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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mortality among workers of the rubber industry was assessed following the observation of the cohort comprised of 6,978 male workers who had started their employment in the plant producing rubber footwear during the years 1945-1973, and worked for, at least, three months. The condition of the cohort was assessed for December 31, 1990. Standardised mortality rate (SMR) was used as a measurement tool and it was calculated by means of the man-year method. The general population of Poland was taken as the reference population. General mortality in the cohort was significantly higher than in the reference population (2020 death, SMR = 110). Significant excess mortality due to atherosclerosis (205 deaths, SMR = 135) and cirrhosis of the liver (48 deaths, SMR = 170) was also noted. Total number of deaths due to malignant neoplasms-421-was slightly higher than expected. Significant excess of the bladder cancer (13 deaths, SMR = 357), the larynx cancer (23 deaths, SMR = 180) and the lung cancer (148 deaths, SMR = 122) was revealed. Significantly increased risk of the large intestine cancer (15 deaths, SMR = 242) was observed in the subcohort of workers employed in direct production departments.
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PMID:[Mortality among workers of the rubber industry. III. Results of further observation of the male cohort]. 747 45

Left upper lobectomy and lymph node dissection were successfully performed in a 75-year-old man with lung cancer combined with liver cirrhosis, esophageal varices and pancytopenia. No postoperative complications were encountered due to appropriate fluid transfusion, sufficient administration of fresh frozen plasma and well-chosen antibiotics. In lung operations on patients with liver cirrhosis, it is important to determine the operative indication according to natural history of liver cirrhosis and lung cancer, operative risk and prognosis. Furthermore, the management with special attention to complicated conditions of liver cirrhosis is necessary at the time of surgery.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of lung cancer complicated with liver cirrhosis, esophageal varices and pancytopenia: a case report]. 774 73

The life expectancy of men varies at present in the posttotalitarian central and eastern European countries round 67 years; on the territory of the former USSR it is cca 64 years, in western and northern Europe 72-75 years. Linear extrapolation of these data to 2000 indicates that at the beginning of the next century the life expectancy of men in western Europe will vary round 76 years, while in the posttotalitarian countries it will remain at the same low level. In western Europe there is a steady decline of early deaths of men due to cardiovascular diseases (ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases), diseases of the respiratory, digestive, nervous, urogenital system. The mortality caused by neoplasms, however, remains at a constant level. This is the reason why after 2000 the structure of mortality will change substantially: the cause of premature death of every other man in western Europe will be neoplasms. In the posttotalitarian part of Europe since 1970 early deaths of men due to cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms (mainly lung cancer), diseases of the digestive and nervous system and cirrhosis of the liver are rising steadily. It is probable that in this part of Europe also after 2000 the main cause of death will be cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases which together will account for 60-70% of early deaths of men and for their short life expectancy.
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PMID:[Health status in Europe and projections to the year 2000. 1. The male population]. 775 85

The plasma Lp(a) concentrations were evaluated in several groups of patients. Groups with liver cirrhosis (n = 20), type-1 diabetes mellitus (n = 148), type-2 diabetes mellitus (n = 65), hypertension (n = 51), lung cancer (n = 48) and deep venous thrombosis (n = 31) were compared with a group of healthy volunteers (n = 69). Significantly higher median values were found in the hypertension (142 mgl-1 vs. 43 mgl-1, p < 0.001) and lung cancer groups (241 mgl-1 vs. 43 mgl-1; p < 0.0001). Significantly lower values were recorded in the group with liver cirrhosis (11 mgl-1 vs. 43 mgl-1; p = 0.02). But in this last group there were significant differences between patients in the Child-Turcotte severity stages A to C.
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PMID:The behaviour of lipoprotein(a) in patients with various diseases. 786 33

Cause-specific mortality was surveyed among 23,180 male (580,000 person-years) and 3,860 female (86,898 person-years) employees with 1 or more years of service from 1940 through 1989 at a large chemical plant. Vital status was ascertained for 99.1% of the males (n = 5,658 deaths) and 98.6% of the females (n = 355 deaths). Comparisons of observed mortality with expected levels based on any of three population comparisons (United States, Texas, or five local counties) showed lower mortality for all causes of death, diseases of the circulatory system, diabetes mellitus, and cirrhosis of the liver. There was an increased risk for lung cancer mortality among male operations employees when compared to the U.S. and Texas populations but not to the local five-county region. Additional evidence suggests this increase was primarily attributable to cigarette smoking. Male operations employees also had an elevated, although not statistically significant, risk for kidney cancer. Prior research had shown an association with work in the cell maintenance area of chlorine production. As a result of a high prevalence of deaths certified by justices of the peace, a mortality excess was observed of cancer of other and unspecified sites and symptoms, senility, and ill-defined conditions. Although specific chemical exposures were not studied, the generally favorable mortality experience suggests that major hazards are unlikely.
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PMID:Half-century of cause-specific mortality experience of chemical manufacturing employees. 797 96

The diagnostic value of a new tumor marker, CYFRA 21-1, was studied in the sera of 50 controls, 206 patients with benign diseases and 469 patients with malignancies. Fifty controls showed mean serum concentrations of 1.2 +/- 0.5 ng/ml. Using 3.3 ng/ml as the cutoff, abnormal CYFRA levels were found in 13.1% of patients with benign diseases, mainly in those with liver cirrhosis (29.4%) or renal failure (20.8%), and in 44.4% (180/405) of patients with active cancer. Neither healthy subjects nor no evidence of disease (64 cases) patients had serum levels higher than this limit. CYFRA 21-1 results were significantly higher in patients with active cancer than in those with benign diseases or without active tumors (p < 0.0001). CYFRA serum levels were significantly higher in patients with metastases (59.5%) than in those with locoregional disease (33.7%; p < 0.001). CYFRA 21-1 sensitivity in patients with lung cancer was related to tumor histology with abnormal levels in 65.6% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer and in 25% of patients with small cell lung cancer (p < 0.0001). In breast cancer, CYFRA 21-1 concentrations were significantly higher in patients with metastases and in patients with primary tumors but with nodal involvement (p < 0.001).
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PMID:Study of a new tumor marker, CYFRA 21-1, in malignant and nonmalignant diseases. 799 3

Between 1992 and 2040, the United States nonwhite elderly population is expected to grow from 3.3 to 14.1 million. In order to assess the implications of this increase on the mortality from neurodegenerative diseases in the United States, we used Census Bureau population estimates to formulate projections of the annual number of deaths from neurodegenerative diseases and from six comparison conditions (liver cirrhosis, colon cancer, lung cancer, cancer of the female breast, multiple sclerosis, and malignant melanoma), assuming that the United States disease-age-gender-specific death rates for 1985-1988 remain constant between 1990 and 2040. We find that neurodegenerative disease mortality increases by 281-524%, depending on the model of population growth used. For the 'middle' population growth model, the increase in annual neurodegenerative disease mortality is 373%. The major component of this increase is the rise in deaths attributed to dementia. For the six comparison diseases, the increases in mortality range from 130 (multiple sclerosis) to 288% (colon cancer). Given the current level of underascertainment of neurodegenerative disease mortality, particularly among minorities, and the conservative nature of the Census Bureau estimates of future population, it is likely that these projections are under-estimates. The implications of these data are discussed.
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PMID:Projected neurodegenerative disease mortality among minorities in the United States, 1990-2040. 809 Feb 60

In the Tsukamoto-French model, ethanol causes an important 10-20-fold induction of ethanol-inducible cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1), mediated through enzyme stabilization and increased rate of gene transcription. The CYP2E1 induction results in a pronounced increase in the rate of NADPH-dependent microsomal lipid peroxidation, an elevation which is not seen after simultaneous administration of the CYP2E1 inhibitor diallylsulfide. Increased amounts of lipid peroxides are seen in plasma and red blood cells of both rats and humans during high ethanol intake. A mechanism for ethanol-dependent liver damage is proposed which involves the CYP2E1-dependent lipid peroxide formation, either directly by its capability to induce NADPH-dependent peroxidation in the microsomal membranes or indirectly by a hypoxia-mediated transformation of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase, in activation of Ito cells and Kupffer cells to yield cytokine and collagen production. The CYP2E1 gene is polymorphic among Caucasians. Four different unrelated or partially linked polymorphisms have been observed. One polymorphism in the 5'-flanking region has been described to be associated with altered enzyme expression in vitro, and the rare allele was found to be less frequent among Swedish patients having lung cancer when compared to two different control groups. Another polymorphism, detectable with Dra I restriction endonuclease fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), was localized to intron 6, and the rare allele was less common among Italian alcoholics with clinical signs of liver cirrhosis, as compared to controls. Several other mutations in the CYP2E1 gene were found to be associated with this allele. However, further research is needed to relate the CYP2E1 gene polymorphism with incidence of liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:Ethanol-inducible cytochrome P4502E1: genetic polymorphism, regulation, and possible role in the etiology of alcohol-induced liver disease. 812 98

A cohort of 4320 uranium miners in West Bohemia who started work at the mines during 1948 to 1959 and worked there for at least four years were followed up to the end of 1990 to determine cause specific mortality risks in relation to exposures in the mines. The miners had experienced high radon exposures, on average 219 working level months during their uranium mining careers, for which detailed measurements were available. They had also been exposed to high arsenic levels in one of the two major mines, and to dust. New follow up methods, not previously used for occupational cohorts in Czechoslovakia, were utilised. By the end of follow up 2415 (56%) of the cohort were known to have died. Overall mortality was significantly raised compared with that in the general population (relative risk (RR) = 1.56, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.50-1.63), with significantly raised risks of lung cancer (RR = 5.08, 95% CI 4.71-5.47), accidents (RR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.34-1.87), homicide (RR = 5.57, 95% CI 2.66-10.21), mental disorders (RR = 5.18, 95% CI 2.83-8.70), cirrhosis (RR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.16-1.94), and non-rheumatic circulatory diseases (RR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.08-1.25). The relative risk of lung cancer was greatest four to 14 years after entry to the mines. Relative risks for homicide and accidents were raised up to 25 years from entry but not after this. Substantial significantly raised risks at 15 to 24 years after entry occurred for cirrhosis, non-rheumatic circulatory diseases,a nd pneumonia and other respiratory infections. Sizeable significantly raised risks at 25 and more years after entry, but not earlier, were present for mental disorders, tuberculosis, and non-malignant non-infectious respiratory conditions. No specific causes showed risks significantly related to age at entry to mining. Risk of lung cancer was significantly positively related to radon exposure, estimated arsenic exposure, and duration of work in the mines, but no other cause was significantly positively related to these variables. The raised risk of lung cancer in uranium miners, which is well established, is related aetiologically to radon exposure, and in the present cohort it may also in part have been due to exposure to arsenic. The raised risks of accidents, tuberculosis, and non-infectious respiratory diseases have also been seen in other uranium mining cohorts, and are likely to reflect the dangerous and dusty working conditions and the confined spaces in which work occurred. The cirrhosis and homicide deaths probably related to the lifestyle associated with mining. The raised risk of circulatory diseases does not seem to be related to radon or arsenic exposure; its causes are unclear. The use of multiple follow up methods was found to be mortality in the cohort.
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PMID:Mortality in uranium miners in west Bohemia: a long-term cohort study. 819 80

Between 1990 and 2040, the United States elderly population is expected to grow from 31.6 to 68.1 million. In order to assess the implications of this increase on the mortality from neurodegenerative diseases in the United States, we used Census Bureau population estimates to formulate projections of the annual number of deaths from neurodegenerative diseases and from six comparison conditions (liver cirrhosis, colon cancer, lung cancer, cancer of the female breast, multiple sclerosis, and malignant melanoma), assuming that the United States disease-age-gender-race-specific death rates for 1985-1988 remain constant between 1990 and 2040. We find that neurodegenerative disease mortality increases by 119-231%, depending on the model of population growth used. For the 'middle' population growth model, the increase in annual neurodegenerative disease mortality is 166%. The major component of this increase is the rise in deaths attributed to dementia. For the six comparison diseases, the increases in mortality range from 52 (multiple sclerosis) to 130% (colon cancer). Given the current level of under ascertainment of neurodegenerative disease mortality and the conservative nature of the Census Bureau estimates of future population, it is likely that these projections are underestimates. The implications of these data are discussed.
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PMID:Projected neurodegenerative disease mortality in the United States, 1990-2040. 827 81


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