver damage may be prevented by suitable treatment. Since A.C.D. is not always recognised, the diagnosis should be considered in patients with liver disease of unknown aetiology.
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PMID:Hepatic injury in adult coeliac disease. 6 80

A total of 54 patients hospitalized for chronic active hepatitis were randomly treated, 29 with prednisolone (maintenance dose 15 mg/day) and 25 with depot synthetic corticotrophin (maintenance dose 1 mg/week, i.m.) and were followed up for 6 to 24 months or longer. In this series, young males predominated, the incidence of serum HBsAg positivity approached 80% in both treatment and no patient had initial evidence of cirrhosis or had autoimmune associated diseases. With either drug SGOT levels showed a decrease during the initial 12 months of therapy (p less than 0.05); initial jaundice, when present, had disappeared by the 3rd month of treatment. With both treatments globulins and gamma-globulins decreased significantly after 12 to 24 months of therapy. Serum HBsAg persisted in all but two cases. Serum liver biopsies showed the following evolutions of histological activity: 12 cases (22%) improved to the "inactive phase" (8 with prednisolone and 4 with corticotrophin); 19 (35%) improved to a lesser extent (8 with prednisolone and 11 with corticotrophin); 17 (32%) remained unchanged (11 with prednisolone and 6 with corticotrophin); 6 (11%) worsened (2 with prednisolone and 4 with corticotrophin). Morphological features of cirrhosis appearently developed in 15 patients (8 treated with prednisolone and 7 with corticotrophin) of whom 7 achieved improvement of histological aggressiveness concurrently. Differences between treatments were not significant. Side effects suggesting drug discontinuation occurred only in 6 cases.
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PMID:Treatment of chronic active hepatitis with either prednisolone or corticotrophin: a controlled trial. 7 Jan 49


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