Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sulfasalazine has been associated with bronchopulmonary complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in adults. We describe a 12-year-old boy who developed desquamative interstitial pneumonitis and hepatic cirrhosis several years following the onset of ulcerative colitis. The restrictive lung disease progressed despite cessation of sulfasalazine and initiation of corticosteroid therapy. We discuss a variety of bronchopulmonary complications of IBD and their association with sulfasalazine.
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PMID:Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis complicating inflammatory bowel disease of childhood. 286 42

As a major tourist attraction for heterosexuals and homosexuals, Thailand stands to experience major increases in the rate of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This article describes 2 AIDS cases in Thailand, including the 1st documented case. The 1st case involved a 28-year-old unmarried Thai male who travelled to the US in 1981 for postgraduate work and had contact with both female prostitutes and homosexual men. In 1982-83, the patient demonstrated fever, fatigue, meningitis, and finally Pneumocystis carinii. He was hospitalized in 1984 for fever, bilateral deafness, and diarrhea. Serologic analysis revealed antibodies to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV- III). Death occurred in January 1985. The 2nd patient was a 52-year- old single man who had moved from West Germany to Thailand 10 years previously to admission in 1985 for upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The patient, a homosexual, make frequent visits to Germany and was an alcoholic. The initial clinical diagnosis was ruptured esophageal varices with cirrhosis. The patient further had a history of herpes simplex genitalis. The subsequent course of the disease process included massive blood loss and interstitial pneumonitis. Serology revealed antibodies to HTLV-III. Death occurred in August 1985. Both of these patients belonged to groups at high risk of AIDS and had clinical, serologic, and immunologic indicators that enabled confirmation of the AIDS diagnosis.
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PMID:Acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Thailand. A report of two cases. 372 46

Repeated administration of carbon tetrachloride (CC1(4)) to the experimental animals not only produces liver cirrhosis but also pathological changes in different organs. The alteration of trace elements in the plasma and in the liver has been documented. Very limited studies were carried out regarding the alteration of trace elements in different organs in experimental animals subjected to CC1(4) toxicity and the influence of scavengers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and allopurinol as preventative measurements. Four groups of animals were studied: CC1(4) and allopurinol (group 1), CC1(4) and SOD (group 2), CC1(4) alone (group 3) and olive oil (group 4). Analysis of tissue concentrations of trace elements in different organ's tissues (e.g. lung, spleen and kidneys) were performed. Histopathological assessments were studied in all groups after 7 weeks of repeated administration of the solutions. Copper contents in the spleen and lungs were significantly high in group 2, while kidney copper contents were significantly high in all experimental groups. Selenium contents in the kidneys and lungs were significantly low in group 1, while it was significantly high in group 2 in all organs. Manganese contents in kidneys was significantly low in group 1 and significantly increased in group 2 in the case of spleen and lung. Lung zinc content was significantly increased in group 2. Spleen zinc decreased significantly only in group 3. Histopathological assessment indicated evidence of interstitial pneumonia in the group treated with allopurinol. The low levels of selenium predisposes to the development of interstitial pneumonia.
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PMID:Alterations of trace elements in kidney, spleen and lungs in treated and untreated experimental liver cirrhosis. 761 71

Progressive muscular dystrophy is characterized by muscle fiber necrosis, regeneration, and endomysial fibrosis. Although absence of dystrophin has been known as the cause of muscle fiber degeneration, pathogenesis of interstitial fibrosis is still unknown. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) induces accumulation of extracellular matrix in various diseases, such as liver cirrhosis and interstitial pneumonitis. To investigate its function on the pathogenesis of progressive muscular dystrophy, it was necessary to determine the degree of TGF-beta 1 expression and the site of TGF-beta 1 immunoreactivity. In Duchenne muscular dystrophy and most of Becker muscular dystrophy, high TGF-beta 1 immunoreactivity expressed on muscle fibers and extracellular space. In other myopathies with endomysial fibrosis, however, TGF-beta 1 was seldom observed. We also examined the immunoreactivity of the latent TGF-beta binding protein, which is bound to the TGF-beta precursors. In all Duchenne muscular dystrophy and half of Becker muscular dystrophy cases, high latent TGF-beta 1 binding protein immunoreactivity was seen, but in other myopathies its immunoreactivity was seldom seen on muscle fibers or extracellular space. Therefore TGF-beta 1 may play an important role in synthesis and accumulation of extracellular matrix in progressive muscular dystrophy.
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PMID:Expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and its relation to endomysial fibrosis in progressive muscular dystrophy. 831 Nov 10

A clinical case of a pregnant suffering from hepatic cirrhosis with ascites, splenomegaly and portal hypertension is described. The pregnancy carried on till the 31st week, even though with the repeated use of tocholytic agents. Cesarean section was performed because of the onset of serious jaundice and the decline of general maternal conditions. The infant, who had an Apgar score of 8 at the 1st and 5th minute, died on the 10th day because of accuse haemorrhagic interstitial pneumonitis in premature lungs and hepatopathy associated with widespread jaundice. The mother was discharged on the 25th day of the postpartum period, in light of the net improvement of her general metabolic condition, the sudden regression of the jaundice and the decrease of the cholestasis indices. A review of the literature discussing maternal complications fetal risks, management of pregnancy and delivery and outcome of the newborn are presented.
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PMID:Cirrhosis and pregnancy. A case report and review of the literature. 900 87

A 66-year-old woman had been treated for 3 years by her local physician with Sho-saiko-to for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and liver cirrhosis. She was admitted to our hospital because of cough, fever, and infiltrative shadows on chest x-ray films. Sho-saiko-to-induced pneumonitis was diagnosed and steroid therapy started. Though a temporary improvement was observed, interstitial pneumonitis relapsed and the patient died of respiratory failure and liver dysfunction. Autopsy findings showed diffuse alveolar damage and honeycombing. Furthermore, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction techniques detected HCV-RNA in specimens of fibrotic lung tissue. For comparison, HCV-RNA was not histologically detected in lung tissue specimens from 4 control subjects who were positive for HCV antibodies but who did not have interstitial lung disease. It was speculated that the progression of interstitial pneumonia in the present case may have been caused by HCV in combination with Sho-saiko-to-induced lung injury.
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PMID:[An autopsy case of interstitial pneumonia probably induced by Sho-saiko-to]. 1070 45

Hepatopulmonary syndrome is the most widely recognized of the processes associated with end-stage liver disease. Chronic liver dysfunction is associated with pulmonary manifestations due to alterations in the production or clearance of circulating cytokines and other mediators. Hepatopulmonary syndrome results in hypoxemia due to pulmonary vasodilatation with significant arteriovenous shunting and ventilation-perfusion mismatch. Hepatic hydrothorax may develop in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Rarely, pulmonary hypertension occurs in the setting of portal hypertension. A second group of disorders may primarily affect the lungs and liver (the hepatopulmonary axis). Among these are the congenital conditions alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency and cystic fibrosis. Autoimmune liver disease may be associated with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, fibrosing alveolitis, intrapulmonary granulomas, and bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia. Sarcoidosis affects the lung and liver in up to 70% of patients. Medications such as amiodarone can result in a characteristic radiologic appearance of pulmonary and hepatic toxic effects. Knowledge of these associations will assist the radiologist in forming a meaningful differential diagnosis and may influence treatment decisions.
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PMID:Diseases of the hepatopulmonary axis. 1083 22

Hepatitis C is a common infection with worldwide prevalence. It has a variable course and can lead to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Until recently alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha) was the only effective treatment available. Combination therapy with IFN-alpha and ribavirin has been found to be more efficacious than IFN-alpha alone. Various side effects have been ascribed to interferon, such as arthralgias, myalgias, fatigue, and gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Interstitial pneumonitis is a rare but known complication of IFN-alpha when given at a high dosage of 6 to 10 million units per day. Ribavirin is associated with dose-dependent hemolytic anemia, cough, dyspnea, rash, depression, and dyspepsia, although a potential role in interferon-induced interstitial pneumonitis has not been described. We describe a patient with an excellent clinical response of chronic hepatitis C to combination therapy with IFN-alpha at a dosage of 3 million units per day and ribavirin. The patient developed interstitial pneumonitis that resolved after discontinuation of IFN-alpha and ribavirin. Given that interstitial pneumonitis has previously been reported with high-dose IFN-alpha, this case suggests that this complication may occur with lower dosages of IFN-alpha, although a potential role for ribavirin in this disorder at present remains speculative.
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PMID:Interstitial pneumonitis in a patient treated with alpha-interferon and ribavirin for hepatitis C infection. 1167 22

Pulmonary complications of alpha interferon are rare. We report two cases of lung complications in liver transplantation patients for HCV related cirrhosis. After switching from interferon alpha to pegylated interferon alpha 2b, one patient developed a BOOP (Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia) and the other severe interstitial pneumonitis. We discuss the causes of these rare pulmonary alpha-interferon induced complications and the different way to suggest that the pegylated interferon alpha 2b could be related to the risk of pulmonary toxicity of this treatment.
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PMID:[Induced interstitial pneumonitis: role of pegylated interferon alpha 2b]. 1207 Apr 14

A 49-year-old man with cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus developed interstitial pneumonitis documented by surgical lung biopsy specimen evaluation after two weekly doses of pegylated interferon-alpha(2)b in combination with ribavirin. He developed ARDS and died after 26 days of hospitalization from multisystem organ failure. This case suggests that interstitial pulmonary disease can occur with pegylated interferon-alpha(2)b therapy.
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PMID:Pegylated interferon and ribavirin-induced interstitial pneumonitis with ARDS. 1285 55


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