Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This investigation examined the mortality experience of Native Americans in New York State, exclusive of New York City, between 1980 and 1986. Compared to the general population of New York State, exclusive of New York City, deaths among Native Americans occurred an average of nine years earlier. Among Native males, elevated risk of death was noted for tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, pneumonia and cirrhosis. Native females demonstrated an excess of deaths due to diabetes mellitus and cirrhosis. Fewer than expected malignant neoplasm deaths occurred among both Native males and females. A deficit of deaths was observed for colon and lung cancer deaths among Native males and for colon and breast cancer deaths among Native females. While these results are generally in agreement with previous reports, this study did not identify an excess of deaths due to accident-related mortality. Findings from this study, while limited, do serve as crude indicators of the overall health status of Native Americans in New York State and may prove useful in the context of planning and evaluating future health care services among this population.
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PMID:A mortality analysis of Native American in New York State, 1980-86. 276 54

To study the risk of death and causes of death among female patients with tuberculosis (TB), a total of 1,083 female patients who diagnosed as having active pulmonary TB and newly registered into the Nagoya TB registry between 1979-1981 were followed up till the end of 1983. During follow-up period 138 deaths (12.7%) were observed, a significantly higher rate than expected from the general population. Observed deaths (O) from all types of cancer (O/E ratio = 2.5), lung (6.4) and colorectal cancers (5.0), were significantly higher than that which was expected (E). The number of deaths from TB was naturally high (O/E ratio = 40.0, p less than 0.001). Malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma also showed high relative risk. The smoking rate among the patients was 14%, about the same as with the general population. Excessive high rates of death from lung cancer were observed both among smoking and non-smoking cancer patients. Non-smokers showed a high proportion (60%) of adenocarcinoma. The proportion of the use of antituberculous drugs during the past five years was not different between the lung cancer group and the non-lung cancer group. Patients who died from cirrhosis of the liver showed more frequent use of antituberculous drugs than the others. Factors causing excess incidence of colorectal cancer remain unknown. It was suggested that some immunologic disorders in TB patients may play some role in the development of cancer.
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PMID:Prognosis of female patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. 281 Sep 20

A monoclonal antibody, gamma-120, was raised against a highly purified gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma GT) from human primary hepatoma. The antibody preferentially bound to the small subunit of gamma GT from human hepatoma and kidney as evidenced by immunoblot analysis. Weak binding to the normal liver enzyme could be detected by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). With the use of this antibody, an ELISA was developed for the quantitation of immunoreactive gamma GT in human serum. Sera of 188 normal control subjects displayed a low level (9.4 micrograms/ml) of immunoreactive gamma GT. Highly elevated levels of immunoreactive gamma GT were detected in the sera of patients with primary hepatoma, metastatic liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and certain types of lung cancer. Slightly elevated levels of immunoreactive gamma GT were seen in the sera of patients with liver cirrhosis. The levels of gamma GT were within a normal range in the sera of patients with gastrointestinal cancers and patients with nonmalignant diseases such as hepatitis and gallstones. The antibody has been shown to be useful for the diagnosis of some of the neoplastic diseases.
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PMID:A monoclonal antibody against gamma-glutamyltransferase from human primary hepatoma: its use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of sera of cancer patients. 286 89

The 1916 painters and the 1948 electricians who resided in the Canton of Geneva at the time of the 1970 census were identified and followed up to 1984. During the study period 121 disability pensions were awarded to painters and 59 to electricians. Age standardised incidence of disability per 1000 man-years at risk was higher among painters than among electricians for all neuropsychiatric causes (1.23/1000 and 0.68/1000, respectively) and for all other causes (5.50/1000 and 3.41/1000, respectively). No case of presenile dementia was diagnosed among painters. There was inadequate evidence to indicate that the higher risk of neuropsychiatric disability for painters might have been due to their occupational exposure to organic solvents. A possible toxic effect of these substances on the central nervous system was confounded with alcoholism which was associated with disability from neuropsychiatric disease in 12 of 20 painters and in only one of 10 electricians. Mortality and incidence of cancer were assessed among both cohorts and compared with the expected figures calculated from Geneva rates. Among painters there was a significant increase in overall mortality (O = 254, E = 218.5), in mortality from all cancers (O = 96, E = 75.4), and in incidence from all cancers (O = 159, E = 132.0). For the specific cancer sites, there was a significant excess risk for lung cancer (mortality: O = 40, E = 23.0), which was possibly related to occupational exposure to asbestos and to zinc chromate, although cigarette smoking was not controlled. The significant excesses of biliary tract cancer and of bladder cancer were in accordance with previous observations among painters from other countries. There was also a significant increase in incidence from testicular cancer (O=5, E=1.6), which has not been reported before. For causes of death other than cancer the excesses for alcoholism (O=5, E=0.8). for liver cirrhosis (O=14, E=8.8), for motor vehicle accidents (O=12, E=5.9), and for cerebrovascular disease when allowing for ten years of latency (O=8, E=4.0), were consistent with a probable increased risk of alcohol abuse. Among electricians overall mortality was similar to that expected (O=137, E=139.0). No significant excess risk was found for all cancers or for any specific cancer site. Because of the small number of expected deaths the statistical power was low for the assessment of a possible risk for leukaemia or for brain tumour.
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PMID:Disability, mortality, and incidence of cancer among Geneva painters and electricians: a historical prospective study. 292 Jan 39

A large-scale cohort study in Japan (1966-1982) of life styles and primary liver cancer in men (123 out of 1,709,273 person-years) revealed a close association with cigarette smoking comparable to that for lung cancer, the relative risk (r.r.) for those smoking 1-29 and 30 or more cigarettes daily being 3.09 (1.78-5.35), 6.83 (3.56-13.10) for liver cancer, and 4.45 (3.77-5.25), 6.80 (5.51-8.41) for lung cancer, respectively. For liver cirrhosis, daily cigarette smoking was of less importance compared to daily alcohol drinking, r.r. = 1.17 (1.00-1.36) and 1.82 (1.63-2.04). However, for liver cancer, the risk from daily cigarette smoking was much higher than from daily alcohol drinking, r.r. = 3.14 (1.82-5.42) and 1.89 (1.40-2.55). The risk of liver cancer among the liver cirrhosis cases was therefore calculated as 2.67 (1.49-4.79) for daily cigarette smokers and 1.00 (0.72-1.38) for daily alcohol drinkers. These results must be of special importance in interpreting the reason for the increasing, unique mortality trend of liver cancer in men in recent years in Japan.
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PMID:A large-scale cohort study on risk factors for primary liver cancer, with special reference to the role of cigarette smoking. 292 84

Sex differences in mortality are described and discussed, using data from the national causes of death statistics of West Germany. As in other industrialized countries, men in the FRG, compared to women, have higher mortality rates in all leading causes of death. The sex differences are most prominent in coronary heart disease, lung cancer, fatal accidents, suicide and liver cirrhosis. For example, in the age groups 35 to 55 the male/female ratio in the mortality rates was 6 to 7 for coronary heart disease, 3 to 4 for lung cancer, and 4 for fatal accidents. The cause-specific death rates and the results from corresponding epidemiological studies indicate that genetic disadvantages of men are reinforced by factors of the social environment and 'deleterious' individual behavior. Thus a great part of the sex differences in total mortality could be influenced and should not be judged as inevitable.
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PMID:[Differential mortality of males and females, exemplified by West Germany]. 306 94

A defined general population of 159,200 male and female native Swedes born in the period of 1911-1940, from an urban catchment area of the then only general hospital, was followed over a decade (1970-1979) with regard to inpatient hospitalization for all kinds of diagnoses. Psoriasis cases (n = 372) are significantly (p less than 0.001) associated with a spectrum of diseases: male as well as female psoriatics seem to show excess rates of viral infections, alcoholism, hypertension, pneumonia, liver cirrhosis, urticaria, and rheumatoid arthritis. Psoriasis in males only seem to be associated with iritis and ankylosing spondylitis, whereas psoriasis in females only is associated with lung cancer, diabetes, obesity, myocardial infarction and asthma.
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PMID:Diseases associated with psoriasis in a general population of 159,200 middle-aged, urban, native Swedes. 308 49

In 1982, the American Cancer Society enrolled over 1.2 million American men and women in a prospective mortality study of cancer and other causes in relation to different risk factors. The 2-year mortality of 461,981 males aged 40-79 years with known smoking habit has been analyzed in relation to exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) and to employment in selected occupations related to DE exposure. The relative risk (RR) for all causes of death for those exposed was 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97-1.13). For lung cancer, the RR was 1.18 (95% CI: 0.97-1.44). A dose-response effect was present. Railroad workers, heavy equipment operators, miners, and truck drivers had a higher mortality both for all causes and for lung cancer when compared with subjects with other occupations and no exposure to DE. Truck drivers exposed to DE were not at excess risk of lung cancer if compared with truck drivers unexposed to DE, but a trend of increasing risk with duration of exposure was suggested. DE exposure was also associated with increase in mortality for accidents, cerebrovascular disease, arteriosclerosis, and cirrhosis of the liver. An association based on small numbers was also present for Hodgkin's disease and lymphoid leukemia. No association with chronic non-neoplastic pulmonary diseases or with bladder cancer was found.
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PMID:Diesel exhaust exposure and mortality among males in the American Cancer Society prospective study. 318 56

1. alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) concentration and molecular heterogeneity, and oxprenolol protein binding were studied in serum of 15 healthy volunteers, 14 patients with lung carcinoma and 17 patients with liver cirrhosis. 2. The AAG serum concentration was increased to 180.7% in patients with lung cancer and decreased to 73.4% in cirrhotic patients as compared with controls (P less than 0.05). 3. The concanavalin A (conA) dependent heterogeneity of serum AAG was very similar in controls and patients with lung cancer: a ratio of 9/9/2 was obtained for the conA nonreactive, the conA weakly reactive and the conA strongly reactive subfraction respectively; in cirrhotic patients, the ratio shifted to 11/7/1. 4. The heterogeneity in electric charge, demonstrated by isoelectric focusing, was similar in the three groups of subjects: 70-80% of the focussed bands were found in the main three bands. 5. The binding of oxprenolol to serum proteins was increased in lung tumour patients and decreased in liver cirrhotic patients as compared with controls (P less than 0.05). There was no change in binding affinity and oxprenolol binding was significantly correlated to total AAG serum concentration and to the concentration of each of the conA dependent subtypes, in controls as well as in both patients groups.
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PMID:Alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentration and molecular heterogeneity: relationship to oxprenolol binding in serum from healthy volunteers and patients with lung carcinoma or cirrhosis. 320 44

Occupational mortality among Hong Kong males aged 15 and above were examined for the period 1979-1983, using routine death registration and census data. Age-standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and relative SMR (RSMR) were calculated for each two-digit occupational group and elevated mortality from all and various causes were highlighted. Mortality from ischaemic heart disease was strikingly associated with professional and sales-managerial occupations whereas colorectal cancers were associated with predominantly clerical and sales workers. Mortality from cancer of the buccal cavity and pharynx was elevated in fishermen as well as in farmers, food, drink and tobacco workers, mechanical fitters, and others. Excesses of liver cancer were found in doctors, fishermen and construction workers. Lung cancer deaths were particularly excessive among fishermen, plumbers and welders, construction workers and transport equipment operators. Fishermen were at high risk of death from cancers of the buccal cavity and pharynx, stomach, liver and lung, cerebrovascular diseases and cirrhosis. Miners and quarrymen experienced high mortality from pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic obstructive airways disease whereas construction workers also experienced high mortality from pulmonary tuberculosis as well as cancers of the liver, lung and bladder and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Transport workers were at high risk of dying from cancers of the stomach and lung, cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. These and other associations were generally in line with those found from other similar surveys or detailed studies. The limitations of such studies are many and discussed in the context of Hong Kong.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Occupational mortality in Hong Kong, 1979-1983. 326 Feb 22


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