Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty consecutive cases of portal hypertension seen in a surgical unit in Lusaka, Zambia, are reported. Of these cases 70% were due to portal fibrosis caused by Schistosoma mansoni infestation. Portacaval shunting was undertaken in most cases. Patients with portal fibrosis responded more favourably to portal decompression than did patients with cirrhosis. It is probable that the condition is more common than is generally reconigzed in areas where S. mansoni infestation is endemic.
 ...
PMID:Bilharzial portal fibrosis: an important cause of portal hypertension. 62 72

Circulating immune complexes (CIC), adult schistosome antibody, and total immunoglobulin concentrations were estimated in sera from 35 chronic Schistosoma mansoni patients with different infection intensities and different pathological complications. High CIC levels were present in about one-third (10/35) of the sera. Most of the patients (9/10) with elevated CIC levels also had hepatomegaly or hepatosplenomegaly. This finding is significant in the pathogenesis of schistosomal liver fibrosis and may also apply to other liver diseases, especially cirrhosis. No correlation was found between infection intensity as judged by stool egg counts and CIC levels. A reverse relationship was observed between the level of anti-adult worm IgG and CIC levels. CIC levels were elevated within 7 and 28 days after treatment in most patients. Hypergammaglobulinaemia was detected in most sera.
 ...
PMID:Circulating immune complex levels in patients with schistosomiasis and complications. 313 Jun 85

A study of early glomerular lesions was made in 8 patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni but having no clinical evidence of renal disease. Electron-microscopy of renal biopsies showed the presence of electron-dense deposits in basement membranes and of laminated bodies near the mesangial cells. Immunofluorescence showed that the deposits corresponded to IgG in 8 cases and to IgM in 2 cases. These lesions are comparable with those found in the kidneys of patients with cirrhosis of the liver.
 ...
PMID:Kidney biopsy in the hepatosplenic form of infection with Schistosoma mansoni in man. 492 May 46

In a prospective study of 130 South African black children with chronic liver disease, it was found that the aetiology differed from that reported from developed countries. The most common cause of chronic liver disease (CLD) was HBsAg (33 of 55 with cirrhosis and 24 of 28 with chronic active hepatitis) and Schistosoma mansoni infestation (41 children). Inherited, auto-immune, iatrogenic and cryptogenic disorders, which are the usual causes in the developed world, were less common. The majority of children seen in this series were in an asymptomatic compensated state in contrast to reports from some developed countries. It is concluded that because infection is a common cause of CLD in the Third World it may be preventable in many cases.
 ...
PMID:Chronic liver disease in black children in Durban, South Africa. 608 64

Sixty-eight patients with proven esophageal varices wer studied at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Of these patients, 29.4% had schistosomal portal hypertension, 22.1% cirrhosis and only 8.8% extrahepatic portal vein occlusion. One quarter of the patients had a normal liver biopsy and extrahepatic portal vein that was demonstrated to be patent. Problems relating to liver biopsy sampling resulting in underdiagnosis of specific causes of esophageal varices such as schistosomiasis are discussed. We argue that many of these patients were likely to be suffering from idiopathic portal hypertension, a condition apparently not previously recognized in Africa. Of this last group, 70.6% had suffered gastrointestinal bleeding, as had 50% of the patients with schistosomiasis. Together these two groups accounted for three-quarters of all patients who had bled. The detection of eggs of Schistosoma mansoni in stool and/or rectal snip correlated well with liver biopsy findings in both a positive and negative sense. Only 18% of patients with negative stools and snips had evidence of schistosomiasis in the liver, and positive stools or snips were found in only 14.6% of patients without schistosomal liver involvement. Of the patients in the study, 50% were of the Kamba tribe, although only 12.9% of all medical admissions to the hospital were Kamba (P less than 0.01). Luo patients were significantly more frequent within the group with schistosomiasis (P less than 0.02). Esophageal varices were attributed to tropical splenomegaly syndrome in only one patient. The implications of our results are discussed and our findings are compared with previous work from East Africa.
 ...
PMID:Esophageal varices in Nairobi, Kenya: a study of 68 cases. 697 64

Sera from patients with schistosomiasis and various infections were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay technique (ELISA) using soluble antigens prepared from adult worms and eggs of Schistosoma mansoni. Marked false positive reactions were observed in cases of certain parasitic (hydatidosis) and non parasitic diseases (liver cirrhosis). Equivalent results with the techniques of immunofluorescence and immunoenzymology (done on adult sections) were obtained with adult worm antigen read at a higher optic-density limit. At present, this technique might be useful in seroepidemiological surveys; however, further purification of the antigen will increase its sensibility and specificity.
 ...
PMID:[ELISA in schistosomiasis. Limits. Possibility of application (author's transl)]. 699 32

Histological features of chronic active and chronic persistent hepatitis were observed in mice, rabbits and non-human primates infected with either Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum. In early infection hepatitis appeared as a reactive change due to liver damage caused by the deposition of schistosome eggs, but portal and septal cellular infiltrations tended to remain long after parasite aggression had diminished or disappeared, either spontaneously with time or after chemotherapy. In rabbits, and to a lesser degree in monkeys, a picture of chronic active hepatitis was present, with evolution to cirrhosis in the former. The experimental findings indicate that schistosomiasis has the potential to induce chronic hepatitis and suggest that the current assumption that chronic hepatitis seen in humans with schistosomiasis is always due to concomitant viral infection should be reviewed.
 ...
PMID:Chronic hepatitis in experimental schistosomiasis. 770 27

A clinical study on the evolution of patients with schistosomiasis mansoni has been conducted since 1983 at the outpatient clinic of the Infectious and Parasitic Disease Service in the Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, comparing prevalence of positive tests for HBsAg, anti-HBsAg, and anti-HBc among patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni coming from various regions of Brazil and with different clinical forms of the disease. A non-significant predominance of HBsAg, anti-HBsAg, and anti-HBc was detected among patients with the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis, who presented a more severe clinical evolution with a higher frequency of hematemesis and/or melena, in addition to the development of macronodular cirrhosis and a worse prognosis as compared to patients with the toxemic form, schistosomiasis-infection and the hepatointestinal form.
 ...
PMID:Prognosis of schistosomiasis mansoni patients infected with hepatitis B virus. 992 63

Ultrasonography is now widely used in the diagnosis and management of patients with chronic Schistosoma mansoni infections. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the use of ultrasonography in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS) with and without cirrhosis. Ninety-seven patients (52 males; median age 38 years, range 19-68 years) with HSS, 65 with well compensated (HSSC) and 32 with decompensated (HSSD) disease and cirrhosis, were systematically examined by ultrasound. Hepatic fibrosis was graded according to WHO recommendations. Typical atrophy of the right hepatic lobe accompanied by hypertrophy of the left lobe, with a rounded inferior marginal edge, was seen in 86 (88.7%) patients. Periportal fibrosis was observed in 83 (85.6%) cases and confirmed histologically in all. In 66 patients (68.0%) thickening of the gallbladder wall, associated with periportal fibrosis and extending from the branches of the porta hepatis, was noted. No evidence of biliary disease was found in these patients and gallstones were present in only 3 cases. Fourteen (43.8%) of the HSSD patients could not be classified for grade of fibrosis because of the advanced stage of cirrhosis related to hepatitis B or C viral infection. Of the remaining 18 HSSD patients, none had only grade I fibrosis (vs. 10.8% of HSSC, P = 0.054) and only 6 had grade II (vs. 67.7% of HSSC, P < 0.0005), while the frequency of grade III was significantly higher in the HSSD patients than in those with HSSC (37.5% vs. 21.5%, P = 0.049). These findings indicate that although ultrasonography is a very valid technique for assessing patients with pure HSS, and should be considered the 'gold standard', it is not reliable for assessing periportal fibrosis in patients with concomitant cirrhosis due to other causes.
 ...
PMID:Ultrasonography of the liver and spleen in Brazilian patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and cirrhosis. 1032 9

Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) has become the most important public health problem in Egypt. In Egypt, viral hepatitis along with infection with Schistosoma mansoni is the major cause of chronic liver disease and liver cirrhosis. Although HCV infection is highly prevalent in Egypt, very little information is available on the distribution of the different genotypes of HCV. Our aims in this study were first to determine the prevalence of viral and parasite infections in patients with chronic liver disease and then to assess the distribution of HCV genotypes in these patients. In the present study, 151 individuals (50 with chronic liver disease, 51 with chronic diseases of organs other than the liver, and 50 apparently healthy persons) were investigated. The last 2 groups served as control groups. These individuals were subjected to routine liver function tests and detection of serum antibodies to bilharziasis, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and HCV. Furthermore, the presence of hepatitis G virus (HGV) and HCV in the serum samples were tested for by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Prevalence of different genotypes of HCV in patients positive for HCV were determined by RT-PCR using type-specific primers. Results of the study revealed that 84, 74, 12, and 20% of patients with chronic liver disease were positive for Schistosoma mansoni, HCV, HBsAg, and HGV, respectively, as compared to 51, 43.1, 2, and 4% of patients with other chronic diseases and 22, 6, 0, and 0% of apparently healthy individuals. One hundred percent of patients with chronic liver disease, 72.5% of those with other diseases, and 26% of normal controls were shown to have at least one of the studied infectious agents. Two or more of the agents were highly coincident in patients with chronic liver disease. In Egypt, HCV genotype 4a is highly prevalent, where it contributed 85% of the tested samples in comparison to 10, 2.5, and 2.5% for subtypes 1b, 2a, and 3a, respectively. In conclusion, these results suggest that in Egypt, HCV along with schistosomal parasite infection is the major risk factor for chronic liver disease. In most Egyptian patients, HCV genotype 4 is highly prevalent.
 ...
PMID:Effect of schistosomiasis and hepatitis on liver disease. 1040 20


1 2 Next >>